...Support Material GCE Psychology OCR Advanced GCE in Psychology: H568 Unit: G544 This Support Material booklet is designed to accompany the OCR Advanced GCE specification in Psychology for teaching from September 2008. Contents Contents 2 Introduction 3 Scheme of Work - Psychology : H568 : G544 5 Lesson Plans - Psychology : H568 : G544 27 Other forms of Support 35 Introduction Background A new structure of assessment for A Level has been introduced, for first teaching from September 2008. Some of the changes include: • The introduction of stretch and challenge (including the new A* grade at A2) – to ensure that every young person has the opportunity to reach their full potential • The reduction or removal of coursework components for many qualifications – to lessen the volume of marking for teachers • A reduction in the number of units for many qualifications – to lessen the amount of assessment for learners • Amendments to the content of specifications – to ensure that content is up-to-date and relevant. OCR has produced an overview document, which summarises the changes to Psychology. This can be found at www.ocr.org.uk, along with the new specification. In order to help you plan effectively for the implementation of the new specification...
Words: 6449 - Pages: 26
...PSY 4012 *New outline* Top of Form Group 1: how philosophy lead to psych- greek myths-Sigmund Freud- Rationalism vs. empiricism (science)- evolutionary theories Group 2: Behaviorism-Lab setup/ experiments- political- social economic aspects-1890- 1913 John B. Watson - neo- behaviorism Group 3: Cognitive Revolution- political - social -economic aspects-"mind back in psych"- 50s, 60s, 70s Group 4: Modern Psych; applied practice/science - how psych maintains to be a science - applying psych to life settings - do we still follow same premise psychology was founded on? Economics and Psychology: From Imperialistic to Inspired Economics, by Bruno S. Frey and Alois Stutzer http://www.bsfrey.ch/articles/362_01.pdf The Psyche as Behavior ARTURO, C. A. (2013). The Psyche as Behavior. Revista Colombiana De Psicología, 22(2), 377-387. http://remote.baruch.cuny.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=93598506&site=ehost-live Behaviorism Moore, J. J. (2011). BEHAVIORISM. Psychological Record, 61(3), 449-465. http://remote.baruch.cuny.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=65033133&site=ehost-live Topics: * Behaviorism * Lab setup/ experiments * Political – social - economic aspects * 1890- 1913 * John B. Watson * Neo- behaviorism Section 1: Brief Discussion on the history of behaviorism. What is behaviorism? How was it seen as a stepping...
Words: 892 - Pages: 4
...PSYA1 - Developmental Psychology (Attachment) Exam Questions 1. Outline individual differences in attachment. Attachment has been shown to be different to each human being. It is possible to generalise characteristics but no one has the exact same qualities. Schaffer and Emerson (1964) found out that some babies enjoyed cuddling while others preferred not to be touched. They also found that some children were only securely attached to one person whereas others had multiple attachments. There are two forms of attachment; Secure and Insecure. What determines the type of attachment is how the infant is brought up by their parents/caregivers. Secure attachments are formed when there is a positive bond between the child and caregiver, such as comfort and feeding. Insecure attachments are formed when there is a negative bond between the child and caregiver. They occur when there is neglect, lack of comfort or malnutrition. 2. Outline two behaviours that are characteristics of a securely attached child. When a child is securely attached, they will show certain characteristics and behaviour. In the company of a caregiver, a child is happy and content. They will feel safe in their presence. However, if they are separated then the infant will be distressed. Upon reunification with the caregiver, they will return to their former behaviour of happiness. The infant will also prefer their parents to strangers. 3. Identify two cultural variations in attachment. Individualist cultures...
Words: 1030 - Pages: 5
...indications and positions of the stars and other heavenly bodies’’ (Encyclopaedia Britannia, vol. 2, p. 575, 1956). Psychology helps to analyse why people check their horoscopes, why they believe in it and how they respond. The birth of psychology was when the Babylonians, they created an astrological chart which meant they could then predict when the seasons would come and also when meteor showers, comets, solar and lunar eclipses occur. Later on...
