...Fatima Haidar AP European History Essay Everyone has a way to express themselves whether it's in writing or in arts such as music, dance, or drawing. During the Renaissance the arts were encouraged. The Renaissance was expressed through Italian art by incorporating religion, science, and math. They made self-portraits and wrote autobiographies. The Renaissance was more secular then the middle Ages, but they were still very religious. Although the Middle Ages wasn't secular, nevertheless during the Renaissance period ideas were expressed in the Italian art because religion was embraced, people valued learning, knowledge, education, self-confidence and secularism grew. Religious artwork such as the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo combines art, religion, science, and faith. It also contains a true connection between God and humans. The Old and New Testaments play a significant role in the painting, in the picture you see God reaching towards Adams' hand and there are angels all around God. It depicts God separated from light and darkness. The Sistine Chapel is a really good picture to use to prove that religion still played a huge role during the Renaissance period. Education also played a role in the artwork contributed during the Renaissance. The Vitruvian Man and The School of Athens are two perfect examples. The Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci not only symbolizes art but it brings math and science into the painting. Leonardo, like most artists of his time, shared this classical...
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...Renaissance Art American InterContinental University Abstract Following the Middle Ages, Europe saw a great revival in the interest of classical learning and in the interest of ancient Greece and Rome. From this came the discovery of new technologies, new continents through exploration, and the emergence of the arts of philosophy, literature, and art. From this time came some of the most world renowned pieces of art, many of which are still on display today, with two such pieces being “The Arnolfini Portrait” by Jan Van Eyck and “Giorgione” by Giorgio da Castelfranco. Renaissance Art From roughly 1400 to 1600 Europe experienced a rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture and with this rediscovery came wealth, both in the monetary fashion and in the art sense. With increasing trade, the discovery of new continents, and new inventions such as the printing press, there was also an increase in the arts. This increase brought about some of the most well known literature, philosophy, and art that is still studied and admired today. Although there are more well known names in the field of art such as DaVinci and Michelangelo there were many more that still have their art on display today such as Jan Van Eyck and Giorgio da Castelfranco. Giorgio da Castelfranco created a painted entitled “Judith” in the year 1504 and is one of many portraits that depicts the scene of Judith of Holofernes from the Biblical legend of Judith. The tale states that...
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...will be focussing on the comparison between two paintings from the Renaissance period. The two paintings that will be discussed are The Birth of Venus by Sandro Boticelli and The Feast of the Gods by Giovanni Bellini. The comparison will be mainly based on the form of work that includes elements such as materials used, technique and colors, and also on the interpretations of the artwork. We will first look at Boticelli’s The Birth of Venus. It is probably considered to be Boticelli’s most famous piece of artwork. The painting is believed to have been produced between the periods of 1485-1486 (wikipaintings.org, 2013), making it from the Middle Ages Renaissance. He started the painting after being commissioned by the Medici family of Florence, Lorenzo di Pierfrencesco de Medici to be specific (Italian-renaissance-art.com, 2013). The painting portrays the birth of the goddess Venus, emerging from the sea as a fully grown women and being afloat on a seashell. The painting also shows a couple symbolizing the wing blowing her towards the shore. Venus is also seen to be greeted by a woman who seems to represent the spring. The painting is now displayed in Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. The Feast of the Gods by Giovanni Bellini was Bellini’s last great painting (Kren & Marx, 2013). It is among the very few paintings that he worked on canvas. The Feast of the Gods was completed in 1514 (National Gallery of Art, 2013) after being commissioned by the Duke of Ferrara (webexhibits...
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...Characteristics of the Renaissance? In very simple terms, the Italian Renaissance re-established Western art according to the principles of classical Greek art, especially Greek sculpture and painting, which provided much of the basis for the Grand Tour, and which remained unchallenged until Pablo Picasso and Cubism. From the early 14th century, in their search for a new set of artistic values and a response to the courtly International Gothic style, Italian artists and thinkers became inspired by the ideas and forms of ancient Greece and Rome. This was perfectly in tune with their desire to create a universal, even noble, form of art which could express the new and more confident mood of the times. Renaissance Philosophy of Humanism Above all, Renaissance art was driven by the new notion of "Humanism," a philosophy which had been the foundation for many of the achievements (eg. democracy) of pagan ancient Greece. Humanism downplayed religious and secular dogma and instead attached the greatest importance to the dignity and worth of the individual. Effect of Humanism on Art In the visual arts, humanism stood for (1) the emergence of the individual figure, in place of stereotyped, or symbolic figures. (2) Greater realism and consequent attention to detail, as reflected in the development of linear perspective and the increasing realism of human faces and bodies; this new approach helps to explain why classical sculpture was so revered, and why Byzantine art fell out of fashion...
