...Observations of Chemical Change and Physical Change Emily Fromme July 7, 2015 Purpose: To perform a variety of chemical reactions and make scientific observations to describe the chemical change. Equipment: Pie pan, dish soap, distilled water, matches or lighter, pair of sunglasses, paper towel, scissors, sheet of black paper, sheet of white paper, source of tap water, sunlight (needed for 30 minutes); burner fuel, 2 pairs of gloves, pipet, empty short-stem pipet, goggles, spatula (metal), test tube clamp holder, 4 test tubes, test tube rack, tweezers, 2 well-plates, 1 Experiment Bag: Observations of Chemical and Physical Changes. Exercise 1 Procedure: First, set a sheet of black paper and a sheet of white paper on a table. Set one of the 24-well plates on the table and use scissors to carefully snip off the tips of pipets containing chemicals. Set upright in wells using well plate as a pipet holder. Set the second well-plate on sheet of white paper and arrange so that A1-well is in upper left-hand corner. In well 1, place 4 drops of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and then add 4 drops of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to sodium bicarbonate. Swirl well-plate as necessary to thoroughly mix two chemicals together. Immediately observe the interaction between chemicals (using white and black sheets of paper as background) and record observations in Data Table 1. From observations, make a conclusion (yes or no) if a chemical change occurred and record in Data Table 1. Repeat...
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...Name ______________________________________________________ Period ________ Matter and Energy Study Notes Chapter 2 — Properties of Matter Explore the BIG Idea: Matter has properties that can be changed by physical and chemical processes. Chapter 2 Diagnostic Test — Multiple Choice, limited distractors 2.0 Explore — Float or Sink? Section 2.1 -- Matter has observable properties. By the end of Section 2.1 the student should… Describe physical and chemical properties. Give examples of physical changes. Explain that chemical changes form new substances. Observe signs of chemical change in an experiment. 2.1 Section Investigation — What are some signs of a chemical change? Internet Investigation — IPPEX: Volume and Density Chapter 2 Additional Investigation: Chapter 2 Math Support & Practice: Measuring Density Solving Proportions 2.1 Reading Study Guide A 2.1 Quiz — True/False Section 2.2 -- Changes of state are physical changes. By the end of Section 2.2 the student should… Describe how liquids can become solids, and solids can become liquids. Explain how liquids can become gases, and gases can become liquids. Determine how energy is related to changes of state. Chapter 2 Investigation — Freezing Point 2.2 Reading Study Guide A 2.2 Quiz — Completion Section 2.3 -- Properties are used to identify substances. By the end of Section 2.3 the student should… Describe how properties can help you identify substances. Explain how properties of substances can be used to...
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...the substance of which all physical objects consist. Typically, matter includes atoms and other particles which have mass, Mass and matter are often confused. Matter is anything that takes up space, for example a brick, a pencil, a lacrosse stick, and even you are made up of matter. Matter is anything that has mass; it is also anything that is made up of atoms and molecules. There are five main states of matter that scientists know of; there are solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, and Bose-Einstein’s. Physical Properties Physical properties are things that are observed without changing the identity of the substance. You can think of changes in shape changes, in color, and in size. One example of physical change is if you have something that is a certain color and you change it, it doesn’t change the identity of the substance. Another property is in size. This is a physical property because if you change how big or small an object is you will still have the same substance just smaller. Finally the change in shape is a physical property because you still have the same identities of the object it just looks different. Chemical Properties Chemical properties of matter can only be observed and measured by preforming a chemical change or chemical reaction. You only can tell what a chemical property is by changing a substance's chemical identity. Chemical properties cannot be determined just by viewing or touching the substance you have to cause a chemical reaction between the two...
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...Lab Report for Experiment #4 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes Student's Name __________ __________ Date of Experiment ___ _________ Date Report Submitted _________________ Title: (copy from lab, 1 point) Purpose: (copy from lab, 1 point) Changes to the Procedure by Instructors: 1. Do not test the odor of the samples. 2. In this lab the test tubes can get very dirty and cleaning is difficult. Your test tube may break, but don’t worry about it you will not need them again this term. Dispose carefully in the trash. Have you made any changes to the procedure? Please explain: Fill out the data sheet (page 3) for the experiment and answer the questions. Note: read the lab introduction for clarification on the difference between physical and chemical changes. Remember that a physical change often occurs during a chemical change, but a chemical change does not always happen when a physical change occurs. If you still have questions ask your instructor. From experiment # 1 we learned that a chemical change results in a color change, the formation of bubbles, the formation of a precipitate, or a change of temperature. Keep that in mind when you are deciding whether a physical or chemical change has occurred. Data Table (8 points) Read carefully before you begin your experiment! Be complete when writing your observations. One word observations are not usually complete. If there is a color change, include the color before and after. For...
