...What is the ozone layer and why is it important? The ozone layer is a concentration of ozone molecules in the stratosphere. About 90% of the planet's ozone is in the ozone layer. The layer of the Earth's atmosphere that surrounds us is called the troposphere. The stratosphere, the next higher layer, extends about 10-50 kilometers above the Earth's surface. Stratospheric ozone is a naturally-occurring gas that filters the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A diminished ozone layer allows more radiation to reach the Earth's surface. For people, overexposure to UV rays can lead to skin cancer, cataracts, and weakened immune systems. Increased UV can also lead to reduced crop yield and disruptions in the marine food chain. How does ozone depletion occur? It is caused by the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS), which were used widely as refrigerants, insulating foams, and solvents. The discussion below focuses on CFCs, but is relevant to all ODS. Although CFCs are heavier than air, they are eventually carried into the stratosphere in a process that can take as long as 2 to 5 years. Measurements of CFCs in the stratosphere are made from balloons, aircraft, and satellites. When CFCs and HCFCs reach the stratosphere, the ultraviolet radiation from the sun causes them to break apart and release chlorine atoms which react with ozone, starting chemical cycles of ozone destruction that deplete the ozone layer. One...
Words: 715 - Pages: 3
...adolescence we are taught to share your things, be fair, and that everyone is equal. How nice this American society would be if those virtues of being equal were true, but sadly it is not. As someone’s cognitive abilities develop and they start to assess their abilities, they automatically compare them to others, sometimes not even on purpose. As we grow up we learn that this society is a “dog-eat-dog” world, and if people do not possess the necessary skills and characteristics that one needs to get ahead or be on top, other people who are equipped with those essential skills will not even think twice about surpassing those who are lacking. By the time some people realize that America is dog-eat-dog society, they haven’t been prepared to handle competition correctly. The mere thought of a little competition scares the hell out of most people. That first loss that is handed to them during adolescence where their winning classmate throws up the “L” shape on their forehead and yells out “loser!” is almost unbearable. They completely bomb that group interview and are outshined by others in the same room where they have to openly compete for a spot in a company. Almost your entire life you have to compete either with yourself or others. Competition is very beneficial for adolescents and children need competition. Competition helps children learn their strengths and weaknesses, build character, and helps them learn how to be a team player. This why competition should be implemented...
Words: 1535 - Pages: 7
...Case 1.1. Made in the U.S.A. – Dumped in Brazil, Africa, and Iraq… 2.) Explain what dumping is, giving some examples. Does dumping raise any moral issues? What are they? What would an ethical relativist say about dumping? At times a company is unable to sell their products because it may cause harm to people or the environment. When a product has been determined by the government to be unsafe and illegal to sell, the manufacturer needs to find a way to dispose of it. This is when dumping occurs. Dumping is the exporting of goods at prices lower than the home market prices. It occurs when manufacturers export a product to another country at a price either below the price charged in its home market or below its cost of production. These overseas countries generally do not have qualified health safety standards. Since dumping involves substantial export volumes of a product, it financially affects the manufacturers of the importing country. This is the case with the Tris-impregnated pajamas. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission found that the pajamas contained a flame-retardant chemical Tris, which had been found to cause kidney cancer in children. Because of its toxicity, the sleepwear couldn’t even be thrown away, let alone sold (Barry, Shaw 29). But the pajamas were exported to other countries at 10 to 30 percent of the normal wholesale price. This however is not the only case of dumping. There were also 450,000 baby pacifiers that were exported for sale overseas...
Words: 4631 - Pages: 19
...Challenges to Pakistan’s Economy - Proposed Remedies & Solutions. Professor Dr. Shahida Wizarat Paper presented at the pre-budget seminar organized by the Southern Regional Committee of (ICAP), at Marriott Hotel, Karachi. 10 April 2008 1. Introduction All the serious challenges Pakistan’s economy is facing today like very wide budget and trade deficits, galloping inflation, increase in the level of poverty, power outages, water shortages, closure of industries, food insecurity, etc, has diverted our attention from realizing the very serious challenge that we have overcome. Since the 1950s we had a system in this country where the Ministry of Finance and all the economic ministries were headed by World Bank and IMF officials of Pakistan origin. With increase in the indebtedness of the country the situation got from bad to worse. The worst period was the decade of the 1990s when not only the economic ministries, but even prime ministers came from these institutions. During negotiations between the Government of Pakistan (GOP) and the International Financial Institutions (IFI)s it was difficult to distinguish between the GOP and the (IFI)s, for both sides comprised of IFI officials. These were very trying times for those of us who value independence and economic sovereignty of the country. I wrote several articles questioning the wisdom of a system which even...