Words: 1331 - Pages: 6
...Social Psychology: Prosocial Behavior Social psychology is one of the wide topics in sociology that have been widely studied. Social psychology is the study of human behavior in a social context. Stangor (2013) has described social psychology as the scientific study of how people think, feel and behave around people and how people’s feelings, thoughts and behaviors are influenced by these people. It aims at studying and explaining how individual personalities change due to social groups. Social psychology helps one understand how individuals fit in the society. Social psychology exists in our daily life. When we make friends, when we argue with friends, how we live with people and relate with them, are all examples of social psychology. There are different study areas in social psychology and they are; prosocial behaviors, prejudice, discrimination and diversity, self and social behavior, social influence, cultural links, psychology of gender and violence, conflict resolution and peace. In this paper I will discuss prosocial behavior. Prosocial behavior is the opposite of anti-social behavior. While anti-social people will exclude themselves from the society, are selfish and don’t contribute much in conversations, prosocial people are philanthropic, obedient and cooperate with others. Prosocial behavior has been described as the phenomenon where people help each other, either willingly or with a hidden motive. Prosocial behavior should not be confused with altruism, which is...
Words: 2266 - Pages: 10
...Investigating Psychology 1 TMA02 Outline the similarities and differences between Milgrams (1963) obedience study and Burgers (2009) replication. This essay will look at an important key psychological experiment carried out by the renowned social psychologist Stanley Milgram which was carried out in the early 1960’s (Banyard 2012) to determine how far ordinary people would go to inflict pain to a fellow human based on instruction from an authority figure, and that of the replication of the experiment which was carried out by Burger in 2009 (Byford 2014) to determine if the same level of obedience was still applicable in the 21st Century, as was observed in the original study some 40 years earlier. The essay will look at some of the key similarities and differences between the two studies. For the purpose of this essay only the base studies will be discussed. Milgram’s motivation to study this trait in human behaviour came from the atrocities that took place during WW2, and the trial of Adolph Eichmann who in his defence said he was ‘simply following orders’ (Banyard 2012) to carry out the mass murders. Milgram asked himself ‘how can ordinary people who are courteous and descent in everyday life act callously, inhumanely without limitations of conscience?’ Milgram on Milgram (part 1): Obedience experiments (The Open University, 2014) Milgram devised his obedience study. He developed a laboratory based experiment to determine how far a participant in the experiment would go inflicting...
Words: 1536 - Pages: 7
...Outline of Portfolio Josephine Yadao Capstone Course in Psychology PSY/490 Mr. Darriel Mc Whorter December 18, 2014 Psychological theories are the foundation of psychology they give us an understanding of the many aspects within this science. Theories help to explain the connection between the mind and body. Theories teach psychologists and therapists how to help others with mental illnesses. Behaviorism Behaviorism is mental activities, such as emotions that may motivate an individual to act in a certain way. An example, such as when an individual is in pain, it is likely that he or she you will scream, cry, or yell in pain. Behaviorism became very popular and is just one of the many schools of thought within psychology developed to explore and explain observable behavior. Behaviorism as described by its founders is the subject matter of human psychology and the behavior of animals and humans. Behaviorism argued that consciousness is neither definite nor a useable concept and that only the observable behavior of the animal or human being studied was the basis of psychology. The most influential people in behaviorism are considered to be: Watson, Skinner, and Pavlov. These scientists pioneered the study of behavior with experiments, and expanded upon the knowledge already existing from previous notable scientists. However, the problem with this school of thought is that it suggests that only observable behaviors should be studied, since internal states such as cognitions...
