...hairstyle, hand sign or graffiti.” The purpose of a gang is to engage in criminal activity and which uses violence or intimidation to further its criminal objectives. Gangs come in all different types, there are multiple types of gangs; for example motorcycle gangs, prison gangs, hate groups, adult organized crime groups, terrorist organizations and other types of security threat groups. The reasons people tend to join gangs are lack of jobs, poverty, domestic violence, and lack of education. The most common age for youth to join a gang is between 13 and 15. Youth join gangs for various reasons; money, sense of support and belonging, peer status, and a sense of protection are seemingly provided by the gang. Youth in gangs are more likely to abuse drugs, engage in high risk sexual behaviors, and experience long term health and social consequences. The reason that today’s youth join gangs is because of environmental factors, early academic failure and lack of school attachment, and the portrayal of gangs in media. The family environment is very critical to the upbringing of a child and if problems exist within the family then the child will most likely suffer the consequences. For example growing up in poverty, domestic violence, and lack of parental supervision have been known to cause children to behave outwardly. While growing up in poverty the child will...
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...Over the past several years overall crime in the city of St. Louis has dropped dramatically, almost 30-percent. One particular crime however is way up homicides. The city is averaging nearly one murder every two days. A primary cause of this deadly spike is a rise of gangs and gang culture. St. Louis is home to one of America's most active and aggressive gang cultures, helping make it one of the most violent U.S. cities. In parts of North St. Louis and North St. Louis County gangs wage turf wars that, in some cases, run block to block. The impact this has on people living in these neighborhoods is overwhelming. Webster’s dictionary defines violence as exertion of physical force so as to injure or abuse. It is also defined as intense, turbulent, or furious and often destructive action or force. Within the Saint Louis community, our #1 problem in my personal opinion would be violence. Nowadays it is not only violence, but gang-violence and its impact on our future generations. Our future lies in the hands of those who feel that they cannot express themselves without showing some sort of aggression or agitation. This problem must be tackled within the matter of urgency and commitment towards those who have no knowledge or respect for what they take part in. Gangs are defined as group of people who, through the organization, formation, and establishment of an assemblage, share a common identity. Over the years in urban area of Saint Louis, gangs have lost their...
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...Persuasion Theories Dr. Ajilore Head Of Department, Department Of Mass Communication, Babcork University, Ilisan ,Ogun State, Nigeria Ojo Titiloye Oyeyinka Lecturer, Department Of Mass Communication, Tai Solarin University Of Education, Ijagun ,Ogun, Nigeria Nwaolikpe Onyinyechi Nancy Department Of Mass Communication, Babcork University, Ilisan ,Ogun State, Nigeria Akinreti Qassim Olalere Head, Foreign Desk, Voice Of Nigeria And Part-Time Lecturer, Nigerian Institute Of Journalism, Ogba, Lagos, Nigeria Odegbenle Lateef Department Of Broadcast Media, Nigerian Institute Of Journalism, Ogba, Lagos, Nigeria Goke Rauf Head, Mass Communication, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria Jegede Omolayo Station Manager, Babcock University Radio Station And Lecturer, Department Of Mass Communication Babcock University, Ilisan,Ogun State, Nigeria Tsebee Asor Kenneth Department Of Mass Communication, Al Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Abstract: Several studies have been on the impact of media violence on aggressive and violent behavior. Researches on effect of media violence have proved that heavy exposure in films, videos, televisions and movies can increase the risk of behaving violently. This paper is an escursion of selected media violence theories -social learning theory, catharsis theory and cultivation theory, and Persuasion theories – Congruity theory, Symmetry theory and Cognitive Balance theory explaining the effect of domestic violence on the Nigerian youths...