Words: 3695 - Pages: 15
...Recently more research has focused on the relationship between color and psychological functioning. _____ (Q) Two further experiments establish the link between red and avoidance motivation as indicated by behavioral (i.e., task choice) and psychophysiological (i.e., cortical activation) measures. _____ (R) Four experiments, in fact, demonstrate that the brief perception of red prior to an important test (e.g., an IQ test) impairs performance, and this effect appears to take place outside of participants' conscious awareness. _____ (S) Red impairs performance on achievement tasks, because red is associated with the danger of failure in achievement contexts and evokes avoidance motivation. _____ (T) All of these findings suggest that care must be taken in how red is used in achievement contexts and illustrate how color can act as a subtle environmental cue that has important influences on behavior. _____ (U) Indeed, startling findings occurred in regard to the relationship between red and performance attainment. 2,5,3,1,4 Recently more research has focused on the relationship between color and psychological functioning. _____ (Q) Two further experiments establish the link between red and avoidance motivation as indicated by behavioral (i.e., task choice) and psychophysiological (i.e., cortical activation) measures. _____ (R) Four experiments, in fact, demonstrate that the brief perception of red prior to an important test (e.g., an IQ test)...
Words: 8888 - Pages: 36
...AN ANALYSIS OF IRONY AND SARCASM IN SOUTH PARK BY PHILIPP PAYR Table of contents 1) Introduction 2) Definition of irony and sarcasm 2.1) Irony 2.1.1) Verbal irony 2.1.2) Situational irony 2.1.3) Dramatic irony 2.2) Sarcasm 2.3) Difference between sarcasm and irony 3) Mechanisms of irony 3.1) Overemphasis 3.2) Internal inconsistency 3.3) Stylistic inconsistency 4) Methodology 5) Analysis of irony and sarcasm in South Park 5.1) Episode 14:11: Coon 2 5.2) Episode 16:08: Sarcastaball 5.3) Episode 07:14: Raisins 6) Conclusion 7) References 1) Introduction The use of irony and satire is known for a long time. The mediums to transmit ironic and satiric effects, however, can change with the course of time. The use of them in TV series evoked my interest to examine this phenomenon. Irony and Sarcasm are the stylistic features principally used in the comic TV series South Park. Although the concept and the humor of the show remains the same, the success now persists for more than a decade. For that reason, I decided to make use of excerpts of this series and to analyze the methods of how irony and satire are created. Despite the sentiment of many that South Park is nothing but a threat to young people because of its massive use of scatological language, a multitude of messages can be uncovered in this TV series. Therefore, not only the surface structure of the often-obscene content has to...
Words: 2989 - Pages: 12
...these critics are being proven wrong time and again. Simon Mainwaring (2011). For several decades music could only be heard by either buying a single or an album from the local record shop, listening to the radio or going to watch a live gig. There was a time that it would be a special occasion to take your Vinyl or CD home and play it through a sound system. Those days seem so very long ago now. In more recent years, through the evolution and growth of iTunes, YouTube and technology in general, there are many new ways of listening to music. Thanks to modern technology, we now listen to music on a verity of different platforms such as our computers/laptops, phones, iPods and even home gaming devices. We can now listen to music 'on-the-go' and that means we aren't confined into listening to music in certain circumstances - i.e., sitting in front of a CD player. We listen to music how, where and whenever we want to. Over the past decade, this has become normality and is how the majority of the world listens to music, proving extremely popular to millions of people. In 1999, ‘ Sean Parker’ and ‘Shawn Fanning’, two 18-year-old college students, changed the music industry forever with their file-sharing program called Napster, which enabled users to swap and share music files on their computer. The introduction of the program meant people could go online and download any song on the program for absolutely nothing. Believe it or not, when Napster first launched, most people were...
Words: 2921 - Pages: 12
...UBurger Goes to China UBurger is a fast-casual food chain that is committed to serving fresh high quality products to a discerning populace. They specialize in a selection of burgers topped with fresh produce and sauces with three choices of protein - beef, chicken, and vegetarian patties. In addition to their staple burgers, they also serve french fries and milkshakes. We would like to take UBurger to Shanghai, China to profit from the market for American fast food which has emerged in the industrialized country. UBurger is not the first to follow down this path; many others such as McDonald’s and YUM! Brands have done the same. We feel that these other brands have left an opportunity for a healthier line of food to strive. Given that UBurger does not have the same network of international support as these other brands, a joint-venture would be the best mode of entry to this new market. Real Kung Fu - China’s largest fast food restaurant - would become partners with UBurger in this new venture. As the UBurger Brand grows, we will open additional stores across the nation. Within three years, we will have opened a new location in Beijing and then spread out from there, eventually opening locations in the capitals of all of China’s provinces. UBurger serves signature burgers that are topped with a variety of fresh produce and sauces in its fast-casual food chain locations. The addition of and attention to this produce and these sauces creates separation from traditional fast...
