...A CRITIQUE OF THE RESEARCH EVEDENCE ON ERADICATION OF POLIO IN PAKISTAN & INDIA Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Challenges that were faced 6 The impact of Social mobilization 9 Making the influencers a part of the programm 10 The role of media 11 Conclusion 11 References 12 Abstract Ever since the year 1988, there has been a challenge going on to eradicate polio. This has been possible because of the Global Polio Eradication Programme. This initiative has used various media resources to make people aware of the ill effects of polio thereby allowing immunization to take place all over the world so that this harmful disease can be combated. However one of the most challenging tasks that were faced during this initiative was to reach the far flung places which were poor in economy and had very little access to health facilities so that polio could be completely eradicated. The program used various strategies combined with research and innovation so that they could gain access to populations that had been unreached (Adedeji, Marquez, Moore & Gonzalez, 2007). Here in this analysis we shall be reviewing the challenges that came while conquering the polio battle in both India and Pakistan during the years of 2000 up to 2007. This case study will delve upon the following points: 1. The epidemiological aspect of polio 2. The data analysis 3. Strategies of communication used to make people more conscious It also deals about how...
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...Case Studies Johnnathan Johnson EDU 620 September 30, 2012 Michael Horn Throughout this six week course, Meeting Individual Needs with Technology, we have researched the spectrums of Assistive Technology available for the individual and the classroom, and researched the different types of disabilities and how the Assistive Technology can aid students in navigating life and succeeding as individuals. Case Study #1 Emily is a five-year-old female student who is visually impaired. Emily has low vision and has some independence. She is able to see letters and numbers with amplification. In the past, Emily has been enrolled in a Head Start class with typical peers. Emily experienced great success in her preschool classroom. She had access to assistive technology that assisted her in participating in most activities within the class. Emily will be starting kindergarten in the fall. She will be in a general education class with typical peers. Emily’s parents, and her IEP team, expect her to be fully included in most activities. Please describe assistive technologies that will allow Emily to have access to grade level content and to participate with her peers in the classroom. For Emily’s case, with her weak vision she would be considered to have a sensory disability, or visual impairment which would affect her academics, and keep her from the average experience of a typical student in a day of the average life. Fortunately, for both visual and auditory sensory...
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...Millennium Development Goal INTRODUCTION The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight international development goals that all 193 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve by the year 2015. The aim of the MDGs is to encourage development by improving social and economic conditions in the world's poorest countries. They derive from earlier international development targets, and were officially established following the Millennium Summit in 2000, where all world leaders present adopted the United. The Millennium Summit was presented with the report of the Secretary-General entitled ‘We the Peoples: the Role of the United Nations in the Twenty-First Century’. Additional input was prepared by the Millennium Forum, which brought together representatives of over 1,000 non-governmental and civil society organizations from more than 100 countries. The Forum met in May 2000 to conclude a two-year consultation process covering issues such as poverty eradication, environmental protection, human rights and protection of the vulnerable. A major conference was held at UN headquarters in New York on 20–22 September 2010 to review progress to date, with five years left to the 2015 deadline. The conference concluded with the adoption of a global action plan to achieve the eight anti-poverty goals by their 2015 target date. There were also major new commitments on women's and children's health, and major new initiatives in the worldwide...
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...tertiary care hospitals in India. Equally important is the lower cost of world class treatment at a fraction of what it costs in the Western or so-called developed countries. In addition, there is no waiting period for any of the major surgical interventional procedures in the corporate hospitals in India. There are several dynamic internal and external factors which hinder medical tourism in India. The future of medical tourism in India is exceptionally promising. There are abundant opportunities for corporate tertiary care hospitals to follow the example of hospitals in the Texas Medical Center is securing substantial gifts from selected Indian and international patients to improve the infrastructure and thus patient care and promote research. This can be accomplished...
