...Both dimensions are based on what one's believes about oneself. Our personal identity encompasses those characteristics we believe we hold, while social identity involves an attachment to a larger community or group that holds meaning for oneself. To develop a positive self-concept we must hold positive beliefs about our personal identity and our social identity (Barry, 1999). Unfortunately, Aboriginal people have had their social identity compromised by what is referred to as “acculturation stress.” This type of stress occurs when a culture is forced or expected to adopt the values and beliefs of another culture. This has been known to result in significantly negative consequences including, but not limited to, increases in mental health issues like anxiety and depression, segregation and marginalization from mainstream society, increased cases of substance use, reduced self-esteem, and loss and confusion of culture and identity (Barry, 1999). Peter Menzies, of the Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, explains that substance abuse is a reaction to a loss of self-respect and confused identity. Menzies goes on to say that [substance abuse is] a coping mechanism . . . many young people feel no hope;...
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...Effects of Urban Migration on Aboriginal Peoples Independent Study Seminar Project Since the start of the Residential School era, urban migration, the process of people moving from rural areas to cities, among Aboriginal peoples has been a common practice for many. Whether it is for educational or work-related purposes, this practice continues on today. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of urban migration on Aboriginal peoples and whether these effects have positively or negatively impacted their lives. The reason for leaving, how leaving affected migrants emotionally and/or mentally, social impacts, opportunities, challenges, impacts of family/life at home, and native culture were all factors looked at to determine the...
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...Factors affecting quality of life Factors that affect a person’s quality of life may be physical or emotional. While these factors are important for everyone, it is especially important that care workers ensure that certain factors are present for individuals in their care. These include: • Physical factors: exercise, diet, physical comfort, safety, hygiene, pain relief • Intellectual factors: stimulation, engaging in activities • Emotional factors: privacy, dignity, approval, psychological security, autonomy • Social factors: social contact, social support. Physical life quality factors These include: • Exercise • Diet • Physical comfort • Safety • Hygiene • Pain relief Physical comfort By physical comfort we mean the provision of a suitable environment which meets an individual’s needs, i.e not too hot, not too cold, comfortable beds/chairs, the right amount of stimulation, not too noisy. Ensuring physical comfort may also mean: • providing the care required to maintain comfort, such as allowing peace to sleep • having the correct height furniture • changing a baby’s nappy regularly to prevent nappy rash and so the baby is not uncomfortable • moving a bedridden individual regularly to prevent soreness. Diet All people need food to survive. The amount and types of food they eat can affect their quality of life, particularly if they have...
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...one million people in Canada identify themselves as an Aboriginal person, according to the 2006 Census.” (Indigenous Nationhood) Although many Aboriginal peoples in Canada identify as being Aboriginal, many Aboriginal peoples struggle to maintain or gain a sense of cultural identity due to the Canadian Governments assimilation policies. Throughout this paper I will discuss how the Indian Act, the Canadian Residential School System, and the Sixties Scoop assimilated Aboriginal peoples into a European way of life, by attempting to integrate them into society by abolishing their Aboriginal identities. This assimilation process impacted Aboriginal peoples in negative ways throughout the generations socially, culturally, and economically. The negative impacts within child welfare system, educational institutions, and the socio-economic status of Aboriginal peoples today, prove assimilation and the total integration of Aboriginal peoples within mainstream society is unacceptable. Decolonization techniques should be applied within those areas in order combat the long lasting effects of assimilation by colonization. Decolonization will also help enable Aboriginal peoples to regain a cultural identity. The 1876 Indian Act was created as a way to control and assimilate Aboriginal peoples. “The Indian Act, by itself, was simply a tool used by the Government of Canada to exercise near-total control over First Nations people.” (Coates, 2008, p. 4)The Indian Act decided who was...
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...University of Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Campus. The variables under consideration were the academic performance (student’s grades/marks) as a dependent variable and the gender, age, faculty of study, schooling, father/guardian social economic status, and residential area, medium of schooling; tuition trend, daily study hours and accommodation trend were independent variables. The data were collected from 100 students through separate structured questionnaire from different departments of Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus using the simple random sampling technique. For analysis, linear regression model, correlation analysis, and descriptive analysis were used. The findings revealed that age, father/guardian social economic status and daily study hours significantly contribute the academic performance of graduate students. A linear model was also proposed that will be helpful to improve the academic performance of graduate students at University level. 1. Introduction Students academic gain and learning performance is affected by numerous factor including gender, age, teaching faculty, students schooling, father/guardian social economic status, residential area of students, medium of instructions in schools, tuition trend, daily study hour and accommodation as hostelries or day scholar. Many researchers conducted detailed studies about the factors contributing student performance at different study levels. Graetz (1995) suggested “A student educational success...
