...To start the lab each student was required to have on a pair of goggles, long pants, and an apron on at all times. First, start by receiving four sterile nutrient agar plates then writing on each perimeter of the agar plates, with a sharpie, the student's initials, instructor name, class period, and the product being tested on the bottom of the agar plate. Be sure that the bottom of the agar plate stays facing up. Next, get two sterile cotton swabs and dip the tips of each swab into the culture tubes. Be very careful when using the cotton swabs, do not let the tips touch any human skin. After dipping the cotton swab, lightly rub the swab in a horizontal zig-zag pattern then a vertical zig-zag pattern. Repeat the same pattern on each agar plate and use a different bacteria-infected swab for each agar plate....
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...The Effect of Calcium on Hatching Brine Shrimp Eggs science fair project will investigate how the addition of various amounts of calcium to brine shrimp eggs will affect their hatch rates. I was drawn to this area because I have an interest in how several outside factors can affect the nature of a process. My hypothesis for this lab is that the larger amount of calcium added into a petri dish will result with a faster hatching rate due to the extra nutrients. The independent variable of this lab is the concentrations of calcium, while the dependent variable is the brine shrimp eggs hatch rate. The constant is petri dish A that will have no calcium added. I plan on measuring this rate through observing the individual petri dishes every twelve hours under a magnifying glass and counting the number of eggs that hatch. The science of this lab can be traced back to the background...
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...Nelson Bumrungkul Planaria Regeneration Lab Report Planaria are a type of flatworm that could reproduce itself or with other planarian. They are asexual creatures and belong in the Turbellaria class. They could also be referred as a Dugesia, their second name. Planaria could be found in many parts of the world, living in both saltwater and freshwater ponds or rivers. Planaria are carnivores and eat mainly tiny worms or snail, they could also eat themselves. Planarians are known for their extraordinary ability to regenerate their missing body parts. They have two eyes, which are used to detect light. They use their eyes to get away from the light and the light source. Planarians have three layers of germs ( ectoderm, mesoderm,...
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...the following questions: - what did you do in the lab (purpose), and - how did you do it? (The effects that rotation has on motion of geophysical fluids (ocean, atmosphere) was investigated through comparison of motions in a stationary tank (no rotation), and a rotating tank (to simulate rotation of the Earth). This tells me what the purpose was (examine effects of rotation), and what was done to study it. - what is it important for? (It is important to study these effects, because understanding the motion of the ocean and atmosphere is imperative to marine science. For example, the ocean currents and environments that depend on them determine the species diversity of a certain area, and knowing those greatly improves our understanding of marine biology.) Try to find a good reason for the lab - for example, studying sediments was important, because knowing our past climates can help us better predict the future and avoid or mitigate consequences of climate change. Or, knowing about sediment transport can help us predict how coastal environments might look in the future, so we are able to predict the kind of...
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...treatment so one of the samples in the study is untreated, and should contain a greater amount of antibiotic resistant bacteria and the sample that is further along in treatment phase should contain a smaller number of antibiotic resistant samples. The study should demonstrate that, as the wastewater moves through the stages of treatment, less antibiotic resistant bacteria should be detected. The samples should demonstrate that even with treatment, there are still antibiotic resistant bacteria present. Two samples were collected from a local Wastewater Treatment Plant and were taken back to the lab where further study could be done on the types of bacteria that were present. The samples were taken at different stages of treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine what, if any types of antibiotic resistant bacteria were present in the wastewater. The samples taken were processed in the lab, and then agar plated to produce colonies. The colonies were separated using the quadrant streak method to grow individual colonies. These individual colonies were sampled with inoculating needles to determine if there were any single bacterial colony present that was antibiotic resistant. The concentration of ARB was way greater in the semi-treated wastewater than in the untreated wastewater. 86% were resistant to ampicillin in the untreated and 63% in the semi-treated this showed that there was only a 23% reduction. There was only a 26% out of 50% reduction in erythromycin, 13% out of 44%...
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...MicroBiology- MLT1 LabPaq / Published by: Hands-On Labs, Inc. sales@labpaq.com / www.LabPaq.com / Toll Free 866.206.0773 A Laboratory Manual of Small-Scale Experiments for the Independent Study of Microbiology 50-0222-MB-01 LabPaq® is a registered trademark of Hands-On Labs, Inc. (HOL). The LabPaq referenced in this manual is produced by Hands-On Labs, Inc. which holds and reserves all copyrights on the intellectual properties associated with the LabPaq’s unique design, assembly, and learning experiences. The laboratory manual included with a LabPaq is intended for the sole use by that LabPaq’s original purchaser and may not be reused without a LabPaq or by others without the specific written consent of HOL. No portion of any LabPaq manual’s materials may be reproduced, transmitted or distributed to others in any manner, nor may be downloaded to any public or privately shared systems or servers without the express written consent of HOL. No changes may be made in any LabPaq materials without the express written consent of HOL. HOL has invested years of research and development into these materials, reserves all rights related to them, and retains the right to impose substantial penalties for any misuse. Published by: Hands-On Labs, Inc. 3880 S. Windermere St. Englewood, CO 80110 Phone: Denver Area: 303-679-6252 Toll-free, Long-distance: 866-206-0773 www.LabPaq.com E-mail: info@LabPaq.com Printed...
