...Grand Canyon University Predicting work place aggression against nurses in all hospitals NRS-433V 1/27/2012 Workplace violence (WPV) towards nurses is occurring more worldwide and in the United States WPV is becoming a major killer. Australia’s health care industry has been known to be the most violent. The workplace violence occurs in all areas of the hospital including the ED and mental health department and the health care setting seems to be more prone to WPV. Some examples of WPV are physical assault, bullying, verbal abuse, and different forms of harassment. In this study the researcher focuses on the perpetrator and the behaviors that might indicate the occurrence of workplace violence. The researcher also addresses skills that a nurse may use to help predict the possibility of WPV. Having these skills allows the nurse to respond to a situation early and possibly de-escalate the episode. The study occurred in a non-teaching hospital, 332 nurses in all areas ED, surgical, mental, pediatric, medical, and maternity were asked to participate in the study. The approval was obtained through the ethics committee in the case study hospital and university. The nurses received a letter stating what the study was about, a survey, and an interview consent card, if the nurse wanted to participate they returned the interview consent card. About 35 nurses agreed to be interviewed; they had to give written consent before completing the survey or the interview. The benefits...
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...Term Paper: Aggression and the Brain Aggression as a general term refers to the act of inflicting physical or verbal harm with the intentions of causing pain. It is very questionable why people choose to harm each other especially if there is no reason, such as self defense, involved, but research has been evolving on that issue to show how the biology of the brain is related to aggression and how different the neurochemistry of the brain of an aggressive person to a non aggressive one. “Violent behavior never erupts from a single cause, rather it results from a combination of risk factors — among them inherited tendencies, a traumatic childhood and other negative experiences — that interact and aggravate one another” (Strueber). Basically putting together this combination of likely explanations of aggression may let one see the whole picture of why people become so aggressive. The biology of the brain and aggression seek to be explained in two different ways, in terms of androgens which are male hormones and the level of serotonin in the brain. In general it is important to talk about aggression and understand its possible manifestations because aggression is important in human existence therefore being aware of its likely biological causes will help us understand better why there is a high rate of aggression, violence and suicide and make us perceive it from the biological aspect rather than from the cultural or the individual context. First of all, the first linkage...
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...multiple head injuries or high insulin levels are also at a greater risk of acquiring Alzheimer’s. On the other hand, dementia is caused by changes to the brain. These changes may be caused by a stroke, brain tumors, or even head injuries. Diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, hyperthyroidism, B12 deficiency, and fluid build-up on the brain have also been known to cause dementia. (Healthwise Incorporated, 2011) Once the causes of the two diseases have been determined, it is important to discuss the symptoms. The similarities between the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia are typically what dupe people into thinking they are the same disease. Both diseases will cause memory loss. This is the most obvious symptom because patients will forget things like personal hygiene, they may get lost easily, or they may forget names of family members. Major behavioral changes can occur in both diseases, such as, behaving like a child or becoming scared over...
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...reinforcement is where we manage to avoid something unpleasant happening * Through this process, we can learn new responses to environmental stimuli as the behaviourist approach says all behaviour is learned The SLT would consider how children could learn aggression both directly and indirectly. * For example a child may be given attention for throwing a temper tantrum, and this is positively reinforcing for them as it act as a reward (learn aggression directly). SLT mainly would focus on how children would learn aggression from seeing others (indirect learning). * For example a child may observe their older sibling having a tantrum and receiving sweets from their mum to pacify them. Due to vicarious reinforcement, the younger child will think that if they behave like this too, they will also receive sweets. This is known as observational learning/modelling. Studies carried out by Bandura illustrate how children will imitate the behaviour of others and model their behaviour on them Social learning theory. In one study it was found that children were more likely to behave aggressively if they had seen an adult being rewarded for their aggression. The study supports SLT of aggressions as it shows that children will learn through vicarious reinforcement i.e....
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...The prefrontal cortex (PFC), located in the frontal lobe, is a core neutral system controlling rightful decision-making and the suppression of impulsive behaviour. It is therefore a key area when considering antisocial behaviour (ASB) such as psychopathic tendencies, alcoholism and aggression. This includes ‘rule breaking behaviour that is central to criminal, violent and psychopathic individuals’ (Raine and Yang 2006). Thus, in this essay I will assess the importance of the link between damage to the PFC and ASB and perhaps its significance in relation to neuroethics and the legal system. Meanwhile, others remain sided towards the argument that it is environmental risk factors and gene abnormalities that lead to cognitive, emotional and behavioural abnormalities, which in turn predispose ASB. Support for the link between dysfunction to the PFC and ASB is derived from brain imaging studies carried out on affective murderers and...