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...As we move into the “Renaissance” period, artists of the fifteenth-century represented a variety of textures, shapes, and spaces that they experienced around them in their lives. They developed a style of painting called “linear perspective” which would allow them to reflect simulations of three-dimensional forms arranged in space. This would give the painting a depth and realism not seen until now in the different eras. There was a heavy emphasis placed on the realistic portrait-like paintings giving a life-like sense to the images. This Humanist style of painting placed great value on science reason, and the individual while keeping an unwavering religious faith style. One of the techniques developed in Northern Europe was “oil painting”, unlike the Italian artist, the northern artists painted in oil on canvas. Oil paint takes much longer to dry allowing the painter time to easily make changes. The long drying process would allow the paint to dry smooth erasing the brush strokes. More importantly, oil paint is translucent when applied in thin layers, known as glazes. This method of built up glazes would let the light penetrate to the lower layers and then reflect back which would create the appearance of an interior glow, giving viewers the illusion that they were looking at real objects rather than painted imitations. Italian artists favored tempera, the method of suspending powered pigments in oils like linseed or sometimes walnut. One large difference from the Northern...
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...with the Renaissance the Church is no longer the only primary patron of the arts. Private families, governments and other secular (non-religious) groups begin to hire artists with greater frequency. What effect do you think this new diversity in patrons had on the arts in the 15th-18th centuries? Include some specific examples of works commissioned by these new patrons. For many, the Renaissance means the “revival of European art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th–16th centuries”. The Renaissance migrated into the rest of Europe and was called the northern Renaissance. Artiste of the north was more interested in things that were real oppose to classic. There were many effects as a result of the diversity of patrons. The great Renaissance artiste had their work cut out for them in different ways. Leonardo da Vinci was a real renaissance man; he was a talented painter, sculptor, scientist architect and a military engineer, who painted the most controversial and...
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...The Renaissance & Baroque Arts The Renaissance, also known as the period of “rebirth”, directly followed the Middle Ages. Some considered the Renaissance period as a bridge from the “Dark Ages” to the modern era or the “light”. This period in history lasted about four centuries—late 13th century to the early 17th century— featuring “a revival of classical art, literature, philosophy, architecture, and learning” and introduced some of “the finest artists and intellectual achievements in the history of the Western humanities” such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo Buonarroti (MindEdge, 2013). Renaissance art is traced back to Italy where artists and scholars looked to the ancient Greco-Roman culture for inspiration by reviving the language, values, and traditions that were lost after “the fall of the Roman Empire in the sixth century” (A&E Television Networks, LLC, 2013). Furthermore, Renaissance artists added individuality to their works through portraying “beauty and mystery of the natural world” (A&E Television Networks, LLC, 2013). Most of the art produced during this time showcased religious imagery, completed mostly as Catholic Mass altarpieces. Artists around these times were sponsored by patrons of the arts such as The Catholic Church and affluent families such as the Medici family in Florence. Political permanence, growing wealth, and technological advancements are some of the social conditions that may have contributed to the arts of the Renaissance era...
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...The Italian Renaissance marked the beginning of a rebirth in culture and ideas. Art was focused around interest in nature, humanism, individualism, and sometimes religion. Even though these new ideas were already present in the late medieval period, they boomed during the Italian Renaissance. During this era, artists determined how to arrange figures realistically in 3D landscapes. Sculptures were often detailed and beautiful figures that were incredibly realistic. Overall, Italian Renaissance art was beautiful, bright, and something nobody had ever seen before. Raphael is one of the most famous painters in all of history. The School of Athens is known as the most famous work by Raphael. In this fresco, Raphael creates a assembly...
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...Chauvet Caves, which date back more than 28,000 years ago, to the millions of artists of all mediums, art is an essential part of being human. It was created before written language in 3,400 BCE, and before agriculture in about 8,000 BCE, showing just how natural the desire to create art is for humanity (“Human History Timeline - Combined Timeline”). While it has evolved many times throughout history, the style, purpose, and subjects change though its existence remains the same. These differences allow an insight into a time period and a place in history. One can examine it on a small scale, analyzing what the piece meant to an artist or what the purpose was in creating it. Likewise,...