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...PHYSICAL CHANGE Physical changes are changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition. Physical changes are used to separate mixtures into their component compounds, but cannot usually be used to separate compounds into chemical elements or simpler compounds.[1] Physical changes occur when objects or substances undergo a change that does not change their chemical composition. This contrasts with the concept of chemical change in which the composition of a substance changes or one or more substances combine or break up to form new substances. In general a physical change is reversible using physical means. For example salt dissolved in water can be recovered by allowing the water to evaporate. A physical change involves a change in physical properties. Examples of physical properties include melting, transition to a gas, change of strength, change of durability, changes to crystal form, textural change, shape, size, colour, volume and density. An example of a physical change is the process of tempering steel to form a knife blade. A steel blank is repeatedly heated and hammered which changes the hardness of the steel, its flexibility and its ability to maintain a sharp edge. Methods Heating and cooling Many elements and some compounds change from solids to liquids and from liquids to gases when heated and the reverse when cooled. Some substances such as iodine and carbon dioxide go directly from solid to gas in a process called sublimation...
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...Mr.Kronk Honors Chemistry Bell 1 29 August 2015 Lakota West Lab Purpose The purpose of this lab is to identify physical and chemical changes and differentiate between the two. Procedure Procedure is found on the Physical and Chemical Changes lab at Lakota West lab. Use plastic pipets. On #4 change the experiment to mixing 5 mL of NaCl with 2-3 drops of silver nitrate. On #9 replace regular test tube with a disposable one. Omit the last experiment. Materials Disposable Test Tubes Magnet Test Tubes Paper towels Plastic Pipets Beakers Bunsen burner Rubber Policeman Splint (for burning) Test Tube rack Tongs Safety Don’t stare at burning magnesium. On # 9 have beaker of water ready prior to burning mixture, also when plunging mixture in the water submerge the entire test tube. Data Table Experiment Observations 1 | Wax melted yellow and cooled yellow. | 2 | Formed a white precipitate floating on top. | 3 | Forms a milky, chunky mixture. | 4 | Tiny “poof” noise. | 5 | Burns an extremely bright white light. | 6 | Turned the powder white and produced smoke, water turned it back to blue. | 7 | Turned white and mixture dropped in temperature. | 8 | Pulled the iron out of the mixture. | 9 | Not magnetic pull. | Conclusion The purpose of the lab was achieved because physical and chemical changes were both identified and differentiated. A possible source of error was on #4 the reaction could have ended before the burning...
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...Behavior | gas | liquid | solid | assumes the shape and volume of its container particles can move past one another | assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies particles can move/slide past one another | retains a fixed volume and shape rigid - particles locked into place | compressible lots of free space between particles | not easily compressible little free space between particles | not easily compressible little free space between particles | flows easily particles can move past one another | flows easily particles can move/slide past one another | does not flow easily rigid - particles cannot move/slide past one another | ------------------------------------------------- Chemical or Physical? Physical changes do not cause a...
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...fire and burned which caused physical and chemical reactions and changes. Let’s talk about some of the physical and chemical properties. Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the matter. The beaver’s log had the following physical properties. It was shaped like a cylinder with pointed ends, brown and rough. The beaver ate the bark and the soft tissue in order to receive nourishment. Chemical properties of matter describe its “potential” to undergo some chemical change or reaction by virtue of its composition. As the beaver log burns, it goes through three phases. The first phase is the evaporation of water. As the wood is heated moisture evaporates quickly consuming heat energy in the process. The second phase is the emission of smoke. As the wood heats up, it starts to smoke. The smoke is the visible result of the destruction of the solid wood as it vaporizes into a cloud of combustible gases. The smoke will burn if the temperature is high enough and oxygen is present. The third and final phase is the charcoal phase. As the fire grows and most of the gasses have vaporized out of the wood, charcoal remains. All three phases of wood burning occur at the same time. The wood gases can be flaming and the edges of the pieces can be glowing red as charcoal burns, while moisture in the core of the wood is evaporating. The wood went through both a physical and chemical change. A chemical change can produce heat, light and...
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...which the substances in it are distinguishable from each other, either with the unaided eye or a microscope. A solution looks like a pure substance but it contains more than one type of particle. Alloys are when two or more metals are mixed together. A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be determined without changing the composition of that substance. A qualitative physical property is not measured and includes hardness, malleability and electrical conductivity. Quantitative physical properties are measured and include temperature, height and mass. A physical change is a change is which the composition of the substance remains unaltered and no new substances are produced Examples of physical change are a change of size or shape, a change of state, and dissolving. A chemical property is a property of a substance that describes its ability to undergo changes to its composition to produce one or more new substances. A chemical; change is a change is the starting substance or substances and the production of one or more new substances. Evidence of chemical change includes; color change, odor change, gas production, precipitate production, energy change. A characteristic physical property is a physical property that is unique to a pure substance and that can be used to identify the substance. Density is a measure of how much mass...