Words: 1072 - Pages: 5
...This essay will define stress and stressors. It will also explain the how stress can affect an individuals and outline and evaluate the at least two models of stress. It will explore how stress can be measured and outline and evaluate two models of stress and stressors. Stress is a pressure or force exerted on an object according to engineers and physicians (Gross r,Mcilveen r and Cooligan2000). Lazarus and folkman (1984) define stress as “a pattern of negative physiological states and psychological response occurring in a situation where people perceive threats to their well-being which they may be unable to meet” (Grossr,Mcilveen r and Cooligan 2000). There are different views of stress. Stress as a “stimulus” which means it is applied to the person or stressor and it is in the environment. This relates to the engineering model of stress identified by Cox (1978)(blackboard).secondly stress is seen as a “response”, the body identifies stress as a reaction made within the body(Blackboard).Selye 1956 defines stress as “the non-specific response of the body to any demands made upon it” this relates to the physiological model of stress(Blackboard). Finally stress is viewed as an interaction, in this view stress is seen as a transaction between environment and the individual and this relates to the “transactional model of stress” (Blackboard). The ability to cope with stress and the meaning people give to stressors will define the stress experienced (Blackboard).How people react...
Words: 2707 - Pages: 11
...Compare and Contrast Perspectives Kelly A Rodriguez Psy/310 3/10/2014 Katrina Ramos Compare and Contrast Perspectives As the evolution of psychology has evolved so has the perspective of the different fields of psychology. Each thought, each view point has been reevaluated and new theories added but the values and core foundation and thoughts of the past are still held strong. Behaviorist such as John Watson, B.F Skinner, and Edward Tolman were some of the most historic men in the field of psychology; although they may be a thing of the past they set a foundation for future psychologists and the schools of thought. John Watson’s Perspective John Watson a young scholar was born in 1878, at the age of 16 Watson began his college education and graduated with his masters at 21. (Cherry, 2014). After working for a year as a school principal he decided to go back to school to study philosophy at the University of Chicago where he met two men a psychologist by the name of Henry Donaldson and a functionalist psychologist by the name of James Rowland Angell. (Cherry, 2014). Watson respected and admired the theories of these men, taking what he learned from them he came up with his own thoughts and theories which drove him to the theory of behaviorism; this theory is what began Watson’s career where he founded the psychology school of behaviorism. (Cherry, 2014). Watson’s behaviorism is the “learning perspective” of all organisms that deal with the act of feeling, thinking...
Words: 1435 - Pages: 6
...Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 6(3), pp. 46-70 www.ejop.org Is It You or Is It Me? Contrasting Effects of Ridicule Targeting Other People Versus the Self Leslie M. Janes Brescia University College James M. Olson University of Western Ontario Abstract In this paper, we describe a program of research on the topic of ridicule, which explored the differing effects of observing either ridicule directed at other people or selfdisparaging ridicule. In three studies, participants listened to humor that either ridiculed another person, ridiculed the self (the person expressing the humor), or involved no ridicule. Results in two studies showed that observing ridicule that targeted another person led participants to conform more to the alleged attitudes of others and to behave in ways suggesting a heightened fear of failure, compared to self-ridicule or no ridicule. In contrast, results in a third study showed that observing self-disparaging ridicule led participants to generate more creative ideas, compared to other-ridicule or no ridicule. The implications of these “inhibiting” effects of other-ridicule and “disinhibiting” effects of self-ridicule are discussed. Keywords: ridicule, disparagement humor, self-ridicule, conformity, creativity Ridicule is defined as “the act of making someone the object of scornful laughter” (Webster‟s New World Dictionary, 2002). This type of humor is common in modernday society. It is a staple in late-night comedy shows, political...
Words: 9372 - Pages: 38
...me, should I be like you or unlike you? The effect of prior positive interaction with the group on conformity and distinctiveness in consumer decision making.” ! Name: Lavinia Rusu Student ID: 4485335 ! ! Table of Contents ! 1. Abstract .....................................................................................2 2. Introduction ................................................................................3 3. Summary of Article ........................................................................3 a. Conformity. Distinctiveness. Interaction within a group .................3 b. Experiment .........................................................................4 c. Structure ............................................................................5 4. Analysis. Conformity vs. Distinctiveness.............................................5 5. Global Business Consumer Behaviour .................................................8 6. Conclusions .................................................................................9 7. References.................................................................................10 8. Bibliography ..............................................................................11 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !1 ! 1. Abstract The following report has the aim of critically analysing the “If I want you to like me, should I be like you or unlike you? The effect of prior positive interaction with the group on conformity and distinctiveness...