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...Chapter one 1.0 Introduction Just a casual look at Nigerian universities these days will suffice to realise that so many social vices have become the order of the day. Chief among these are the twin evils of cultism and indecent dressing. Interestingly, these vices are commoner among the males and females respectively. What probably began as pacification to desires for companionship, protection and security; an innocent imitation of westerners has grown to bedevil sanity and progress on our university today. In this paper, cultism, indecent dressing and some other related social vices will be dealt with in light of their causes, consequences and possible remedial steps. 1.1 Definition of Basic Terms * Social vices * Cultism * Secret cult * Secret societies * Indecent dressing Social vices: Social vices are forms of evil, wicked and criminal actions or behaviours in the society. These are social problems and have been thought of as social situations that a large number of observers feel are inappropriate and need remedying. Social vices are those acts and conditions that violate societal norms and values. Cultism: The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary defined cult as a small group of people who have extreme religious beliefs and who are not part of any established religion. Secret Cult: Ogunade (2002) defined a secret cult as an enclosed organized association or group devoted to the same cause. It is an enclosed group having an exclusive...
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...Entertainment Industry in India has registered an explosive growth in last two decades making it one of the fastest emerging industries in India. Television itself witnessed its transformation from a single government owned channels to a medium telecasting more than 300 national and regional channels. At present Indian film industry or Bollywood is a perfect combination of entertainment and commercial sector, producing close to thousand movies in a year in various Indian languages. Indian film industry supersedes Hollywood in terms of movie production quantity by more than three times. Broadcast Television is going through an extraordinary time of change and challenge. It is still one of the most popular forms of entertainment and information, with the average Indian viewer still watching twenty hours or more per week. But the rapid growth of the internet and interactive media is competing strongly for audiences and revenues. The Indian television industry is dominated by the major broadcasters like Star Group, Zee Group, Sun Network etc., plus a much larger number of less well-known broadcasters and production companies like Sahara, Jaya Tv, Kairali etc. As per the recent report by PricewaterhouseCooopers (PwC), Indians are likely to spend more on entertainment in the coming years with a steady growth in their disposable income. With the introduction of digital distribution platforms like direct-to-home (DTH) and Mobile TV, Indian television...
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...Contents Introduction…………………………….……….…………….…………………... 3 FIRST PART 1. What is Humour?..................................................................................................... 5 2. Humour and Culture…………………………….……………………………...… 6 3. What amuses Britain?……………………………….…….……….………...…… 7 4. Comedy…………………………………………………………………………… 8 4.1 British Comedy………………………………………………..………………..… 9 5. British Television Comedy.……………………………..……………………...… 9 5.1 Sitcom - situational comedy……………………………………………………. 10 5.1.1 Britcom……………………………………………………………….…….…… 11 SECOND PART 6. What makes Britain laugh?..……………………………………………..…… … 11 6.1 Madness & Surrealism………………………………………………………….. .12 6.1.1 Monty Python's Flying Circus…………………………………..………….…… 12 6.2 Political Satire…………………………………………………..…………….…. 14 6.2.1 Yes, Minister……………………………………..………………….……. …….. 15 6.3 The Race……………………………………………………….…………….. …. 17 6.3.1 Da Ali G Show……………………………………………………………….. … 18 6.4. The Family………………………………………………...…………….…… … 20 6.4.1 Only Fools and Horses………………………..……………..……... .. 21 THIRD PART 7. It’s Monty Python!.………………………………………………... ….… 24 8. Manipulation in Political Life……………………………………… ……. 26 9. “Boyakasha!”..................................................................................... 27 10. "This time next year, we'll be millionaires!"………………………. .… ….. 30 Conclusion…………………………………………………………. 33 Appendices Appendix A……………………………………………………………….. 35 Appendix...
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...Sleight of Hand, Sleight of Mind Orson Welles' F for Fake and the Art of the Cinematic Con Orson Welles' 1974 "film essay" F for Fake opens with a scene of Welles, in the role of a magician, performing a sleight of hand trick with a young child, "transforming" the key the young boy has presented him into a coin and then showing how the young boy had the key all the time in his pocket. The magic was the perfect illustration of Welles' purpose in the film. F for Fake was a film about fraud and deceit, about how the makers of art (and, in particular, film) use "trickery" to fool their intended audience into believing something that is not true. The film focuses on three known "charlatans" (Elmyr de Hory, Clifford Irving, and Welles himself) who used their talents to produce such magnificent forgeries that they were able to fool everyone (even so-called "experts") into believing in the truth of their claims. Despite the status of this film as one of Welles' "minor" films from late in his life (it was one of the last films he completed prior to his death in 1985), it has had a tremendous impact on filmmaking, both in a technical sense (the film's complex editing of various film stocks and styles) and in a textual sense. Welles' identification of the ways in which an audience can be manipulated into believing anything as long as it has the "air" of authenticity has had a tremendous impact on current filmmaking, especially in the realm of horror filmmaking with the current crop...