Words: 8352 - Pages: 34
...Research Goal The main goal of doing a project on AMBUSH MARKETING is to know that how it take advantage of situations which allow brands/products to get extra exposure at minimal cost. Research Objectives 1. To examine the unethical issues in the advertising industry. 2. Determine the need of Ambush Marketing. 3. To analyze the measures of Ambush Marketing. 4. To study whether Ambush Marketing is ethical or unethical. Research Questions 1. What are the measures to combat Ambush Marketing? 2. Is it ethical for a company to ambush an event? 3. Why do brands with excellent reputations get into this? Research Methodology The methodology of the study includes study of library references and latest literature on the various educational sites, and compilation of the secondary data and information obtained from various journals. My research methodology will be doctrinal as well as non-doctrinal in nature and therefore data will be collected from both primary and secondary sources. The method of research would be deductive as conclusion would be drawn after the analysis and interpretation of data collected ------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER 1 ------------------------------------------------- UNETHICAL PRACTICES IN ADVERTISING INDUSTRY The field of advertising is extremely broad and diverse. Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade the viewers, readers or listeners to purchase or take some action upon...
Words: 8497 - Pages: 34
...you don’t have the kind of determination they do, then it’s best for you not to be too adventurous. A few of the brands that dominate the world are Nike, American Express, Samsung, Coca- Cola, Apple, Marlboro, Louis Vuitton, Toyota, Mcdonald’s, and many more. These brands didn’t become what they are overnight. As some would say, “Rome wasn’t built in a day.” They had to overcome hardships beyond whatever you and I can fathom but that didn’t stop them. For John Pemberton who concocted the formula we now call “Coke”, the 9 bottle per day he sold didn’t stop him from continuing his business. Today they sell 1.6 billion servings every day. Samsung started as a grocery store when Lee Byung-chul opened Samsung Sanghoe in 1938. The business grew and became successful and he moved the headquarters to Seoul in 1947. However, when the Korean War broke out, he had no other choice but to leave. So he started a sugar refinery and a woolen mill under the parent company, Samsung. Samsung was banned from selling electronics which they then offered. The ban by president Park Chung-hee lasted for 18 years which gave Samsung 18 years to fine-tune their products and become...
Words: 5165 - Pages: 21
...brand. Customer loyalty encourages consumers to shop more consistently, spend a greater share of wallet, and feel positive about a shopping experience, helping attract consumers to familiar brands in the face of a competitive environment. Types of Loyalty To understand customer loyalty one must recognize there are different types and degrees of loyalty. There is monogamous loyalty and there is polygamous. There are also behavioral and attitudinal aspects. A look at these concepts will clarify what “customer loyalty” really is, and this is important because having a solid understanding of the concept is critical if one hopes to design a reward program where loyalty enhancement is the primary objective. Monogamous vs. Polygamous Loyalty We live in a world of polygamous, not monogamous loyalty. For example, a person might shop at Safeway, Thrifty Foods and Save-on-Foods and unfailingly shop at all three. The person is then loyal to them, but not to others, and yet 100% loyal to none. In their book Loyalty Myths, Keiningham et al. (2005) suggest that “loyalty can in part be thought of as the probability a customer will purchase a brand on any particular purchase occasion. For example, a customer may tend to purchase Brand A 70 percent of the time, Brand B 20 percent, and Brand C 10 percent of the time” . The point here is that, in the real world, 100% loyal customers are rare. In the majority of cases, attempting to make customers completely loyal is unrealistic. A more...
Words: 17803 - Pages: 72
...Western Expansion: Topics • The Native Americans • Settlement of the West • The Bonanza West • Conclusion: The Meaning of the West The Native Americans: • Life of the Plains Indians • Indian Policy • Finial Battles on the Plains • The end of tribal life • “saving” The Indians • Hellan Hunt Jackson • NA Contributions 1877 is the beginning of “modern” American history. Hayes was president and some feel he is a fraud Most people live on Eastern Seaboard. Many overcrowding. Manufacturing and limited land space. People want to live west but the Indians were there…. In 1867 Horace Greeley urged people in NYC to move west “if you move west you will crowd nobody and not starve” because nobody was there but there were over QMil Natives living in the West. The gold rush started and disturbed the native western population. 1: Life on the plains for NA. 2/3 of them lived on the great plains. It’s one of the most hazardous at the time. They knew how to survive. The plains Indians depended buffalo. They can kill and take only what they need and use the entire kill. The Whites left the carcass. It was used by them for clothes, tools, food, shelter, ect. Before the horse the NA would hunt them by running them over a cliff or scaring them into a trap. The Spanish introduces the horse to them. They discovered that it was a great work and hunting animal. They were migratory and would travel with the food source. Some tribes would be sever thousand people...
