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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Carl Jung (1875 – 1961)

Synthetic happiness is an unconscious process that can help individuals to cope with not getting their every wish fulfilled (Gilbert 2009). This has links to Freud’s ego and superego as they help to manage the id which demands that its every wish is catered for.

In self-management it could be useful as it would help individuals recover from setbacks. This correlates to Maslow’s hierarchy as it can help individuals to reach self-actualisation by making them more secure in their self-esteem.

However, none of these theories are 100% successful as they are subject to individual personality differences in both employees and the manager. In addition these are theories which do not always translate well to the