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...is eleven, with his induction into the protest movement that during the next decade won Nigeria's freedom from British rule. The political turbulence of these years framed Soyinka's adolescence and early adulthood, which he chronicles in his most recent autobiographical work, Ibadan, The Penkelemes Years, A Memoir: 1946-1965 (1994). At twelve Soyinka left Aké for Ibadan to attend that city's elite Government College and at 18 entered its new university. But in 1954, his ambition focused on a career in theater, Soyinka traveled to England to complete a degree in drama at Leeds, under the well-known Shakespearean critic, G. Wilson Knight. After graduation in 1957, Soyinka extended his European apprenticeship by working several years as a script-reader, actor, and director at the Royal Court Theatre in London. This period also saw the composition of Soyinka's first mature plays, The Swamp Dwellers and The Lion and the Jewel, and their successful staging...
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... var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-3821842-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); function subpage(sel, title){ var namespce = ""+getselection(sel); if(namespce.trim()=="")return; var url="http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/"+namespce+"/"+title; if(namespce.indexOf('Related')!=-1) url="http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/relationships.php?t="+title; if(namespce.indexOf('Discussion')!=-1) url="http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/remarks.php?trope="+namespce+"."+title; window.location.href=url; } function p5(groupname,title){ window.location.href="http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/p5_report_reason.php?g="+groupname+"&t="+title; } function togglenote(id){ var ele=object(id); var state = ele.style.display; if(state=='none') ele.style.display='inline'; if(state=='inline')ele.style.display='none'; } var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; (function() { var gads = document.createElement('script'); gads.async = true;...
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...rise in personal use for enjoyment, automotive companies seized the opportunities and began building vehicles that were strong, fast, and beautifully. Chevrolet, Ford, and Dodge were vying for the number one muscle car. Out of this battle eventually came the Charger, Challenger, Mustang, and Camaro (just to name a few). However, even these vehicles could not compete with the Chevrolet Corvette. The Vette came out in 1953, the first of its kind. This car had it all: power, beauty, speed, and the price tag. The first 300 were actually hand-made, and made a splash to the American public and their new found wealth (Vettemasters.com, 2014). Along with the car, came one of the most illustrious advertising campaigns ever utilizing paper ads, radio, and even commercials. The ladder companies took years to come out with a comparable, but even those never made it to the stage the Vette has owned for the next four decades. Today, the Vette is still ahead of the American automotive curve; however, is beginning to fall behind its newest rivals from Europe and Asia. This car has the entire American history in its rearview mirror, and needs to decide where to go from here. Currently, it is still the fastest, strongest, and most agile production car for its price....
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...Contents Index 1 User’s manual for Windows & Macintosh ® ® Using a pen Customizing your pen Troubleshooting Using a tablet Customizing your tablet Digital inking Contents Index 1 Contents Index 2 Bamboo™ User’s Manual for Windows® & Macintosh® English version 1.2, March 03, 2008 Copyright © Wacom Company, Limited, 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced except for your express personal use. Wacom reserves the right to revise this publication without obligation to provide notification of such changes. Wacom does its best to provide current and accurate information in this manual. However, Wacom reserves the right to change any specifications and product configurations at its discretion, without prior notice and without obligation to include such changes in this manual. Reuse, recycling, and recovery. You are urged to recycle this product when replacing it with a newer product or when it has outlived its useful life by bringing it to an appropriate collection point for recyclable materials in your community or region. By doing this, you can help improve the environment of your community as well as minimize the potential negative effects created should any hazardous substance that may possibly be present within waste material reach the environment during the disposal process. Within the European Union, users are required not to dispose of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) as unsorted...