Words: 3576 - Pages: 15
...Media psychology seeks to understand how the media and the growing use of technology impacts how people perceive, interpret, respond, and interacts in a media rich world. Media psychologists typically focus on identifying potential benefits and negative consequences of various forms of technology and promote the development of positive media.[1][2][3] This field of psychology investigates the types of psychological impact on humans caused by a wide range of media such as social media, online education, virtual classrooms, entertainment consulting, traditional media interviews, in providing on camera expertise, virtual and augmented reality therapies, consumer products, brand development, marketing, advertising, product placement and game theory. ------------------------------------------------- Academic discipline[edit] Media psychology is a specialized area of psychology that emerged as an academic and professional discipline in response to the expansion of media and technology and the demand for research needed to explain the potential impact on human welfare. Psychology is fundamental to understanding the influence of individuals and groups on the integration of technology in our society.[4] In general, this field attempts to encompass the full range of human experience of media-—including developmental, cognition, and behavioral—using extensive research that contains numerous empirical and qualitative studies.[5] It recognizes the that people are not just passive consumers...
Words: 2220 - Pages: 9
... | |Psychology | |[pic] | |Outline | |History | |Subfields | |Basic types | |Abnormal | |Biological | |Cognitive | |Comparative | |Cultural | |Differential | |Developmental | |Evolutionary | |Experimental | |Mathematical | |Neuropsychology | |Personality | |Positive ...
Words: 2723 - Pages: 11
...PSYCHOLOGY and your life chapter 1 introduction to ps ychology 2 chapter outline A Gift of Life It was every subway rider’s nightmare, times two. Who has ridden along New York’s 656 miles of subway lines and not wondered: “What if I fell to the tracks as a train came in? What would I do?” And who has not thought: “What if someone else fell? Would I jump to the rescue?” Wesley Autrey, a 50-year-old construction worker and navy veteran, faced both those questions in a flashing instant yesterday and got his answers almost as quickly. Mr. Autrey was waiting for the downtown local at 137th Street and Broadway in Manhattan around 12:45 p.m. He was taking his two daughters, Syshe, 4, and Shuqui, 6, home before work. Nearby, a man collapsed, his body convulsing. Mr. Autrey and two women rushed to help, he said. The man, Cameron Hollopeter, 20, managed to get up, but then stumbled to the platform edge and fell to the tracks, between the two rails. The headlights of the No. 1 train appeared. “I had to make a split decision,” Mr. Autrey said. So he made one, and leapt. Mr. Autrey lay on Mr. Hollopeter, his heart pounding, pressing him down in a space roughly a foot deep. The train’s brakes screeched, but it could not stop in time. Five cars rolled overhead before the train stopped, the cars passing inches from his head, smudging his blue knit cap with grease. Mr. Autrey heard onlookers’ screams. “We’re O.K. down here,” he yelled, “but I’ve got two daughters up there...
Words: 17380 - Pages: 70
...PSY111- Foundations of Psychology for Health and Human Services Workbook- Assignment 2 Sonia Chiciak Student No.11534832 Word Counts (excl. citations) provided for each section. PSY111- Foundations of Psychology for Health and Human Services Exercise 1- Memory Question 1- Summary: (253 words) Grant, H. M., Lane, B.C., Clay, J., Ferrie, J., Groves, J.E., McDorman, T. A., Dark, V.J. (1998). Context-dependent memory for meaningful material: information for students. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 12, 617-623. This study tested whether the environmental context dependency effect is seen through test performances where matched and mismatched study and test noise conditions were used. Throughout the study, the researcher used the same text to test the difference context dependency has on short answer (recall) and multiple choices (recognition). Using previous research that has shown that characteristics of environment are encoded in the memory, and can be used to retrieve other information; the researchers changed whether or not there was general background noise in controlled study and test conditions and measured the results based on performance in the test. Overall, studying and testing in the same environment resulted in better performance than in mismatching studying environments. This study also found that, unlike in Smith (1986, as cited in Grant 1998), the context dependency effect for newly learned material is seen regardless of whether short answer or...
Words: 3291 - Pages: 14
