...Systems Design model? According to Smith and Ragan (2005), instructional design is the entire process: from the analysis of learning needs and goals, through the development of instructional materials and activities, to the evaluation of all instruction and learning activities. Spector and Muraida (1997) refer to instructional design as a structuring of the learning environment for the purpose of facilitating learning or improving learning effectiveness. Instructional design is the systematic process of translating general principles of learning and instruction into plans for instructional materials and learning (Seels and Glasgow, 1998; Morrison, Ross and Kemp, 2004). Instructional design is the application of theory to create effective instruction (Jonassen, 2001; Reigeluth, 1999). An instructional design framework focuses on the creation of a learning experience that delivers knowledge in a more effective, interactive, and engaging way, and that can be measured, managed and directed for maximum impact (Piskurich, 2000:7). Smith (2001: [online]) states that instructional design focuses on what learners are to know, the information to be provided, while the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (2001) emphasises that instructional design is the process by which an educator determines the best teaching methods for specific learners in a specific context, in the attempt to achieve a specific goal. There are two classes of instructional design models. They are...
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...Models of Organized Crime Jalaine Franklin University of Phoenix CJA/384 Week-2 Mario Honore November 08, 2012 Models of Organized Crime Patron-Client Orgnizations When it comes to models of organized crime there are two organizations that this paper will refer to, the first is the Patron-Client organization and the second is the Bureaucratic organizations. The Patron-Client is a group of criminals that united together to establish connections that would benefit the groups clients later on. They were structured to run with just one leader and then a chain of command that follows. If an order is given it has to come from the leader and then it is passed down through the chain of command to the members. In order to become a member of a patron-client organization everyone has to be initiated (University of Phoenix, 2007). Bureaucratic Organizations Bureaucratic organizations are slightly different than patron-client organizations in the way they are structured. They are structured with rules and procedures. Bureaucratic organizations also have one main leader and a chain of command that leads to their members. Here the lower managers are not allowed to make any orders; all orders must come from only one person. When it comes to conducting business only high ranking individuals can look for new resources and proceed with new contacts but they still have to have the approval of the leader. Similarity/ Differences Both the patron-client...
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...Addressing Healthy Foods and Nutritional Education with Cleveland's Youth Brenda McLelland Capella University MSN 6012 Unit 8: Designing Health Promotion Programs September, 2015 Abstract Concerns about addressing the nutritional health of Cleveland’s impoverished children continue to plague the Cleveland community. According to the U.S. Census Bureau in 2013, Cleveland has the third largest child poverty rate among the top cities in the United States ("Hunger Facts," 2013). Insufficient resources to provide adequate food and lack of proper nutritional education for these children has a dramatic effect on the health and well-being for this vulnerable group. Not only does poverty have a direct relationship to negative child outcomes, but nutritional intake and education, as well. This article will focus on a theory-based health care promotion plan that will address the poor, school-age children living in Cleveland. Strategies will be identified in promoting nutritional education to improve healthy eating for these children in an attempt to improve the health and wellness for this vulnerable group. Guidelines for quality monitoring, evaluating, and adaptations of this health promotion plan will also be discussed so that it can be used across various health care settings. Implementing a health promotion plan that incorporates appropriate theory, research-based interventions, evaluative measures, and quality improvement metrics is pivotal if the health care professional...
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...Introduction This paper explains the strategic marketing planning process illustrating the discussion with examples from the low cost airline, Easyjet. The paper proceeds in five parts. In the next section of the paper, the concept of market segmentation is described and discussed. Next, the concept is located in the overall positioning, segmentation, targeting (PST) organisational strategy. Porters’ Generic Strategy is then outlined, as a supplementary paradigm to market segmentation. The concept of the marketing mix is discussed and applied to the case study company. A brief conclusion closes the paper. Before examining the marketing process, however, it is necessary to provide an overview of the case study company. Easyjet is an airline company that has been operating in the United Kingdom since 1995 (Easyjet, 2014). Like many other low-cost carriers, the company initially modeled itself on the business model of a successful American carrier, Southwestern Airlines (Yip, 2004). That airline had experienced unprecedented success by cultivating and exploiting a low cost operating model – Easyjet sought to implement this model in the European context, launching a flight between London and Amsterdam that was half the cost of the fare at the time offered by national carrier British Airways (Sull, 1999). In the years that followed, Easyjet rapidly expanded its route network to include hubs in some of the major British cities: Glasgow, Manchester and Liverpool, and routes to...