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...HTML, DHTML & JavaScript HTML, DHTML & JavaScript PRAVESH – Student Guide Subject: HTML. DHTML & JavaScript V1.0 Training & Development Division Page 1 of 282 HTML, DHTML & JavaScript Chapter 1: Introduction to Web and Internet...................................................................................3 Chapter 2: HTML's Role on the Web...........................................................................................13 Chapter 3: Creating a Web Page and Entering Text ....................................................................24 Chapter 4: Changing and Customizing HTML Text....................................................................33 Chapter 5: Displaying Text in Lists .............................................................................................43 Chapter 6: Adding Graphics to Your Web Pages.........................................................................54 Chapter 7: Hypertext and Creating Links.....................................................................................64 Chapter 8: Clickable Image Maps and Graphical interfaces........................................................74 Chapter 9: HTML Forms..............................................................................................................85 Chapter 10: Images, Multimedia Objects and Background Graphics ..........................................96 Chapter 11: Adding Tables to your Documents.............................
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. Background to the Study Films, generally, serve as a tool for national integration and development. Major types of film are home video, which develop, until now, from what is formerly known as cinema or stage play/drama. As part of mass media, home videos play the important roles of informing, educating, entertaining and transmitting social heritage. Through their educational role, however, home videos concern themselves with evolving a better society by exposing societal ill and wrongs. Since the emergence of home videos, at the turn of the twenty-first century the films industries, and both male and female actors in Nigeria, Nollywood, have considerably influenced the habits, belief systems, style of dressing and other behavioural idiosyncrasies on many Nigerian youths. Thus, one can say, however, that the emergence of home videos have helped to promote the Nigerian cultural heritage; aside this, it has awaken in many youths the Nigerian culture that was once lost during the colonial period. There are also negative effects of home videos on audiences. However, there have been cases where home videos are criticized to the cause for some societal ills. Social critics, who believes in this school of thought says that some antisocial behaviours like violence and extravagant life that many films portrays in their content perceptibly affect the behavior of the audience. Nonetheless, all these sum up to mean that home videos have both positive...
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...rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep, poultry. Labor force: 7.4 million; agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services n.a. Industries: petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur. Exports: $38 billion (2009): crude oil (83.9%), crude materials excluding fuels (8.0%), food and live animals (5.0%). Imports: $55.4 billion (2009): food, medicine, manufactures. Major trading partners: U.S., Spain, Italy, Canada, Syria, Turkey, Jordan (2006). Communications: Telephones: main lines in use: 1.547 million (2005); mobile cellular: 10.9 million (2007). Radio broadcast stations: after 17 months of unregulated media growth, there are approximately 80 radio stations on the air inside Iraq (2004). Television broadcast stations: 21 (2004). Internet hosts: 3 Internet users: 36,000 (2007). Transportation: Railways: total: 2,272 km (2006). Highways: total: 45,550 km; paved: 38,399 km; unpaved: 7,151 km (1999). Waterways: 5,279 km (not all navigable); note: Euphrates River (2,815 km), Tigris River (1,895 km), and Third River (565 km) are principal waterways (2006). Ports and...
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...Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Research Papers Graduate School 8-2014 Nollywood: A Case Study of the Rising Nigerian Film Industry- Content & Production Elizabeth T. Giwa Southern Illinois University Carbondale, toyin.e.giwa@gmail.com Follow this and additional works at: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/gs_rp Recommended Citation Giwa, Elizabeth T., "Nollywood: A Case Study of the Rising Nigerian Film Industry- Content & Production" (2014). Research Papers. Paper 518. http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/gs_rp/518 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Research Papers by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact opensiuc@lib.siu.edu. NOLLYWOOD: A CASE STUDY OF THE RISING NIGERIAN FILM INDUSTRYCONTENT & PRODUCTION by Toyin Elizabeth Giwa B.S., Southern Illinois University, 2010 A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Department of Mass Communication and Media Arts in the Graduate School Southern Illinois University Carbondale August 2014 Copyright by ELIZABETH TOYIN GIWA, 2014 All Rights Reserved REASEARCH PAPER APPROVAL NOLLYWOOD: A CASE STUDY OF THE RISING NIGERIAN FILM INDUSTRY CONTENT & PRODUCTION By Elizabeth Toyin Giwa A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the field of Professional Media and Media Management...
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