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...communication to split up to obtain an equal amount of the varying substances. In addition decomposing organisms need four key elements to thrive, nitrogen, carbon, moisture, and oxygen. The organisms may have sensed these substances in both the lemon juice and the bleach, so no preference was established. The usage of second messangers could explain this because they are molecules that relay signals obtained at receptors on the cell surface in order propose the arrival of vital substances. Sources of error include that I did not perform enough trials to aquire a definite answer. If I perfomed more trials I would get a wider source of data and be able to determine other factors that are involved in this experiment. Also if others conducted this lab I could have obtained class data for comparing. I also may not have equally allocated the solutions of bleach and lemon juice, and that undermined accurate results. This could be fixed by using a graduated cylinder or a measuring tool that is...
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...This is due to the small size of the Artemia nauplii, and it would have been easier to observe their movement in smaller petri dishes. The coloured filters used to create different wavelengths of light may have caused the light intensity from the torch to have decreased, so the intensity of light may have varied for each wavelength of light. As different torches were used in the two different lab sessions, the light intensity from each torch is likely to have been different. Both of these factors may have reduced the accuracy of this experiments results. Using a more powerful bench magnifier or a microscope would have made observing the brine shrimp easier. It would have also been possible to have more than one brine shrimp per dish if using a microscope, so that the response of a group of brine shrimp to different wavelengths of light could be observed rather than the response of a single brine shrimp. However the light source under the brine shrimps from the microscopes was likely to increase in temperature, creating an uncontrolled variable which may have reduced brine shrimp motility or killed...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General The micro-emulsion inks have a wide range of applications in industry. The ink used earlier for printing purposes contributes to pollution in environment. The pollution is by means of emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are present in the form of an aliphatic solvent. Emission of VOCs from these solvents and their discharge in waste streams are quantifiable. For example a typical medium size cold – set web plant uses 40,000 kg per year of the ink of which 6000 kg is lost as emissions. The plant uses over 10,000 kg per year of cleaning solutions all of which is lost in atmosphere. A typical newspaper uses 100,000 kg per year of ink and emits over 8000 kg of volatile solvents (Maji, 2003). VOC when released into the atmosphere participates in the atmospheric photochemical reactions. Ozone is produced at the ground level when oxides of nitrogen and VOCs react in the presence of sunlight. This is a major component of urban smog, which at elevated levels causes a potential hazard to humans, plants and animals. To overcome the problems of emissions due to solvent-based inks and cleaning of presses, a new type of ink based on vegetable oil has been developed which is biodegradable and environment-friendly. It does not contain aliphatic solvents, and hence its use produces virtually no emissions during printing. Also, this ink contains vegetable oil (castor-oil)-based alkyd resins, which are biodegradable and generate no...
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...What is the function of enzymes in a living system? Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions necessary for life. Without them certain vital processes would not take place and the body would be unable to function. Difference enzymes work better under different conditions. Where in a human body might it be beneficial to have enzymes work in very acidic environments? In areas, like the stomach, that have a pH of two would benefit by having enzymes that function well in acidic environments. An example of such an enzyme is pepsin. There is a large amount of catalase found in a human liver. Does the liver break down more hydrogen peroxide in the summer or winter? Explain your answer. More hydrogen peroxide will be broken down in the summer compared to the winter because higher body temperatures equals more enzyme activity. Many enzymes end with “ase”. Come up with your own enzyme, then name and explain what this enzyme does. Draw the enzyme and the substrate in the space provided below along with the enzyme-substrate complex. My enzyme would be olestrase. It would break down the lipid olestra and make it usable for the human body. Recent advances have allowed humans to mass-produce certain enzymes. Research one such enzyme and explain how this enzyme has been used to benefit society. Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) is a naturally occurring substance which has properties potentially beneficial for preventing cellular damage during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. It plays...
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...The effect of glucose on the growth of mung beans as measured in percentages of glucose mixed in water Annie Spendrup I. Purpose The purpose of this lab was to examine the effect of a glucose-water mixture on the growth and development of mung beans. Different percentages of glucose (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) in 40 millilitres of distilled water were used to water the mung beans. The hypothesis is that seeds watered with a glucose water solution will grow faster and taller than the ones not watered with glucose mixed into the water because the glucose will give extra nutrients for the seeds and will provide extra glucose which will help then grow taller in a shorter amount of time. II. Variables Independent variable The independent variable is how much 10% glucose solution is added to 40 ml of distilled water in order to create 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% glucose solutions to use to water the mung beans. Dependent variable The dependent variable is how quickly it takes for the beans to sprout both roots and sprout. The number of days until the roots and stems sprout will be recorded, as well as how long the sprouts are. Controlled variables What needs to be controlled? Why does it need to be controlled / How would it impact the results? How will it be controlled? Health of the beans when planted If the seeds weren’t in good health throughout the experiment (included in the beginning) the beans would either not grow or would not grow at all. This would skew...