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...knowledge of HIV increased 28.5%, and physician attended deliveries increased 15%. Conclusions This evaluation documented the significant and substantial impact of the community IMCI programme on both knowledge and practice in rural areas of Armenia. Consideration should be given to continuing and expanding this project as a complement to health sector development activities in this region. Impact of a community-based integrated management of childhood illnesses (IMCI) programme in Gegharkunik, Armenia 1. Michael E Thompson1,* and 2. Tsovinar L Harutyunyan2 +Author Affiliations 1. 1 Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA. 2. 2 Center for Health Services Research and Development, American University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia. 1. * Corresponding author. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223–0001, USA. Tel: +1–704–687 8980. E-mail: methomp1@uncc.edu • Accepted September 18, 2008. Next Section Abstract Background Maternal and child health status in the Martuni region of Gegharkunik marz, Armenia, precipitously declined following Armenia's independence...
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...Section A: Basic Microbiology 1 SCOPE AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN MICROBIOLOGY “Science contributes to our culture in many ways, as a creative intellectual activity in its own right, as a light which has served to illuminate man’s place in the uni-verse, and as the source of understanding of man’s own nature” —John F. Kennedy (1917–63) The President of America The bacterium Escherichia coli INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE MICROBIOLOGY is a specialized area of biology (Gr. bios-life+ logos-to study) that concerns with the study of microbes ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification. Microorganisms are microscopic (Gr. mikros-small+ scopein-to see) and independently living cells that, like humans, live in communities. Microorganisms include a large and diverse group of microscopic organisms that exist as single cell or cell clusters (e.g., bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths) and the viruses, which are microscopic but not cellular. While bacteria and archaea are classed as prokaryotes (Gr. pro-before+ karyon-nucleus) the fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths are eukaryotes (Gr. eu-true or good+ karyon-nucleus). Microorganisms are present everywhere on earth, which includes humans, animals, plants and other living creatures, soil,water and atmosphere. Microorganisms are relevant to all of our lives in a multitude of ways. Sometimes, the influence of microorganisms on human life is beneficial, whereas at other times, it is detrimental. For example...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REPORT ON TWEGAITE EFFORTS FOR BUSOGA DEVELOPMENT By Dr. Bakama BakamaNume, Chair, Busoga Twegaite, Houston, Texas, Dr. Fred W. Alibatya, Chair, Twegaite Inc. – New Jerseyand Mr. John Kizito-Kalema, Chair, Twegaite, Minneapolis, MN. History and Accomplishments Purpose By the time of this report Twegaite has three announced chapters: (1) Twegaite Inc. – New Jersey, (ii) Busoga Twegaite – Houston, TX and (iii) Twegaite – Minneapolis, MN. Twegaite has had two international conventions: Houston, May 22nd – 26th and Minneapolis, May 22nd – 25th. The three chapters are unanimous in purpose and resolve to develop Busoga. Just note that both Houston and Minneapolis made Twegaite truly international. (i) New Jersey Chapter At the May 21st – 25th , 2009 Twegaite second International Convention in Minneapolis, MN, the banquet speaker Betsy Waibi Zikusoka spoke of the history and purpose of Twegaite as a concept and an organization. She also highlighted some of the achievements the organization had scored in specific projects back in Busoga. “I shall try my best to give you the history of Twegaite” she said. “Twegaite came about as a result of a meeting that was held in Princeton Junction, one Sunday afternoon, in October 1998. We figured that as a group the idea of trying to give back to our community in Busoga and Uganda at large was not a bad one. It is a non-political group and the name Twegaite means, "Let's unite." Membership is open to anybody in the world who subscribes...