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...Residential schooling and Indian Boarding schooling have both been used throughout Canada and America. It was said to be a solution for the “Indian problem”. For many others who attended, it was a time of abuse and desecration of culture. The first residential school opened in the 1800’s. Under the Indian Act, it became mandatory for every Indian child between the ages of 4 and 16 to attend a residential school or boarding school and it is illegal for them to attend any other educational institution. There are two objective views that the government wanted to establish with these schooling systems. The first one is to isolate the children from their families, so they can be converted and educated into the “white” culture. The second view is...
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...House arrest, residential programs, and balanced probation. House arrest is conducted through an electronic GPS monitoring system that uses an ankle bracelet to send signals directly to the police department. Individuals offered this form of punishment are forced to remain within a specified range of the receiver located at the individual's residence. When the individual moves out of range, the tracking device immediately contacts the police department displaying a violation and officers are sent to apprehend the violator. Residential programs on the other hand, consist of group homes, foster homes, boarding schools, and an apartment-type environment. Juveniles involved in these programs may be provided with counseling, educational-job training opportunities and are usually placed with other juveniles in a family structured setting guided by professional staff members. The balanced probation treatment focuses on teaching the juvenile to take responsibility for his, or her, actions through community-based corrections. Furthermore, each community-based correction is tailored specifically for the individuals needs and the type of offense committed. House arrest allows the juvenile to remain within the community, family members, and continue with any educational and employment the juvenile may be involved with at the present time. Moreover, house arrest is far less expensive than incarceration and those giving this opportunity pay for the services themselves. Residential programs are...
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...Reconciliation Payments for All Indian Residential School Survivors CANADIAN BAR ASSOCIATION February 2005 PREFACE The Canadian Bar Association is a national association representing 38,000 jurists, including lawyers, notaries, law teachers and students across Canada. The Association’s primary objectives include improvement in the law and in the administration of justice. This submission was prepared by the National Aboriginal Law and the National Alternative Dispute Resolution Sections of the Canadian Bar Association, with assistance from the Legislation and Law Reform Directorate at the National Office. The submission has been reviewed by the Legislation and Law Reform Committee and approved as a public statement of the Canadian Bar Association. The Logical Next Step: Reconciliation Payments for All Indian Residential School Survivors Executive Summary At its Annual Meeting in August 2004, the Canadian Bar Association adopted a resolution1 calling for the government to go beyond the existing Indian Residential Schools Dispute Resolution process to provide a base payment to all survivors of Indian Residential Schools. The CBA recognizes the tragic legacy of Indian Residential Schools and the failure of the current options of either litigatio n or the dispute resolution process to resolve the situation. The harms caused by Indian Residential Schools are still profoundly felt by the individual students who attended the schools, as well as their families, communities...
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...without children support local public schools? Linking house price capitalization to school spending ✩ Christian A.L. Hilber a,b,∗ , Christopher Mayer c,d a London School of Economics, Department of Geography and Environment, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK Spatial Economics Research Centre (SERC), UK Columbia Business School, Uris Hall #808, 3022 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA d NBER, USA b c a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 19 October 2007 Revised 19 September 2008 Available online 27 September 2008 JEL classification: H4 H7 I2 R31 Keywords: Capitalization Elderly Land supply School spending While residents receive similar benefits from many local government programs, only about one-third of all households have children in public schools. We argue that capitalization of school spending into house prices can encourage even childless residents to support spending on schools. We identify a proxy for the extent of capitalization—the supply of land available for new development—and show that towns in Massachusetts with little undeveloped land have larger changes in house prices in response to a plausibly exogenous spending shock. Towns with little available land also spend more on schools. We extend these results using data from school districts in 46 states, showing that per pupil spending is positively related to the percentage of developed land. This positive correlation persists only in districts...
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...for different land uses, which are used in municipal land-use planning. Land uses, from residential / commercial / industrial , agricultural / and open space, largely determine the different revenues and expenditures of the municipal government because they generated different amounts of revenue from being taxed at different rates. Expenditures also vary from municipal services because different services need to be provided per use like education, police protection, fire protection, roads, and other infrastructural uses. The basic methodology of CCS studies is to first partition land uses into three classes: residential, commercial / industrial, and agricultural / open-space. Expenditures and revenues from the municipal budget are then allocated to the three different land-use categories. Although the specific methodology for fiscal allocations differs among CCS studies, the final result is always a ratio of expenditures over revenues for each of the three land uses. For example, a residential ratio of 1.2 means that for every U.S.$1.00 of revenue raised from residential land uses, U.S.$1.20 of expenditures is spent on residential land uses. Studies then report a separate ratio for residential, commercial/industrial, and agricultural/open-space land uses. A general finding of CCS studies is that commercial/industrial and agricultural/ open-space ratios are less than one while residential ratios are greater than one. For the Skagit County’s COCS method was similar to the one...
