...Her Father also suffered from fear of abandonment early in age when his Father left his home, but gradually got better with time and age which he was later diagnosed having borderline personality disorder (BPD). During the time he left their home, Sara was only 5 years old and could not quite grasped over the years why he left when everything in her eyes seemed to be going well in their household. According to Lecci (2015), people that show signs of decreased symptoms are typically those who fall in the individual age range, along with stability that is greater during the beginning of their third and fourth years of life. Sara stated that she was going to take a few days off from work to self-reflect personally and in hopes to come back feeling refreshed. In her mind, she was fine even though she took off from work and still did not see what all concerns were about her behavior. It left her still a bit puzzled as to why she needed...
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...Evaluate the evidence for borderline personality disorder being (a) caused by adverse events in childhood, and (b) treatable? Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is psychiatric disorder characterised by a ubiquitous pattern of instability and impulsivity. Those with BPD struggle to maintain interpersonal relationships due to social inhibition and impulsive aggression. They also tend to find it difficult maintaining a positive self-image, often resulting in a nagging feeling of inadequacy. Of the general population, 1-2% are affected by BPD-Many psychologists have suggested that BPD balances on the line between mood and personality (Tyrer, 2009), which means that there can often be some confusion when diagnosing. A range of factors have...
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...Narcissistic Personality Disorder Keyword: treatment for narcissistic personality disorder To like and love one’s self like the Greek mythology character named Narcissus may be normal sometimes, but if carried to the extreme, it can become a mental disorder. A narcissistic individual does not only have too much self-confidence, but he may also lack concern for others and may not care about how others feel. The question is – Is there a treatment for narcissistic personality disorder? Part 1: What Is Narcissistic Personality Disorder? A narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by extreme self-centeredness, an inflated sense of self-importance and a lack of compassion for others. Just like other types of personality disorders,...
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...ETIOLOGY Individuals with borderline personality disorder have an increased likelihood of decreased size of the amygdala and the hippocampus, both associated with emotion and motivation. There is also evidence in decreased production or transmission of serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter. Decreased levels of serotonin has been associated with mood disruption, such as depression, irritability, and anger along with impulsive behavior (Bateman & Krawitz, 2013, p23). Additionally, there has been noted decreased neurological electrical activity in those with BPD. There is a genetic factor to the development of borderline personality disorder. First-degree relatives of sufferers of BPD have five times greater risk of the disorder than the general population. Additionally, they display an increased risk for substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder, and depressive disorders including...
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...Unlike Cluster A and Cluster B, Cluster C is a group of personality disorders that exhibit mainly anxious and fearful symptoms. Due to these symptoms, there are three sub-types of disorders in Cluster C described as avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. As each disorder is different, a person struggling with an avoidant personality disorder avoid a wide range of social situations, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation and criticism. Due to their fears, they are unable to form close relationships unless there is an assurance of uncritical acceptance. It is also suspected that this type of disorder is part of a broader social anxiety spectrum as...
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...mental health disorders and illnesses to which people suffer from. After reading several case studies and matching the correct diagnosis to the correct case study, now it is time to go over these case studies, diagnosis, causes and treatments. There are five case studies in total. The diagnoses to be covered are schizoid personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, somatoform disorder, dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia. The first case study was on a middle ages woman name Josephine. Josephine presented with symptoms of schizoid personality disorder. She is avoidant of social situations, shows no emotions and prefers to be alone. From a cognitive perspective, individuals with schizoid personality disorder have a deficient way of thinking and looking at things. However, psychodynamic theorists believe that schizoid personality disorder is a product of unaccepting or abusive parents. Treatments for schizoid personality disorder are quite limited on effectiveness and treatment isn’t usually sought unless another disorder presents the need for treatment. Drug therapy, group therapy, learning social skills, role play and exposure techniques are some types of behavioral therapy techniques used to treat schizoid personality disorder. The cognitive approach gives the patient a list of emotions to think about and also asks him/her to write down experiences when certain emotions are present, such as pleasure (Comer, 2011). The second case study is on Luis who...