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...Philippine Institute for Development Studies A Study of Philippine Hospital Management Administrative Systems Fred Avestruz DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES NO. 95-16 The PIDS Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions. They are being circulated in a limited number of copies only for purposes of soliciting comments and suggestions for further refinements. The studies under the Series are unedited and unreviewed. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute. Not for quotation without permission from the author(s) and the Institute. June 1995 For comments, suggestions or further inquiries please contact: The Research Information Staff, Philippine Institute for Development Studies 3rd Floor, NEDA sa Makati Building, 106 Amorsolo Street, Legaspi Village, Makati City, Philippines Tel Nos: 8924059 and 8935705; Fax No: 8939589; E-mail: publications@pidsnet.pids.gov.ph Or visit our website at http://www.pids.gov.ph A STUDY OF PHILIPPINE HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMS PIDS Project No. DOH / 91-92 / 05 (Final Report) October 30, 1994 Fred S. Avestruz, MBA, Ph.D. Asian Institute of Management TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Page INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 1 1.1 Objectives of the Study .................................................. 1 1.2 Conceptual Framework of Hospital Management .....
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...GlaxoSmithKline company profile Francis Weyzig Amsterdam, October 2004 Summary Business description GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) is one of the world’s largest research-based pharmaceutical corporations that discovers, develops, manufactures and markets branded human health products. Headquarters: UK, with additional operational headquarters in the USA Global presence: about 160 countries Primary markets: USA, France, Germany, UK, Italy and Japan Employees: approximately 103,000 GSK key figures for 2003 (in £ million) Sales 21,441 Materials and production costs 4,188 Marketing and administration 7,563 R&D expenditures 2,770 Operating income 6,920 Net profit 4,765 GSK has two main business divisions, pharmaceuticals and consumer healthcare. This profile deals with the pharmaceuticals division, which generates 85% of GSK’s sales. The five largest selling GSK products are Seretide/Advair for asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD); Paxil/Seroxat and Wellbutrin, both antidepression drugs; Avandia/Avadamet for type 2 diabetes; and the antibiotic Augmentin. Each of these drugs generated above £800 million of sales in 2003. GSK produces a broad range of products of special importance to developing countries, including: Anti-malaria drugs Zentel (albendazole), for de-worming and the prevention of lymphatic filariasis Pentosam, against leishmaniasis Anti-retrovirals (ARVs) for the treatment of HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis drugs Vaccines for developing countries Corporate...
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...Laboratory biosafety manual Third edition World Health Organization Geneva 2004 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data World Health Organization. Laboratory biosafety manual. – 3rd ed. 1.Containment of biohazards - methods 2.Laboratories - standards 3.Laboratory infection - prevention and control 4.Manuals I.Title. ISBN 92 4 154650 6 (LC/NLM classification: QY 25) WHO/CDS/CSR/LYO/2004.11 This publication was supported by Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number U50/CCU012445-08 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC. © World Health Organization 2004 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning...
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...FOREWORD In a span of only five years, the population of the Philippines grew by 7.7 million – from 68.8 million in 1995 to 76.5 million in 2000. During this period, the population growth rate (PGR) was 2.36 percent per year, which means the population doubling time will be within 29 years if the rate does not decline (NSO, 2001). Side by side with rapid population growth is poverty, which still grips about a third of the country's 15.3 million households (NSO, 2001a). This Country Report is timely in that it revisits the link between population/development and poverty, environment, and resources. The Report has two purposes. First, it intends to review the Philippine population/development situation, including issues of reproductive health and gender equity, from the perspective of goals affirmed in the Bali Declaration, the ICPD Program of Action and other related documents. The report's second purpose is to highlight priority population issues in the context of alleviating poverty and improving the quality of life of Filipinos. To reduce poverty significantly within the coming decade, the Philippines must face the challenge of building the capacities of its vast human capital. Only in this way can Filipino families, especially the poor, meaningfully, responsibly, and productively participate in the development process. CONTENTS |FOREWORD ...