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...been written for me by another person except where such collaboration has been authorized by the lecturer concerned. H. MulambaSIGNATURE | Instructor’s Comments: GRADE [ ] | In this assignment we are going to look at the effects of poor ethical standards of an organization in the way it deals with the community of the environment in which it operates. And then suggesting solutions in which to the problems that may arise from poor ethical standards of an organization. According to the Business Dictionary, ethics are the basic concepts and fundamental principles of decent human conduct. Ethics includes the study of universal values as the essential equality of all men and women, human or natural rights, and obedience to the law of the land, concern for health and safety and for the natural environment. An ethical person is a good citizen at home, at school or work, and in the community. The community is an individual’s neighborhood, town/city, school or workplace, state, nation, and the world. An ethical person is caring. He...
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...14 November 2011 Bill is a 38 year old man whom most of his adult life has been spent in and out of prison. He is very articulate and appears to be quite intelligent. We sat down to talk, and I asked him what had happened in his life that had led him to a life of trouble? He stares at the floor, sighs and then begins to talk. “I didn’t have a father to guide me” he exclaims. His father had abandoned him and his teen mother when he was just months old. Bill’s mother had to quit school and go to work to support him. He jumped from babysitter to babysitter throughout his childhood. His mother was forced to work two jobs and was absent most of the time. There has been occasions when his mother was without work and they ended up on welfare. With his father not in the picture and his mother at work most of the time, he found himself seeking refuge with the wrong crowd of people. He got involved with drugs, and started selling them to support his habit, and ended up dropping out of school. Bill practically grew up alone, with no guidance, discipline or supervision. He has a son, whom was born out of wedlock, and has no contact with him. In spite of his apparent intelligence and with no formal education, he is not able to get a decent job. He works here-and-there doing manual labor, but he is going nowhere. He considers himself a failure and suffers from depression. Bill has tried to locate his father to ask him why he did not want him, and why he had abandoned him...
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...B. Rottke European Business School Using data from three countries that differ economically, culturally, and geographically, this study examines the role of Prospect Theory’s reflection effect, a psychological factor, in combination with Uncertainty Avoidance (UA), a cultural factor, on the choice of mortgage products. Experiments were conducted using business professionals in the United States, Germany, and Japan. The results suggest that risk-averse people tend to become more risk seeking, leaning more toward adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) when choosing a mortgage type, and that this psychological effect may underlie the mortgage choices of people who tend to choose ARMs, even across countries with different cultures. Keywords: Adjustable-rate mortgage, Fixed-rate mortgage, Prospect theory, Uncertainty avoidance, Experiment INTRODUCTION In terms of household risk management, the choice of a residential mortgage is one of the most significant decisions to make. At the end of second-quarter 2005, the value of outstanding U.S. residential mortgages was $8 trillion, 65% of the 2005 GDP (Federal Reserve Board of Governors [2005] In Germany, the residential mortgage debt ratio as a percentage of GDP was 51% at the end of 2006 (European Mortgage Federation). In Japan, the value of outstanding residential mortgages was 190 trillion Yen in 2005, which was 36% of the GDP (The Government Housing Loan Corporation, Japan) The choice of residential mortgages, which determines...
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...Children who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HoH) experience unique challenges in public school settings. They often face academic and social obstacles that their normal hearing peers do not encounter. D/HoH adolescents especially tend to have less positive notions about themselves. Often they feel isolation and alienation from peers in inclusive classrooms because of the language barrier. Due to this, social interactions that could foster feelings of belonging and friendship with hearing peers are limited. During adolescent, children tend to shift their allegiance from their family to their peers. Peers provide them with social support and validate their self-worth. The D/HoH student who is unable to establish positive social interactions will most likely have trouble with his or her self-esteem, self-concept, and the ability to self-advocate. Audiologists can provide personal adjustment counseling to their clients who are dealing with the social and psychological adolescent developmental issues such as self-esteem, self-concept, and self-advocacy (Rall & Montoya, n.d.). History of Deaf Education in America The education for Deaf children in America primarily consisted of private tutoring or schooling in Europe in the early eighteenth-century. European schools used the oral method, which made use of speech, lip-reading, and written language to facilitate learning. They also used the manual method that used signs and writing. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet visited the...
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...Depressive will interfere with daily life and normal functions. This disorder plays effect of the person dealing with it as well as other surrounding that cares for him or her. Depressive disorder is just not passing a blue mood. People suffering with this disorder cannot physically pull themselves together to get better. The exact cause of depression is still unknown, but there are many factors that can increase the risk of developing this condition. A family history of depressions could possible increase the risk. Major events, positive or negative, can cause stress and lead to depression. For example, getting married, having a new baby, starting a new job are positive things but can be very stressful. Losing a job, retiring, or getting a divorce are negative events that may could cause depression. Serious illness, like cancer, may trigger. Or other personal problems such as social isolation can also contribute to the risk of developing depression. Each person is different and the treatments may vary. The most common is being put on medication. There are several different types, and finding the right on for you to help you get better is the key. All medication may have side effects and it is important to look into the best solution for the person. Psychotherapy is when you would talk about your condition and relate issues with a professional. They will help you cope and solve problems, replace negative thought with...
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