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...TOPIC: ANALYSIS OF EQUITY SHARE CAPITAL AS A SOURCE OF FINANCE IN AN ORGANISATION RESEARCH PAPERS The 2 research papers under study are 1. The effect of CEO ownership and shareholder rights on cost of equity share capital. 2. What motivates seasoned equity offerings? Evidence from the use of issue proceeds. COST OF EQUITY CAPITAL AND ITS EFFECTS TO THE MANAGEMENT Introduction This paper investigates the cost of equity capital and its effects to the management which intends to hinder shareholders right. The purpose of which is to investigate whether managerial ownership affects the associations between the shareholders rights and the cost of equity capital. There are two variables in the article which can be clearly identified. The variables are; 1) The shareholders rights and 2) The cost of the equity capital. 1) THE SHAREHOLDERS Shareholders should have the right to discipline the managers, who are the employees of the organization, in the case of the mismanagement or the improper use of the funds. The shareholders have right to demand for the success of the organization through competing aggressively in order to gain profitability. The shareholders have right to elect and remove the management from the office and also to access or evaluate the books of accounts of the organization. 2) COST OF EQUITY CAPITAL Rate of return of equity Current market price and the nominal value of equity capital CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK THE AGENCY PROBLEMS: THE MANAGEMENT...
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...University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Wharton Research Scholars Journal 5-1-2006 Valuation of Venture Capital Securities: An Options Based Approach A. Lloyd Thomas University of Pennsylvania This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/wharton_research_scholars/36 For more information, please contact repository@pobox.upenn.edu. Wharton School Valuation of Venture Capital Securities: An Options Based Approach Disciplines Business | Finance and Financial Management This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/wharton_research_scholars/36 Valuation of Venture Capital Securities 1 Valuation of Venture Capital Securities An Options Based Approach Wharton Research Scholars 2005-2006 Investigator: A. Lloyd Thomas Supervising Professor: Dr. Raffi Amit Copyright © A. Lloyd Thomas, 2006 Valuation of Venture Capital Securities 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 3 Venture Capital Financing Negotiations......................................................................... 3 Venture Capital Securities .............................................................................................. 6 Common Stock...
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... Develop analysis strategy: model current system, formulate new system Gather requirements: develop system concept, create business model Develop system proposal Deliverables: the system proposal; an analysis and a high-level initial design for the new system 5. Describe the principal steps in the design phase. What are the major deliverables? Develop design strategy Design architecture and interfaces Develop databases and file specifications Develop the program design to specify what programs to write and what each one will do Deliverables: system specification- architecture design, interface design, database and file specifications, and program design 6. Describe the principal steps in the implementation phase. What are the major deliverables? Construct the system: Build/Test it Install System: train users Support the system (maintenance) Deliverables: New System and Maintenance Plan 7. What are the roles of a project sponsor and the approval committee? project sponsor- person or department that generates the request to conduct a feasibility analysis approval committee- decides whether the project should be undertaken 12. Describe the major elements in and issues with waterfall development. Elements: analysts and users proceed in sequence from one phase to the next Advantages: it identifies system requirements long before programming begins and it minimizes changes to the requirements as the project proceeds Disadvantages: design must...