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...Introduction Aggression is behavior that is forceful, hostile or attacking. It is an intention to cause harm or an act intended to increase relative social dominance. Workplace aggression is any act of aggression, physical assault, threatening or coercive behavior that causes physical or emotional harm in a work setting (Rai, 2002). Aggression at workplace can also be to show or as a result of dissatisfaction and disapproval to other’s action. Violence is defined by the World Health Organization as the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against a person, or against a group or community that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation. Workplace violence is an action or incident that physically or psychologically harms another person. It includes situations where employees and other people are threatened, attacked or physically assaulted at work (Department of Health, 2004). It ranges from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and even homicide. It can affect and involve employees, clients, customers and visitors. Violence is aggression; however aggression does not necessarily imply violence. When people talk about workplace violence they may be referring to a range of hostile acts – from threats and intimidation to homicide.. Workplace aggression includes violent acts as well as nonviolent acts such as harassment, intimidation, and threats that create...
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...Understanding Aggression Handed on February 5, 2014 By: Camille L. Quicho Student no. 11-00131 Psychology (BS), 2nd semester CONTENTS 1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………1 2 What is Aggression………………………………………………………………2 3 Disorders linked from Aggression……………………………………….. ~1~ 1- INTRODUCTION Psychologists classify aggression as instrumental and hostile. Instrumental aggression is aggressive behavior intended to achieve a goal. It is not necessarily intended to hurt another person. For example, a soccer player who knocks a teammate down as they both run to stop the ball from reaching the opposing team's goalpost is not trying to hurt the teammate. Hostile aggression, onthe other hand, is aggressive behavior whose only purpose is to hurt someone.Hostile aggression includes physical or verbal assault and other antisocialbehaviors. Most studies of aggression are geared toward hostile aggression. There are several forms of self-control training, which teaches people to control their own anger and aggression by making verbal statements in which the person tells him/herself to respond to anger and arousal by thinking first and then using less aggressive behavior. Self-control training includes rational restructuring, cognitive self-instruction, and stress inoculation. Self-control training has been proven to work and is being used more and more often. Contingency management, the use of rewards and non-physical punishment to control aggression, has the longest...
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...Kuo, Sullivan / AGGRESSION AND / July 2001 ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR VIOLENCE AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE IN THE INNER CITY Effects of Environment via Mental Fatigue FRANCES E. KUO is an assistant professor at the University of Illinois, UrbanaChampaign. Her research examines effects of the environment on healthy human functioning in individuals, families, and communities. WILLIAM C. SULLIVAN is an associate professor at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. His research focuses on the psychological and social benefits of urban nature and citizen participation in environmental decision making. ABSTRACT: S. Kaplan suggested that one outcome of mental fatigue may be an increased propensity for outbursts of anger and even violence. If so, contact with nature, which appears to mitigate mental fatigue, may reduce aggression and violence. This study investigated that possibility in a setting and population with relatively high rates of aggression: inner-city urban public housing residents. Levels of aggression were compared for 145 urban public housing residents randomly assigned to buildings with varying levels of nearby nature (trees and grass). Attentional functioning was assessed as an index of mental fatigue. Residents living in relatively barren buildings reported more aggression and violence than did their counterparts in greener buildings. Moreover, levels of mental fatigue were higher in barren buildings, and aggression accompanied mental fatigue. Tests for the...
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...This paper explores five published articles as they relate to the concept of Lateral violence (LV) within the nursing profession and how it directly affects the work environment. The concept of LV is also known as abusive behavior, horizontal violence, bullying, aggression, horizontal hostility, verbal abuse or “nurses eating their young”. There are four main themes that appear throughout the five articles. The negative effects that LV has on nurses’ health, moral and sense of worth. The negative impact that LV has on patient care and outcome. The negative impact that LV has on the recruitment and retention of nurses by health care organizations. And who should be responsible for eliminating the phenomenon. Within the articles there is a shared belief that strong leadership is needed to create codes of conduct and enforce zero-tolerance policies. Employees should be provided education and training on effective communication skills as well as conflict resolution. Furthermore nurses should hold themselves accountable through adopting and modeling professional ethical behaviors so that LV can be eradicated from the professional workplace. Keywords: abusive behavior, lateral violence, horizontal violence, bullying, aggression, horizontal hostility, verbal abuse, nurse eating their young. Thesis Even though nursing is known as a caring profession, it is not uncommon to find Lateral violence (LV) within the field of nursing. Lateral violence is a negative phenomenon within the nursing...
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...Included in the meta-analysis was 26 studies were included before the exclusion of 4 studies. Of the remaining 22 studies, positive effects in IQ were shown in all cases and positive effects in non-verbal IQ were reported in 9 of 10 studies (Virués-Ortega 2010). Along with these studies, there were 11 studies assessing receptive language from 172 participants and 10 studies covering expressive language from 164 participants in an applied behavioral analysis, and all of the previous displayed favorable effects. These results are important in showing the effectiveness of the applied behavioral analysis treatment method. All of these results stemming from the meta-analysis point towards the positive successes that this type of behavioral treatment...
