...Crime and Punishment sect. 00002 | Racial Profiling | Negative effects of race on law enforcement | Presented to Dr. Gina De Iaco | Presented by Lara Ipekian 1228828 | 11/7/2014 | | Abstract Practicing racism is the act of discriminating due to different pigmentation of skin color or culture. Racial profiling is when a person of legal authority uses their racist prejudices on a civilian while making decisions. It is hypothesized that racial minorities of a population are judged prior to knowing details about the case due to the color of their skin. There are numerous researchers who have provided enough information in order to prove that racial profiling is still an issue for either juror, policeman or any other figure of legal status. Studies show that minorities are treated unfairly in court and on the roads since the first gun law. Introduction The following dissertation will be discussing the issue of unequal distribution of law enforcement in correlation to racism. It is an atrocity that a horrible mentality created centuries ago is still being used against ethnicities in the 21st century. All races should be considered as equal to one another, whether white, black, yellow or even purple. We, humans, share the same planet. Under our skin, we share identical functioning. Somewhere between our pigmentation and our culture we have lost our rationality. For some reason, the media exposes more crime from minorities, creating prejudice. It is important...
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...Ethnicity of Juvenile Offenders Shawndena Redmond University of Phoenix CJA/423- Rita Lazar July 18, 2011 Race and Ethnicity of Juvenile Offenders Juvenile crime in the United States has reached an epidemic; the overwhelming amount of juvenile offenders ensures a booming corrections industry, unfortunately with those figures come racial and ethnic disparities. To completely understand why disparities are important, one must attempt to comprehend the base causes for the enormous amount of juvenile crime in the United States. Many developments within the criminal justice system have helped reduce the amount of racially induced arrests; however, nothing has been presented to reduce the root causes for the crime levels and the disparities that still exist. The following paper will discuss juvenile justice statistics, legislation of racial bias in the juvenile justice system, racial disparities, and root causes as well as possible solutions. Statistics To understand the evidence that is currently available, nationally, is very important when discussing disparities of a juvenile offender's race and ethnicity. The most recently available statistics are those of 2007 for juvenile offenders. First, one must understand that many cases of juvenile arrests are not reported to the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) of the Federal Bureau of Investigations due to a variety of state and federal limitations on juvenile information...
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...others they are different and should be treated as such. When it comes to disparity its definition states that it is inequality in form or a difference. When it comes to discrimination its definition states that it is an action that treats someone inferior because of their race, sex, national origin or age. Do these actions take place in the world of criminal justice for example in law enforcement practices, court procedures or correction populations? Law Enforcement Practices Law enforcement is an admirable job and any individual who takes on this job role should be appreciated and respected. But what should citizens do when disparity and discrimination become intertwined and a part of the law enforcement job? An issue among law enforcement for decades has been racial profiling; this issue is the reason why many judicial consent decrees have been designed, to help start avoiding racial profiling dating back from the late 1990’s (Kupferburg, 2008). The disparity among the treatment of races when it came to racial profiling was very difficult to miss. There has been certain events that have altered even how a police officer will treat an individual for instance the 9/11 attack against the American people in New York. Anybody who was seen even remotely close to a...
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...White men” (DeVry, 2015). This topic is critical to the study of cultural diversity because of the racial disparity among the young African American males in the criminal justice system and the lasting effects of incarceration. This research paper will unveil the truth about why African men in this age group are much more likely to be sent to prison than are people of White or Latino descent. . African American men are often charged and prosecuted more aggressively than White or Hispanic men. This paper will also reveal the adverse mental and physical health endured by black males during incarceration and upon release. Recent studies indicate that inadequate education and low socioeconomic status has a direct correlation between black males and crime. As the United States becomes an increasingly diverse nation, many studies confirm racial inequalities exist amongst judges, lawyers and legislation. This creates the very serious concern of racial profiling. While racial profiling is illegal, studies prove that black males are more likely to be stopped and searched. New York State is only one of two states that automatically processes, prosecutes and incarcerates 16 and 17 year-olds as adults. Legislation proposal, “raise the age” of criminal responsibility to 18 years old. This movement will ensure that most youths are tried in the juvenile court system rather than the adult court system. I applaud Governor Cuomo and the widely publicized initiative that will decrease recidivism...
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...There is racial and criminal profiling. Racial profiling is the practice of targeting people for based on their race, religion or ethnicity for crime suspicions by police officers. Criminal profiling is the use of features believed to be connected to criminal activities. Law enforcement is significantly affected by profiling. Police officers use racial profiling to determine the individuals to the stop and frisk on suspicion of illegal goods and for minor traffic violations. It is mostly directed to people of color. The terrorist attacks in the nation have led to targeting of Arabs without substantial evidence of criminal activities. These actions are injustices against the people...