Words: 7844 - Pages: 32
... 1 Introduction 2 Why Butterfly Farming? 2 The History of Butterflies and Butterfly Farming 4 The Business of Butterfly Farming Butterflies 5 A Day in the Life of a Butterfly Farmer 6 Country Analysis: Costa Rica 8 The Land 9 Plant and Animal Life 10 The People 11 Greetings and Courtesies 13 Business Culture 14 The Economy 16 Table 1 17 Graphs 1, 2 18 Finance 18 Table 2 19 Government 19 Education 20 Health and Welfare 20 Resources 21 Agriculture 21 Table of Contents (cont.) Industry 22 Trade 22 Transportation 23 Butterfly Beauties, Inc. Operations Equipment and Supplies 25 Employees 27 Marketing Butterflies 28 Exportation/Shipping 31 Conclusion 32 Works Cited 33 Butterfly Beauties brochure Appendix Butterfly Beauties, Inc. Butterfly Farming in Costa Rica Executive Summary While the name may seem somewhat "flighty," butterfly farming is a serious business opportunity. The demand for butterflies is increasing, and new butterfly houses and farms are opening worldwide. The marketing possibilities are exciting. For our venture, Butterfly Beauties, Inc., we have chosen to locate our butterfly...
Words: 8667 - Pages: 35
...33 CHAPTER Newswriting basics Ready to write a simple news story? This chapter introduces you to the concepts and formulas all reporters have learned to rely upon. IN THIS CHAPTER: 34 Just the facts Be aware of what’s factual — and what’s opinion. 36 The five W’s The essentials: who, what, when, where, why. 38 The inverted pyramid How to write stories so the key facts come first. 40 Writing basic news leads Putting your opening paragraphs to work in the most informative, appealing way. 42 Beyond the basic news lead Not every story needs to start with a summary of basic facts; you have other options. 44 Leads that succeed A roundup of the most popular and dependable categories of leads. 46 After the lead . . . what next? A look at nut grafs, briefs, brites — and ways to outline and organize stories efficiently. 48 Story structure How to give an overall shape to your story, from beginning to middle to end. 50 Rewriting First you write. Then you rethink, revise, revamp and refine until you run out of time. 52 Editing Reporters have a love-hate relationship with editors. But here’s why you need them. 54 Newswriting style Every newsroom adapts its own rules when it comes to punctuation, capitalization, etc. 56 Making deadline When you’re a reporter, you live by the clock. How well will you handle the pressure? 58 66 newswriting tips A collection of rules, guidelines and helpful advice to make your stories more professional. ...
Words: 13302 - Pages: 54
...MailOnline - Sports website of the year Home U.K. U.S. News Sport TV&Showbiz Femail Health Science Money Video Coffee Break Travel Fashion Finder Football Transfer News Cricket F1 Boxing Tennis Rugby Union Rugby League Golf Racing More Sports Fantasy Football Headlines Login DailyMail Tuesday, Aug 12th 2014 4PM 12°C 7PM 11°C 5-Day Forecast SuperBale! Bulked-up Real Madrid star eyes more glory ahead of his homecoming at Cardiff, the city where it all began 25 years ago LONDON, ENGLAND - JANUARY 19: Samuel Eto'o of Chelsea celebrates after scoring his team's third goal and completing his hat trick during the Barclays Premier League match between Chelsea and Manchester United at Stamford Bridge on January 19, 2014 in London, England. (Photo by Mike Hewitt/Getty Images)Liverpool consider shock swoop for former Chelsea star Eto'o as Rodgers looks to bolster striking options REVEALED: Find out who is the Premier League's most popular player when it comes down to shirt sales Man United BAN supporters from bringing in iPads and tablets into Old Trafford ahead of the new season FA facing new Wembley low with just 10,000 tickets sold for Norway friendly Khedira is NOT for sale: Ancelotti insists midfielder is going nowhere as Arsenal and Co are dealt transfer blow Drogba could miss the start of the season after picking up ankle injury Football - Tottenham Hotspur v FC Schalke 04 - Pre Season Friendly - White Hart Lane - 14/15 - 9/8/14 Tottenham Hotspur...
Words: 8604 - Pages: 35