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...setting. Background. As the population ages, increasing numbers of older people with dementia are placed into an acute care hospital to manage a condition other than dementia. These people require special care that takes into account the unique needs of confused older people. Current nursing and medical literature provides some direction in relation to best practice management; however, few studies have examined this management from the perspective of hospital staff. Design. A descriptive qualitative approach was used. Method. Data were collected using semi-structured audio-taped interviews with a cross section of thirteen staff that worked in acute medical or surgical wards in a large South East Queensland, Australia Hospital. Results. Analysis of data revealed five subthemes with the overarching theme being paradoxical care, in that an inconsistent approach to care emphasised safety at the expense of well-being and dignity. A risk management approach was used rather than one that incorporated injury prevention as one facet of an overall strategy. Conclusion. Using untrained staff to sit and observe people with dementia as a risk management strategy does not encourage an evidence-based approach. Staff education and environmental resources may improve the current situation so that people with dementia receive care that takes into account their individual needs and human dignity. Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses can assist older people with dementia by encouraging evidence-based...
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...Abstract A male patient came into my office with his father. His father was healthy, but his son had a large head, long face, prominent forehead and large ears. He had trouble making eye contact and showed hyperactivity and behavior problems of autism throughout our appointment. After further hearing the symptoms, I tested patient X with PCR analysis and found there was a mutation, proving my theory and this boy's diagnosis of Fragile X syndrome. Symptoms: Male A moderate mental retardation. They have an abnormal facial appearance, characterized by a large head size, a long face, prominent forehead and chin and protruding ears. Loose joints (joint laxity), and large testicles (after puberty). Behavioral problems such as hyperactivity, hand...
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...University of Phoenix Material Psychodynamic Personality Theories Matrix Using the text for this course, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, complete the following table. Theory | Assumptions | Reliability | Validity | Application | Psychoanalytic Theory | -First developed by Sigmund Freud.-Negates influenced by free will.-Influenced by genetics as well as the environment.-behavior occurs as a result of internal conflict unresolved from childhood.-behavior is motivated by unconscious motives and desires.-these unconscious motives sometime resulted in what were termed Freudian slips.-occurred as a result of childhood experiences.-proposed that personality is driven by sex and aggression.-states that the mind influences one’s personality.-personality includes the id, ego, and superego. Id- holds aggressive energy, driven by one’s unconscious impulses and desires, seeks immediate gratification. Ego- caught between the id and the superego, works to balance the two and uses defense mechanisms to resolve conflicts and solve problems. Superego- conscious, includes morals, self control and values.Psychosexual stages :-Oral- 0-18 mths-Anal- 2-3 yrs-Phalic- 4-6 yrs-Latency- 7-11 yrs-Genital- 12+ yrs | -Based merely on clinical observations, Freud had no scientific evidence to prove his theory.-Theory was based off of Freud’s background, his personal philosophy, experiences and observations. -No experiments were used to prove his theory, no one could...
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...increased level of dopamine can lead to schizophrenia. People can increase their dopamine levels by taking drugs such as cocaine which therefore is why schizophrenia is linked so much with cocaine. A piece of research which I have studied is the Gottesman study. This was the study of the meta-analysis twins. Gottesman studied approximately 40 twins (monozygotic and dizygotic twins) and found that the monozygotic twins had a 48% chance of developing schizophrenia if one twin had schizophrenia already, however in dizygotic twins there was only a 17% chance. This piece of research proves that genes are a reason for developing psychological illnesses. The treatments associated with the biological method are drugs such as medication to change the neurotransmitter levels in the brain which can therefore relieve symptoms of the mental illnesses. Another treatment is psychosurgery which is when the patient undergoes a brain surgery to destroy or separate parts of the brain. The psychosurgery reduced aggression and made people more placid but is now only a very last resort for some disorders such as very serious depression. The final treatment is electroconvulsive therapy. ECT is when the patient is given a shock of around 225 volts to the brain and is supposed...
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...In fact, when I searched those terms, the very first link shown is an article from The American Psychological Association directly linking violent video games to increased aggression. Attempting to better understand the affiliation between the two, I found a longitudinal study titled “A Longitudinal Study of the Association Between Violent Video Game Play and Aggression Among Adolescents”, which proves this correlation. According to the research, “The first set of analyses revealed that adolescents who played violent video games across many years of high school also reported steeper increases in aggression over time compared to participants who reported less sustained play” and, “Consistent with the general aggression model, violent video game play may influence an individual’s level of direct aggression by promoting aggressive beliefs and attitudes and creating aggressive schema, aggressive behavioral scripts. and aggressive expectations.” (Willoughby et al., 1054) The study also notes that there is no discrepancy in gender regarding aggressive...
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