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...There has always been tension raised between maintaining a safe society and observing by the constitutional right of its citizens. People have always criticized the aggressive way police officers prevent crime. The African American and Hispanic communities have concerned about racial profiling when referring to crime and sentences. They have commented that discrimination and color blind will never end. The 4th amendment of the us constitution enforce the notion that all man is created equal, it also protects people against arbitrary arrest, and the basis of the law regarding search warrants, stop and frisk and safety inspections. However this controversy of discrimination and racial profiling against minorities and people of color will never end. Black and Hispanic will always be racially profiled when referring to blame someone about any situation. There will always be big stark racial disparities is what define American’s relationship with the death penalty and people of color. That’s why many people argue that the criminal justice system affirmatively depends on inequality. Traditionally courts around the United States have shown that they all have been designed to prosecute adult offenders, juveniles are treated differently, they are not seen as criminals, and they are seen as delinquents and...
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...Endnotes 1. Mauer, M. (2006). Race to Incarcerate. 2nd Ed. New York: The New Press, p. 13. 2. Throughout this manual, we use terms such as “racial groups” and “minorities” interchangeably, with an understanding that many, but not necessarily all, of the dynamics of the criminal justice system apply to various racial and ethnic groups. 3. Leinfelt, F. H. (2006). Racial Influences on the Likelihood of Police Searches and Search Hits: A Longitudinal Analysis from an American Midwestern City. Police Journal, 79(3): 238–257. 4. Office of Justice Systems Analysis (1995). Disparities in Processing Felony Arrests in New York State: 1990–1992, Office of Justice Systems Analysis, New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services. 5. Sabol, W. J., and Couture, H. (2008). Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007. Washington, D.C. Bureau of Justice Statistics. 6. U.S. Census Bureau (2007). 2006 American Community Survey. Available online at: http://www.census.gov/acs/ www/index.html. 7. Sabol and Couture, op. cit. 8. U.S. Census Bureau, op. cit. 9. Bonczar, T. P. (2003). Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974–2001. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics. 10. Snyder, H. (2006). Juvenile Arrests 2004. OJJDP Bulletin: Washington, D.C.: National Disproportionate Minority Contact Databook. 11. Federal Bureau of Investigation (2007). Crime in the United States, 2006. Washington, D.C. 12. Spohn, C. (2001). Thirty Years of Sentencing Reform: The Quest...
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...Racial Profiling & Police in Canada Secondary Research Abskortski, Milen. "The Pluralism Project at Harvard University." Harvard University. Web. 2 Dec. 2015. Definition: * racial profiling refers to the discriminatory practise of law enforcement that is designed to target individuals for suspicion of crime based on his or her race, ethnicity, beliefs, religion or national origin History of Racial Profiling & Police in Canada Policing over the Past 40 Years * extends from systematic issues debated in court processes to prison practises and routine aspects of policing outside of legal institutions * aallegations that the Canadian criminal justice system is racially biased, were made at various junctures by different groups over the past several decades * Since the early 1900’s, racial profiling by the police has been highly dominant. Public complaints, legal actions, empirical research and a number of high-profile incidents had brought several police practices to the forefront of the debates on racial bias of policing in Canada Stereotypes Associated with Racial Profiling Stereotyping becomes a particular concern when people act on their stereotypical views in a way that affects others. This is what leads to profiling. Although anyone can experience profiling, racialized persons are primarily affected. Typically, but not always, profiling is carried out by people in positions of authority, and can occur in many contexts involving...
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...the prison population in the U.S. African Americans have a 32 percent chance of serving time in prison at some point of time in their lives, Hispanic males have a 17 percent chance, while white males a 6 percent chance (Fisher, 2010) . Such disproportions of incarceration rates gives reason to believe that minorities, especially African Americans commit the majority of crimes requiring incarceration or the fact that our justice system is flawed to the point where it singles out a specific racial or ethnic group. The question of why there are so many minorities especially African Americans being held in our criminal justice system leads one to question? Are African Americans predisposed to commit criminal actions or is the criminal justice system set up to arrest and prosecute them more frequently. The premise of justice is that everyone is treated fairly in the eyes of the law. The question being asked is if minorities are being targeted unfairly by the police by using such practices as racial...
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...Civil Rights Project Final CTU CJUS 201-4 May 14, 2013 Abstract This paper discusses the scenario provided by CJUS 201-4 dealing with the discussion of civil rights and how this is reflected by a situation such as real life decisions and the consequences regarding the civil rights of the individuals involved in a possible crime of robbery. The paper will discuss the factors to consider when determining if civil rights have been violated, if there was sufficient cause for officers to stake out the store, reward of damages to victim, racial profiling, and citizen review boards. In addition, this paper will discuss the recommendation for types of oversight systems, when you would reach out to an oversight system, the pros and cons of these systems and legal issues that may arise for an oversight system. Phase 4: Civil Rights Project Part One In 1957 The Civil Rights Division in the Department of Justice was created after the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. This division works to uphold all the constitutional and civil rights of the citizens of the United States, especially those Americans, which are the most at risk members in society. This division enforces all federal statutes barring discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, familial status and national origin (Civil Rights Division, 2013). According to US Legal (2013) civil rights are guaranteed by the Bill of Rights, which includes the 13th and 14th Amendments. These...