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...of Theories and Evidence ABSTRACT This survey outlines the evolution of thought leading to the recent developments in the study of business cycles. The subject is almost coextensive with short-term inacrodynamics and has a large interface with economics of growth, money, inflation, and expectations. The coverage is +-)y.Pry' kg4h v4r 4 ii4 c,1 ,i4 4 tT The paper first summarizes the "stylized facts" that ought to be explained by the theory. This part discusses the varying dimensions of business cycles; their timing, amplitude, and diffusion features; some international aspects; and recent changes. The next part is a review of the literature on "self-sustaining" cycles. It notes some of the older theories and proceeds to more recent models driven by changes in investment, credit, and price-cost-profit relations. These models are mainly endogenous and deterministic. Exogenous factors and stochastic elements gain importance in the part on the modern theories of cyclical response to monetary and real disturbances. The early monetarist interpretations of the cycle are followed by the newer equilibrium models with price misperceptions and intertemporal substitution of labor. Monetary shocks continue to be used but the emphasis shifts from nominal demand changes and lagged price adjustments to informational lags and supply reactions. Various problems arise, revealed by intensive testing and criticisms. This prompts new attempts to explain the persistence of' cyclical ...
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...FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my warmest gratitude to Professor Michael Shih for his patient guidance and encouragement all this while. A very big thank you, Sir. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank my family for their love and concern all these years. Thank you Dad, Mum and Brother. Without their support, I would not have come so far. Thank you! Voon Peijun 2009 Page i ABSTRACT The study explores the role of issue managers in the initial public offering (IPO) process. Empirical research shows that IPOs are associated with two significant market anomalies: short-run underpricing puzzle and long-run underperformance phenomenon. This paper examines the reputational influence of issue managers on the two anomalies. Employing the newly developed ‘twelve-month rolling’ reputation ranking approach, our study is the first to furnish a comprehensive ranking of all the issue managers with a substantial presence in Singapore. Based on a sample of 384 IPOs listed on the Singapore Exchange between January 1, 1997 and August 22, 2008, we find evidence of prevalent short-run underpricing and long-run underperformance in the domestic market. Our findings indicate that the IPOs backed by higher reputation issue managers are associated with greater short-run underpricing. This is consistent with the ‘market power hypothesis’ which postulates that higher reputation issue managers are able...
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...you seek to maintain this trend? Make note of the different strategies, models and methods you would use. In Canada, crime rates have been declining drastically over the past years. Crime impacts the overall value of life. It identifies the complete action in variety of ones way of life. Today, crime rates are known as a majority outcome, which is not restricted and can lead to devastating consequences in the society we reside in. Crime is defined as disobeying the law; symbolizes an unlawful act, which is punishable by the public and it’s a punishment...
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...Methodology Essentially, it's a framework for software development in which development proceeds sequentially through a series of phases. Progress "flows" from one stage to the next, much like the waterfall that gives the model its name. Stages 1.Project Planning 2. Requirement gathering 3.Design 4.Develop 5.Testing 6.Production 7.Support Advantages The waterfall model, as described above, offers numerous advantages for software developers. First, the staged development cycle enforces discipline: every phase has a defined start and end point, and progress can be conclusively identified (through the use of milestones) by both vendor and client. The emphasis on requirements and design before writing a single line of code ensures minimal wastage of time and effort and reduces the risk of schedule slippage, or of customer expectations not being met. Getting the requirements and design out of the way first also improves quality; it's much easier to catch and correct possible flaws at the design stage than at the testing stage, after all the components have been integrated and tracking down specific errors is more complex. Finally, because the first two phases end in the production of a formal specification, the waterfall model can aid efficient knowledge transfer when team members are dispersed in different locations. Criticisms Despite the seemingly obvious advantages, the waterfall model has come in for a fair share of criticism in recent times. The most prominent criticism...