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...non-ionized and ionized form. For example, non-ionizing ultraviolet radiation is linked to the development non-melanoma skin cancer. Non-melanoma skin cancer is mainly caused by the radiation that comes from the sun (Hussain, Hofseth & Harris, 2003). But, scientists have noted that ionizing radiations are not a very strong mutagen. This means that the chances of ionizing radiation to cause cancer-causing mutations are low. Radiation is toxic when it is combined with other mutagens. It is important to note that radiation can cause skin cancers in other animals showing to it and not human being only (Stewart & Wild, 2015). In addition, the chance of developing a cancer-causing change due to radiation varies between individuals. For example, children have higher chances of developing cancer-causing change compared to adults. This explains why radiation-induced leukemia is more frequent in children. The use of radiations in medical settings has been linked to the development of some cancers. The sources of non-ionizing radiations include electric power spread devices and mobile...
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...How does a physical or chemical change affect the mass of a substance within a closed system? Our hypothesis to this question was, if a chemical change affects the mass, then the mass will change. Our second hypothesis was, if a physical change occurs, then the mass would stay the same. Changes in matter happen all around us everyday. When we use a coloured pencil, they change in the size of how hard you are pushing on the coloured pencil which dulls it out. When you chew food it, changes its size so we as humans can swallow. Matter is anything that has mass and volume, that can go through chemical and physical changes. When physical change happens, no new substance is created because the molecules of the substance remain the same. As for when...
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...Chapter 1: Matter and Energy Spring 2013 Topics 2 Chapter 1 Topics Matter and its Classification Physical and Chemical Changes and Properties of Matter Energy and Energy Changes (skip) Scientific Inquiry Chapter 1 Math Toolboxes Scientific Notation (exponential notation) Significant Figures Units and Conversions Chem 100 Spring 2014 Classification of Matter Chemistry is a branch of physical science, concerned with the study of the composition, properties and behavior of matter. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Forms of energy are NOT matter. Heat and light, for example, do not occupy space and have no mass. Consider the different forms of matter and energy in this picture. 3 Chem 100 Spring 2014 Classification of Matter We classify matter so that we can understand it better. One way to classify matter is as pure substances or mixtures. 4 Matter Pure Substances Mixtures Chem 100 Spring 2014 Classification of Matter – Pure Substances Pure Substances: have the same composition throughout, and from sample to sample. can be further classified as either elements or compounds. 5 Pure Substances Elements Compounds Chem 100 Spring 2014 Pure Substances - Elements An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances even by a chemical reaction. 6 Chem 100 Spring 2014 Elements and their Symbols Element symbols often consist of one...
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...Name: Pasion, Catherine Shaina O. Section: 1BSCE-1 ; CHM 111 (MW 7:00-8:30 am) Research Activity No.3 ------------------------------------------------- MATTER and ENERGY MATTER and ENERGY 1. Matter and Energy 2.1 Physical and Chemical Changes 1.8 Temperature 2.2 Classification of Matter 1.9 What is Thermometer? 2.3 Mixtures & Pure Substances 1.10 Heat and Thermodynamics 2.4 Matter and its Phases 1.11 Energy Mass Relationship 2.5 Properties of Matter 1.12 Personal Reaction 2.6 ENERGY 2.7 Heat Energy 2. Matter and Energy 3.8 Physical and Chemical Changes 1.8 Temperature 3.9 Classification of Matter 1.9 What is Thermometer? 3.10 Mixtures & Pure Substances 1.10 Heat and Thermodynamics 3.11 Matter and its Phases 1.11 Energy Mass Relationship 3.12 Properties of Matter 1.12 Personal Reaction 3.13 ENERGY 3.14 Heat Energy Matter and Energy Matter and Energy 1. Matter & Energy Anything that we can see, touch or sense is made up of matter. The computer screen, the keyboard in front of you, the air that you breathe, the water that you drink are all examples...
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...In each part of the investigation, identify the type of change that took place and support it with evidence from your observation table. Test A: A chemical change occurred. I know this because bubbles formed when the two substances mixed. I also know this because a gas was formed, and an indicator of a chemical change is when a new substance forms. Test B: A chemical change occurred. I know this because there was both a production of light, and a production of heat. Also, the change that occurred is irreversible. Test C: A chemical change occurred. I know this because the mixture was opaque, while the copper was translucent before mixing. I also know this because small bubbles formed when the substances were mixed. This is also an irreversible...
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...Name Date Class CHEMICAL REACTIONS Section Review Objectives • Describe what happens during a chemical change • Identify four possible clues that a chemical change has taken place • Apply the law of conservation of mass to chemical reactions Vocabulary |chemical property |reactant |precipitate | |chemical reaction |product |law of conservation of mass | Part A Completion Use this completion exercise to check your understanding of the concepts and terms that are introduced in this section. Each blank can be completed with a term, short phrase, or number. Substances change into new substances during a(n) _______ reaction. A change in which the properties of a substance change, but not its composition, is a _______ change. If the composition changes, then a _______ change has occurred. In a chemical reaction, _______ are converted to products. The only way to be sure a _______ change has occurred is to test the _______ composition of a sample before and after a change. The law of _______ states that mass is conserved in any physical change or chemical reaction. In other words, _______ is neither created nor destroyed. 1. CHEMICAL 2. PHYSICAL 3. CHEMICAL 4. REACTANTS 5. CHEMICAL 6. COMPOSITION 7. CONSERVATION OF MASS 8. MASS Part B True-False ...
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