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...Dependent Personality Disorder in Women Kimberly L. Johnson Abstract This paper will examine the DSM disorder of Dependent Personality Disorder in Women. The focus of this paper will be to highlight the differentiation, diagnosis and treatment of this specific pathological personality disorder. According to the DSM, Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be cared for by others that usually lead to clingy and fears of separation. In professional counseling it is critical that clinicians understand the root causes of DPD and how this disorder can manifest in women. This disorder can be found in both men and women, but research seems to suggest that women are more likely to suffer from this disorder. Therefore, understanding the pathology of DPD and its diagnosis and treatment will be critical to professionals working with women. This paper will also discuss how clinicians should be cautious when making diagnosis in women who present with DPD and knowing what gender and culture factors that exists. Dependent Personality Disorder in Women Clinical Definition of Dependent Personality Disorder According to the DSM-IV-TR (2000), Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be cared for by another person that usually lead to clingy and fears of separation. DPD as outlined in the DSM-IV-TR is considered the formal diagnosis of DPD needed for insurance, research, and communication...
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...Dissociative identity disorder (DID), previously known as multiple personality disorder (MPD) is one of the most controversial mental disorders known to man. Although it only accounts for 1-3% of the general population, it has been advancing quickly. More and more researchers have been trying to find a cure for this mind altering disorder. Dissociative identity disorder is a condition wherein a person’s identity is fragmented into two or more distinct personalities. The identities are made to cope with different parts of the person’s life. They are unique and distinct from the person’s core personality. One of the personalities is always present, usually being the dominant one. There is no recollection of each other's roles in the body they...
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...1: MENTAL DISORDERS AND CRIME 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO MENTAL DISORDER A mental disorder is depicted as a significant behavioral or psychological pattern, which leads to distress or impairment in important areas of functioning or a higher risk of suffering from pain, disability, loss of freedom and death (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Mental disorder affects a person’s mood, thinking and also behavior. The general types of mental disorders include mood disorder, anxiety disorders, personality disorders and psychotic disorders. 2.0 SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF MENTAL DISORDERS These signs may include the feelings of excessive anxiety, intense fear, odd speech or thinking patterns, marked changes in behavior and mood, withdrawal from social interaction and the lost of interest in activities that are normally enjoyed. 3.0 THE LINK BETWEEN MENTAL DISORDERS AND CRIME Personally, I think that there is a positive correlation between mental disorders and crime. However, not all individuals with mental disorders are certain to commit crime. The possibility of crime being committed by these individuals may depend on external factors which trigger their biological predisposition to violate the rights of others. In the following discussion, I have included several studies which stated that mental disorders may lead to crime. 3.1 SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION & AGGRESSION Results from a study have shown that individuals with psychotic disorders were responsible...
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...Dissociation Disorder Rebecca Lynn England General Psychology; Valley College Abstract An exploration of Dissociative Disorder including an overview of debates, disorder description, causes, and treatment. Hundreds of studies have been performed concerning this subject. There are countless theories and allegations concerning multiple personalities, even dating back to the days of the witch hunts. Initial symptoms generally begin in childhood. By adulthood, a person has usually forgotten the actual abuse or trauma that caused the psychological disorder, but are left with a myriad of manifestations of abnormal behaviors throughout life. Memories that begin to reemerge later in life are caused by what is called triggers. In depth testing must be undergone to determine if a person actually has this condition. Once diagnosed, treatment is extensive, lasting over many years. Realistically, the person may never completely function normally. Keywords: Dissociative Disorder, multiple personalities, alter personalities, psychological conditions, treatment, abuse, trauma, switching, post-traumatic stress disorder Living Beyond Oneself: The Reality of Dissociation Disorder The Creation of an Alter Person Dissociative Disorder is part of a series of conditions called Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, “a condition of reoccurring persistent mental and emotional stress as a result of injury or severe psychological shock.” (NLM) Originally known as “multiple personality disorder,” it is...
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...Split personality is a disorder that has been observed among different people in the current generation. Various researches have been conducted by different scientists to address this issue. Therefore, the paper seeks to address the main causes of split personality and its effects on an individual. In this paper we will be looking at the qualitative point of view, as in regards to some of the following reasons. What are the causes and effects of split personality on an individual? What are the common symptoms of split personality? What are the main causes of split personality among the youth? With research of articles, the understanding of this reasoning will take place. The research methodology employed in addressing the split personality...