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...The Humanist movement and the development of Renaissance Art were closely related. They both came proximately the same time. Humanist writers, philosophers and Renaissance artists challenged the assumptions of their era. They viewed the world differently than medieval scholars and artist. Humanist expressed the importance of ancient literature, which as in contrast to the medieval world. Humanist, such as Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, believed man has free will. Knowledge and virtue were pillars to achieving good over evil choices. Andrea Mantegna’s painting Minerva Expelling the Vices from the Grove of Virtue, showcased will and moral choice. The painter used pagan imagery by using Venus to represent as the mother of vice fighting...
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...Renaissance Reformation The Italian art produced during the Renaissance era did not show men as they really were, because their art made men look feminine as represented by their hair and their clothing. Renaissance ideas are expressed in the Italian are of the periods. The base there art of a humans features in their body and their characteristic. What that means is all there art was very vivid, because they love to draw the body of a human naked. To them it was true art, they did not put much detail into each paintings because they were not the Muslims, who drew every signal detail in an art. Men in art looked like females in the form of their face, they believe that men was so handsome that they should have the face of a female fix into the sculptor or painting. Therefore since the Italians were catholic, they to believe in God and his helpers. Francesco Mochi made a sculptor called Bust of a Youth. The Bust of the Youth was a sculptor of St. John. The sculptor was made out of marble on variegated black marble socle. The painting in people eyes looks like a young girl, but instead it was a male angle. St. John was the son of Zebedee, and the brother of St. James the Great, was called to be an Apostle by our Lord....
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...is very different than the Renaissance people. In Medieval period the amount of money invested on Art& Architecture was much less than Renaissance people invested. During Medieval period, all art was portrait of patron, and religious celebrations, they have not used oil paints during the architecture, and also there were no nude pictures as well. But in contrast to Renaissance period it was non-religious artwork; many different painting techniques, people became very interested in realism and accuracy so they have portrayed human anatomy in nude paintings and structure, and it involved more emotion in the art. For example, “The Birth of Venus,” is one of the well-known portrays from Renaissance...
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...Humanism, the printing press and the Renaissance art change Europe in many ways. The printing press encouraged people to get the Bible in their language and read about God. Humanism encouraged people to want freedom of religion, and the Renaissance art changed the way people viewed art. Everything caused a new problem. The printing press was a way to copy books. They translated the bible and copied them into everyday languages. This made people want to learn more about god. Now anyone could get a bible in their own language and read about god and his history. This also encouraged people to learn how to read and maybe write their own books. Humanism opened people’s eyes to make their own decisions. They then wanted freedom of religion. Humanism...
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...The idea of art has been guided by human psychological necessities and an understanding of life been escorted by religious beliefs. Throughout human history, it is easily visible the effect that human desire to define their existence have had in the development of art, social hierarchies and moral principles. High Renaissance (1490 - 1527) and Italian Baroque (late 16th century - early 18th century) are period styles greatly influence by occurrences at the time. Michelangelo’s Moses is an immense representative of the High Renaissance styles, as well as, Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s Apollo and Daphne for The Italian Baroque Style. We are going to explore both artworks, comparing and contrasting the meaning behind their existence, their respective cultural and historical events as an influence on their individual time period. Initially, in 1505 Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo Buonarroti to build his tomb. Michelangelo consenting, dedicated 6 months choosing marble at Carrara, for his initial massive design which in theory was to have 40 statues. The project was postponed due to a lack of funds, and a new commission by the Pope, rumored to be the...
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...of Rome and that time (Hanawalt, 1998). This period was later replaced by the Renaissance period and has been described as a period of rebirth where ancient techniques were revived and new ones developed leading to more success in the art industry. Artists were inspired by the recovery of Greco-Roman heritage from the East and the importation of Byzantine examples to the West (Zirpolo, 2008). This essay discusses the relationship between the Middle Ages and Renaissance historical art periods. The Middle Ages was considered a period of ignorance, barbarism and superstition (Hanawalt, 1998). This period was called the dark ages due to the negative practices involved, but Scholars saw the period differently stating that the history was a continuous process from biblical times to their time. Most of them wrote about battles, feudalism, crusades, manorialism, kings and emperors, rise of towns, Universities and churches (Hanawalt, 1998). Representations of art during this period were modestly scaled with little creativity because artists did their work collectively and mainly for religious purposes. There was no competition in the art industry and traditional techniques were used to design objects. Art was used to spread religion in Europe and throughout other parts of the world and was viewed as a mere utilitarian object which did not have much value. The Renaissance was a historical art period that led to the abandonment of the Middle Ages practice (Zirpolo, 2008)....
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