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...developmental psychology. Because of time limitations, none of these topics can be covered in great depth. The reference textbooks and the material presented in class will serve as the primary sources for the material to be covered. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGY Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. It is an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behaviour. Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental illness. It is largely concerned with humans, although the behaviour and mental processes of animals can also be part of psychology research, either as a subject in its own right (e.g. animal cognition and ethnology), or somewhat more controversially, as a way of gaining an insight into human psychology by means of comparison (including comparative psychology). Origins of the psychology Near the end of 19th century things started drawing together. Questions raised by philosophers were being examined by physiologists, and vice versa. a. What is the relationship between the mind and the body? b. Why do people loose their minds? What is insanity? c. How do we perceive things? Why are their perceptions of the same stimulus different? d. What affect do our experiences have on us? How important are environmental influences versus characteristics and predispositions we are born with...
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...i GOVERNMENT OF UGANDA Ministry of Health HEALTH SECTOR STRATEGIC PLAN III 2010/11-2014/15 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD BY MINISTER OF HEALTH .......................................................................................... IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... V LIST OF ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................. VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ IX 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 CONTEXT AND RATIONALE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE HSSP III ..................................................................... 1 1.2 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FOR THE HSSP III ............................................................................................................ 1 2. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 SECTOR ORGANISATION, FUNCTION AND MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 The Ministry of Health and national level institutions .........................................................
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...Clinical guidelines Diagnosis and treatment manual for curative programmes in hospitals and dispensaries guidance for prescribing 2010 EDITION © Médecins Sans Frontières – January 2010 All rights reserved for all countries. No reproduction, translation and adaptation may be done without the prior permission of the Copyright owner. ISBN 2-906498-81-5 Clinical guidelines Diagnosis and treatment manual Editorial Committee: I. Broek (MD), N. Harris (MD), M. Henkens (MD), H. Mekaoui (MD), P.P. Palma (MD), E. Szumilin (MD) and V. Grouzard (N, general editor) Contributors: P. Albajar (MD), S. Balkan (MD), P. Barel (MD), E. Baron (MD), M. Biot (MD), F. Boillot (S), L. Bonte (L), M.C. Bottineau (MD), M.E. Burny (N), M. Cereceda (MD), F. Charles (MD), M.J de Chazelles (MD), D. Chédorge (N), A.S. Coutin (MD), C. Danet (MD), B. Dehaye (S), K. Dilworth (MD), F. Fermon (N), B. Graz (MD), B. Guyard-Boileau (MD), G. Hanquet (MD), G. Harczi (N), M. van Herp (MD), C. Hook (MD), K. de Jong (P), S. Lagrange (MD), X. Lassalle (AA), D. Laureillard (MD), M. Lekkerkerker (MD), J. Maritoux (Ph), J. Menschik (MD), D. Mesia (MD), A. Minetti (MD), R. Murphy (MD), J. Pinel (Ph), J. Rigal (MD), M. de Smet (MD), S. Seyfert (MD), F. Varaine (MD), B. Vasset (MD) (S) Surgeon, (L) Laboratory technician, (MD) Medical Doctor, (N) Nurse, (AA) Anaesthetist-assistant, (Ph) Pharmacist, (P) Psychologist We would like to thank the following doctors for their invaluable help:...
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...NINTH EDITION Burton’s MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE HEALTH SCIENCES Paul G. Engelkirk, PhD, MT(ASCP), SM(AAM) Biomedical Educational Services (Biomed Ed) Belton, Texas Adjunct Faculty, Biology Department Temple College, Temple, TX Janet Duben-Engelkirk, EdD, MT(ASCP) Biomedical Educational Services (Biomed Ed) Belton, Texas Adjunct Faculty, Biotechnology Department Temple College, Temple, TX Acquisitions Editor: David B. Troy Product Manager: John Larkin Managing Editor: Laura S. Horowitz, Hearthside Publishing Services Marketing Manager: Allison Powell Designer: Steve Druding Compositor: Maryland Composition/Absolute Service Inc. Ninth Edition Copyright © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 1996 Lippincott-Raven, © 1992, 1988, 1983, 1979 JB Lippincott Co. 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in the People’s Republic of China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees...
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