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...Appendix H Katlin Clark PSY/270 March 15, 2015 Appendix H Case Study 1: Schizoid Personality Disorder Cause: The cause of this disorder is unknown even through, it can be rooted from unsatisfied need for human contact. The parents of people with this disorder are believed to have been unacceptable or abusive to their children. Cognitive theorists think that they suffer from deficiencies in their thinking. So this means that their thoughts tend to be vague and empty and that they have trouble scanning the environment to arrive to an accurate perception. Treatments: The treatment that can help with this disorder can be therapy. They can help the people with this disorder experience more happy feelings and satisfy social interactions. One of the techniques that they use is making the patient make a list of emotions to think about. They can also have them write them down and remember pleasurable experiences. This is what cognitive therapist have them. While behavioral therapist believe in teaching social skills to the clients, using role playing and homework assignments. Case Study 2: Narcissistic Personality Disorder Cause: Psychodynamic theorist believe that this disorders cause is cold and rejecting parents. They also have learned that children that have lost their parents or have been abused as a children tend to develop this disorder. Cognitive behavioral theorists believe that they develop this disorder by being treated to positively rather than to negatively early...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder or Bipolar Disorder James Tierney University of Maryland University College Abstract Many movies have portrayed characters with either a form of Bipolar disorder or a type of Personality disorder whether it is for dramatic purposes or to engage the viewer into the mindset of a psychological thriller. Whatever their reasoning, more often than not, the portrayal is inaccurate. There is however a film that I have chosen that borderlines accuracy to a degree. Girl Interrupted is based on the memoirs of an actual person who was diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder. Although an adaption of her biography with the usual artistic liberties, it can be used as a case study in the theory of psychology. I intend to show the similarities between borderline personality disorder verses bipolar disorder. Susanna Kaysen, with whom the movie was based, was diagnosed as borderline back in 1967, if she were seen today by a mental health professional, would she now be considered bipolar? Borderline Personality Disorder or Bipolar Disorder Susanna Kayson was a young woman who was admitted into Mclean hospital at age 18 after a suicide attempt. A movie called Girl Interrupted was made chronicling her stay at this hospital. There she was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. In the movie although they portrayed some of her symptoms accurately, it focused more on her friendship and experiences with other patients instead of her in particular...
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...Multiple personality disorder is a disorder that is often confused with dissassociative identity disorder for the reason that they both are characterized by the disassociation that a patient/inflicted individual experience; however, multiple personality disorder holds itself a personal definition that suggests that it is a disorder in which 2 or more personalities exist within the inflicted individual, both of which taking turns in controlling the individual’s behavior and consciousness.1 Multiple personality disorder has been seen throughout all of history as different types of behavior, ranging from inappropriate to highly respected forms as the cultures in which they are recognized differ. In the Paleolithic era, shamans would often tell stories through cave paintings of their own experiences of animal embodiment, and such experiences are analyzed to be instances of MPD. Demonic possession in many cultures has also been attributed by researchers to misunderstandings of the behavior of individuals with Multiple Personality Disorder. It is important to note that the last two occurrences of MPD were actually, and in some places today, are still appreciated as established and reputable practices. The earliest reporting of a case of Multiple personality disorder was by a male named Eberhardt Gmelin in 1791, when he describes a young woman to have spoken French perfectly, and with an French accent when speaking German, but then she would seemingly turn into a German woman who could...
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...Case Study: Theodore Bundy Jeana Avery PSY 410 University of Phoenix Jan 27, 2010 Case Study: Theodore Bundy This paper will look at the case study of the serial killer Ted Bundy, who had antisocial personality disorder. Background of Bundy’s life will be provided, as well as the definition and criteria of antisocial personality disorder. Last, the paper will look at the biological, emotional, and cognitive causes of antisocial personality disorder. Background Theodore Bundy was born November 11, 1946 in Burlington, Vermont. Bundy never knew his biological father, and was raised in his early years by his grandparents, who Bundy believed were his parents. Bundy’s mother, whom he believed to be his sister, eventually took Bundy from his grandparent’s home and remarried. Three children resulted from his mother’s marriage to Johnnie Bundy, and Ted Bundy reacted with anger, resentment, and jealousy. Bundy did well in school, attended Sunday school, and was an avid skier. However, Bundy was haunted by his illegitimacy, and his mother’s resentment towards him. Bundy’s step-father would become violent when provoked, and Bundy felt overlooked, unsupported, and ignored. As a child, Bundy looked at naked pictures of women, obsessed about material possessions, and was humiliated by his family’s economic status. Due to Bundy’s lack of social skills, Bundy was shy, introverted, and felt inferior to others (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). “I am the most cold-blooded son...
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