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...Project Report Writing Project title: To show that starch is formed as a result of photosynthesis. Introduction This report writing is about conducting an experiment to show that starch is formed as a result of photosynthesis (testing for starch in a green leaf). It would talk about the aim, list of all apparatus needed and the different methods used. It would also illustrate the three conditions necessary for photosynthesis that is, if carbon dioxide, sunlight and chlorophyll are necessary for photosynthesis. In addition, a test would be carried out to demonstrate that starch is formed as a result of photosynthesis. Last but not the least, outcomes expected from each test carried out would be given in this report after each investigation is done. Plan Plan is to research on relevant information for my project and to produce a written report at the end. I would be researching about the apparatus and equipments that are required for the experiment. Would ensure good lab practice is followed at all times when a test is being carried out. I would research on methods or procedures that are needed to carry out the experiment. Again would be carrying out practical work in each session to improve the design of the project. I would also research on conditions necessary for photosynthesis, which is to investigate the need for carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. Last but not the least; investigate if the necessity of sunlight and chlorophyll are necessary for photosynthesis. Aim ...
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...Raymond Swayze Comp II In 2004, 7,266 blood stem cell donations and 1,126 cord blood units were provided in desperate need. More than 50,000 patients worldwide have received blood stem cells from an unrelated donor(WMDA). Different types of stem cells have the ability to heal many types of damaged human tissue. There’s only one type of stem cell that can almost guarantee it can fix any kind of tissue. This is known at the embryonic stem cell. The only way to obtain these cells is by taking them from the embryo, which will ultimately kill the embryo. To some people this is considered a form of abortion. This is such a hot topic because people have to choose to either save a current life, or kill a future life it. Of course there are two sides to every argument. One side is for it and one side is dead set against. Is the price of stem cells worth saving a life? In every opinion you form you must first realize how stem cell research works. The definition of a stem cell is an undifferentiated cell. This means the cell has no true function. Stem cells are placed along specialized cells. Specialized cells include, but not limited to the following, skin cells, muscle cells, or any other cell that plays a specific role in the human body. In the Multiple Scleroses disease the myelin protecting the neuron is missing. When myelin is missing there is constant pain. In a study in 1998 at the University of Wisconsin researchers gathered a group of mice that were genetically deficient...
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...BACTERIA AND ANTIBIOTICS LAB REPORT Bryan Bennett Ms. Johnson Biology 09 period 8 March 12, 2013 Introduction: 1. Eubacteria -Has cell wall with peptidoglycan -They can live nearly anywhere on earth (sky to underground) -Unicellular -Prokaryotic -Reproduce Asexually Archaebacteria -Cell wall without peptidoglycan -Live in environments without oxygen (anaerobic) -Prokaryotic -Unicellular -Reproduce Asexually -Oldest bacterial form -Unique lipids in their cell membrane -DNA sequence is more like other Eukaryotes than other bacterial types (eubacteria) 2. Bacteria are classified into four groups: * PHOTOAUTOTROPHS * PHOTOHETEROTROPHS * CHEMOAUTOTROPHS * CHEMOHETEROTROPHS 3. 4. Many bacteria are heterotrophic which is to thrive off other organisms. The type of bacteria that causes disease are heterotrophic parasites. There are also many harmless bacterial parasites, many of which can be helpful to their hosts. Autotrophic bacteria manufacture their own food by chemosynthesis and photosynthesis. In aerobic respiration a series of reactions convert glucose to carbon dioxide and water and give off energy. Free oxygen is required as the final acceptor for electrons and hydrogen to form water. Bacteria, able to grow in the presence of oxygen, are called aerobic bacteria. Pseudomonas is an example of aerobic bacteria. In anaerobic respiration free oxygen isn’t required. Organic compounds are the final electron acceptors in anaerobic...
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...Karen Bleile Genetic Report for Designer Babies Biology 111-112 / J. Thomson October 30, 2012 In the 21 century the term designer babies made the transition from sci-fi movies into the real world where it is defined as “a baby whose genetic makeup has been artificially selected by genetic engineering combined with invitro fertilization to ensure the presence or absence of particular genes or characteristics.” (Oxford University, 2005) Breeders of animals and plants have been using this technique to “produce organisms that will possess desirable characteristics, such as high crop yields, resistance to disease, high growth rate and many other phenotypical characteristics that will benefit the organism and species in the long term.” (Butler, 2012) We need to pause and ask ourselves if we start to cross breed the human race what are the moral or ethical limits, if any, and should we apply guidelines in allowing people to choose their children’s genes or characteristics when designing a baby. In many science fiction movies the subject of having genetically modified humans or creatures are often brought up. The creative author has the ability to give their characters any traits they want. They have the power to make the characters stronger, faster, more intelligent, to specify how they look, or simply be superhuman. Now imagine the scenario if the stories cease to lie in just the films we...
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