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...attention to his critique of Culture at the close of his culture chapter. I am providing predictable moves (and then headers) below, because this is the kind of writing you must become used to providing as you move toward COM 660 and COM 689 next year. Paper Design: 1. Introduction: Includes your thesis statement (re: Your claim about the issue and you preview of how you will proceed to unpack this in the paper) 2. Neutral Statement of the Problem & Key definitions/clarification from literature (mostly our textbooks from COM 610 and Reid lectures/PPTs 3. Your Analysis of the Tension: Strengths and Stretches of Each Approach 4. What you make of this/see it as relevant and why. 5. Conclusion Possible Headers: (Introduction & Paper Claim-MAKE SURE YOU MAKE A THESIS CLAIM THAT CLARIFIES WHAT YOU WILL ATTEMPT TO DO IN THE PAPER IN A CLEAR thesis sentence) Clarification of Approaches Statement of the Inherent Problem (perhaps in the using arguments from Morgan vs. Schein) Strengths and Weaknesses for each Approach Systems Culture Your Assessment Potential for your own possible career application If you do not know what this is at present, imagine a position you know a friend has. Which model is more attractive and/or realistic for that job/position...
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...Promotion In Nursing Practice To equate and distinguish, the author had to search literatures from the GCU library and Google. The author noted that there was a lot to learn about health promotion in the three articles. Today’s health promotion is not just restricted to preventing disease, restoring health, containing illness, concentrating health pedagogy, lifestyle and behavioral alterations, but has attempted a new paradigm, authorizing the patients by taking governmental and societal action to encourage health improving environment (Irvine, 2007). This paper focuses on the intention of the health promotion in nursing practice, roles and responsibilities of nursing evolving health promotion, implementing methods that encompasses all the domains of nursing, and compares the three phases of health promotion prevention of diabetes. There are various definitions given by authors and organizations regarding the health promotion but the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO, 1986), Ottawa charter is the popular one, which reads “Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.” This definition emphasizes on responsibility of patient health and also expands its role in healthy lifestyle changes for betterment...
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...ultimately insignificant unless a company can translate its earnings into cash, and the only source in financial statement data for learning about the generation of cash from operations is the statement of cash flows. Cash inflows usually arise from one of three activities, examples financing, operations or gifts in the case of personal finance. Cash inflow is things like customer receipts, dividends received and income tax refunds. Other example of cash inflow is proceeds from sales and casualty insurance proceeds. Also , proceeds from bond issuance and from loans. Statement of cash flows is an key financial statement in the accountancy industry. It was one of the four major financial statements needed by GAAP. The main purpose of statements of cash flows is to prepare relevant information on cash receipt and cash payment during a business. The statement shows why the cash in the period by reporting a net cash available or used by operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. This paper discusses how to direct and indirect method of cash flow statement and will also discuss every part to get the cash flow statement and how it helped the various of different users. Cash flow statement indicate the source of cash receipts and cash payments during the objective of awarding accounting period. The statement helps to describe the change in cash balance. The Mazda marque is gaining popularity in Malaysia, as its market grew from 0.2% to 1.5% over four...
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...Worldwide Paper Company ------------------------------------------------- An Analysis of Blue Ridge Mill Ebha Agrawal, Elizabeth Collins, Sagar Jain, Ross Manfre, Joshua Newby Financal Management 7010 October 6, 2015 Executive Summary: In 2006 Worldwide Paper Company, a leader in the paper production industry, is faced with a challenging question. Should they build their own on-site longwood woodyard or continue to purchase from another mill? Blue Ridge Mill, a subsidiary of Worldwide Paper Company, is considering this strategic move to save on operating costs and enter a new market on the recommendation from Bob Prescott, the controller of the mill. With production set to begin in 2008, Worldwide Paper Company would see an operating costs savings of $2.0 million in 2008 and $3.5 million per year in the years after. This savings comes from producing their own shortwood product versus purchasing from Shenandoah Mill. The addition of the on-site woodyard also allows Worldwide Paper Company to capitalize on the increased production capacity to enter the shortwood market to now compete with its former business partner expecting to reach sales at $10 million in 2009 and continue until 2013. Is this a good investment for Worldwide Paper Company to enter? The following analysis will consider following: net present value, NPV;...
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