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...behavioral interventions to students with disabilities and behavioral issues, and how the removal from school makes it more difficult for students to reenter school if they are removed from the educational setting due to behavioral issues as well. Also, the article discusses how effective interventions and programs that reduce risk and enhance protective factors for youth can be a plus for shrinking educational gaps. Lastly, the article explains how schools employ preventative detention that excludes students from school for being a potential danger rather than developing the idea to help these students with their problems; suggesting that this is a form of racial profiling in schools. Critique: This article does well explaining the actions of how schools remove students from their educational settings through different racial tactics. What stood out the most in this article was the section discussing how students who are removed from school experience an enormous difficulty reentering school. This is that it explains that these students fall behind academically in courser work; increasing their chances of dropping out of school. The article stated, “In one city, within a year of re-enrolling in high school, nearly two-thirds of the first-time ninth graders and over three-fourths of the repeat ninth graders who were incarcerated and returned to school will either withdraw or drop out of school. Therefore, this section in the article helps support the argument that suspensions and...
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...RUNNING HEADER: American Prisons 1 The American Prisons and Judicial Systems Megan Pierce English Composition 122 Professor Angela Temple September 23, 2013 American Prisons 2 There’s no question about the about the racial disparity in America’s prison system. More than 60 percent of people in prison are now racial and ethnic minorities. For black males in their thirties, one in every ten is in prison or jail on any given day. These trends have been intensified by the disproportionate impact of the “war on drugs,” in which two thirds of all persons in prison for drug offenses are people of color. Guerin, P., Harrison, (2011) Washington, D.C: Bureau of Justice statistics. American prisons have a disparity of minority inmate population. Is this trend due to a higher rate of minority crimes, or the manner in which the judicial system operates? Some people have negative views about the people in the inner cities where disproportionate numbers of impoverished and African Americans live. Robert Right, an evolutionary psychologist believed the high rate of young African American men in prison is due to their adaptation to poverty. Conservatives think poverty is due to African American sub culture that is pathologic. Harvard professor James Wilson claimed, “The reason why it is called an underclass is that its members have a bad character: they mug, do drugs, and desert children.” (Miller,1996). There is a recurring idea that the inner...
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...tracking, Ability grouping: also called tracking standardized testing Rodriguez v. San Antonio: says that quality education is not guaranteed by the us constitution only a desk Property tax: taxes on residential and commercial property in a school district to fund the school, Foundations: A way to funnel private money into a school The Houston Miracle: the basis for no student left behind, ended up being a lie 2. Crime and the Criminal Justice System. a. Types of crime (and examples) and extent of crime: UCR, NCVS, comparison, trend, resources/cost. b. Street crime: perception and treatment and pressure on CJ system, consequences. c. CJ system and the poor: public defenders, contract system, court appointed lawyer, plea bargaining. d. CJ system and race: racial profiling, disproportionate arrests and convictions,...
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...be stereotyped by the color of their skin; as it is believed that, one can learn all they need to know about a person, just by their skin. Stereotyping is the evil monster no one wants to admit to, seeing how it is constitutionally wrong, it’s easy to pretend it’s not a part of our everyday lives. The other side to this that nobody wants to admit, is that the people stereotyped the hardest are people of color. Stereotyping people of color is so common, that it is has become so forcibly embedded into American society, that its presence in law enforcement, social media, and community finds it to be natural. Taking a backseat view to stereotyping people of color make it clear just how serious it is. Although banned in the United States racial profiling is often used in law enforcement. the number one group that is pursued in stop and frisk situations are young African American males (NYCLU 2.) in new York the epidemic got so bad that the law was made officially, that police officers could no longer stop and frisk solely because of ethnicity and gender under the fourth amendment (Cornell 1.) while this is an active law several men of colored are still subjected to this act. For a long time men of color were not allowed to become officers because it was known that they would stand against such stereotyping. Many had to fight to earn higher ranks in law enforcement. After a long battle, from a time when most law enforcement agencies were nearly if not all white, there are now people...
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...as they develop psychosocially and learn about how life operates. Stevenson argues that giving adolescents life in prison, death row, and other harsh punishments can lead to these kids not being able to evolve or be a part of society. Treating adolescents as adults only when it comes to punishment is unfair and unjust. The restorative justice system focuses on understanding why minors commit crimes and gives these young kids another chance to learn from their mistakes. Society should recognize their true potential for development and enforce more fitting penalties for their behavior, rather than stripping them of their futures with the retributive system. To add on, the justice system is unfair, especially to people of color. In the book, racial stereotypes and social prejudices play a huge part in the reality in the communities that one's race can serve as evidence in...
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