...Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Part 1 & 2 Misty Lesesne-Vasdev RES/351 July 30, 2014 Michael Gemignani Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Part 1 * Michael is interested in learning the effects of using celebrity endorsement on sales. What type of variable is a celebrity endorsement? An independent variable is one that can be manipulated. Independent variables are observed to see if it affects any other variables. A celebrity endorsement can be manipulated by making the celebrity appear to love a product. That is just one example of manipulation. Therefore because the variable can be manipulated, a celebrity endorsement is an independent variable. * In an experiment, this variable is expected to be affected by the manipulation. When in an experiment an independent variable can be manipulated to affect the dependent variable. Most of the time the researcher has control over the independent variable which has a direct effect on the dependent variable. Usually the dependent variable is a response to the independent variable. In fact a dependent variable is called a dependent variable because it depends on another variable usually an independent variable. For example, a researcher wants to show the effects of alcohol on the liver the independent variable would be the alcohol and the dependent variable would be the functions of the liver after the alcohol. * Criterion variable is synonymous with this term. Criterion...
Words: 616 - Pages: 3
...A Summary of the Concept of Social Research Earth could be thought of as an exchange center of two things among its sentient inhabitants, intellectual and genetic information. The exchange of genetic information is quite a straight forward concept, with the need for reproduction being necessary to the survival of a species. However the reasons behind transference of intellectual information and how that information is transferred through mass groups of people is what fascinates social researchers. Furthermore, these social researchers seek to identify order and regularity in the complexity of social life; in an effort to make sense of it all. This is essentially carried out by making representations of how people do or refuse to do things together, then by going into detail about whatever order they have found. The creation of representations of social life is essentially done for the purpose of better understanding why humans interact with each other in the ways they do. A study that suggests cities with the most severe housing segregation by race and income levels were the ones that experienced the most severe inner-city deterioration is a representation of one facet of society as a whole. This study attempts to shed light on an issue by examining the intricate relations of economic and racial influences leading to a similar situation happening throughout all urban environments. To most effectively convey the order social researchers have uncovered, they publish their...
Words: 845 - Pages: 4
...Understanding Business Research Terms & Concepts: Part 2 Scott Allen RES 351 08/18/2014 Kim Gravelle Understanding Business Research Terms & Concepts: Part 2 “The research design is the blueprint for fulfilling objectives and answering questions. Selecting a design may be complicated by the availability of a large variety of methods, techniques, procedures, protocols, and sampling plans. (Cooper & Schindler 2014 p. 82). Next, the details of the study must be positioned in place. For example, will the researcher use primary or secondary data, surveys, experiments, or a combination of methods. Next, what will be the types of questions will be posed, open-ended or closed? If surveys and questionnaires are used what type of a scale will be used to measure the results; a rating scale, semantic differential, or a Likert scale? Also, the researcher must decide on whether to do sampling or perform a census. It is easy to see that the design method is what pulls the entire research process together; if the research question is the foundation, then the design processes utilized are the walls used to support the process itself. Descriptive statistics is the analysis of data that helps to describe the data in such a way to give relevance or show patterns, much like a census does. The researcher presents the data in a meaningful way like in statistical or graph form making it simple to understand. A census is an examination of all components that make up a population...
Words: 1609 - Pages: 7
...Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Part 1 RES/351 January 12, 2015 Amy Ginsburg Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Part 1 The research designs of quantitative or qualitative are methodologies used to measure information that is collected through various means of questioning. In the peer reviewed research articles summarized below, each methodology is utilized to collect the required data in similar business problems. Quantitative is used to help understand the attitudes of the employees at a company in India, while the qualitative methodology is used to obtain an in-depth understanding of employee business awareness. In the research article entitled, “What makes employees stay?: Exploring the dimensions in context of urban-centric business process outsourcing industry in India”, the author attempts to show why the current employees of the company choose to stay, helping overall retention. The author explains that the approach being used to collect the data will consist of a questionnaire or survey, by a large group of employees. This questionnaire measured the employees’ attitudes towards the “importance of the factors responsible for their sustenance in the organization” (Santoshi, 2013). While a questionnaire would be utilized to aid in the main data analysis, a telephonic interview would also be incorporated to help substantiate the data gathered. During this questionnaire process, simple random sampling would be used to gather...
Words: 871 - Pages: 4
...Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Part 4 Que McMannis Res 351 03/17/2015 Mark Robinson Abstract The three most commonly used research instruments in quantitative research Studies include Questionnaire, Tests, and Surveys. Validity is the degree to which an instrument measure what it is purports to measure. Imprecise information collection can influence the outcome of a study and eventually lead to unacceptable results. Reliability is the internal consistency or stability of the measuring device over time (Gay, 1996). The collection data of Quantitative methods depend on random sampling and organized data collection instruments that fit different involvement into fixed response groups (www.mbaisherebyravali.com). An important aspect of the quantitative research design is the non-probability method. Through the non-probability method, there are many sampling designs such as convenience sampling, purposive sampling and model instance sampling (www.wilderdom.com). Listed below are two Quantitative strength approaches. The first quantitative strength approach is offering vivid data; for example, permitting us to take pictures of an employer population (www.library.pinpoint.com). Another strength is quantitative research have the ability to translate numbers and data in quantifying graphs and charts. (www.library.pinpoint.com) The first weakness of the quantitative approach is large samples are needed thus causing the study to be more expensive, time-...
Words: 787 - Pages: 4
...Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Par RES/351 2/1/2016 University of Phoenix Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Part 1 How can we embrace understanding business research terms and concepts by comparing Lender evaluations of start-up business prospects and understanding the effect of a web-based tutorial on problem formulation ability by using qualitative and quantitative research designs? The business of rental cars can benefit from both quantitative and qualitative research designs by combining both designs for maximum effect. Lender evaluations of start-up business prospects The study was collected in 2003 and 2005 from the data bases in Finnvera, a state-owned financial institution. The data collected allows the qualitative ways authors can examine the information based on personal history and firm-specific characteristics of business prospects, and market position impact firm performance. The weakness of using the qualitative design for lender evaluations is the understanding parts of the data because it can be misunderstood because of personal opinions of the researchers. By using the quantitative design, the researchers can begin to explain the data results and come to a more itemized way of using the data. Lenders struggle with the data results as stated Iselin (1988), “Some studies state that inconsistency in previous findings could result from improper measurement of information loads as well as failure to rule...
Words: 577 - Pages: 3
...Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Part 1 Business research is the key to understanding how to promote sales and increase company efficiency. It helps managers to be successful, and prepares them to make smart business decisions to help the business grow. Companies may choose from a variety of approaches to conduct their research. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are reliable in aiding to achieve success. But, no matter the approach or method of research taken, there will always be key points to look out for when doing business research. Such as, the importance in learning what makes your product or service stand out against other competitors in the industry and how to market it in that manner to consumers. Brands and Consumer Behavior Marketing to the appropriate target is the goal in which to be achieved for almost every business. When a business puts its focus on the needs and wants of their proposed consumers, the chances of reaching that consumer is more likely. In this research, a questionnaire was developed to explore the correlation of brand image and brand equity with consumer purchase intention. Meenaghan (1995) defines brand image as product knowledge that enables consumers to identify a specific brand. Blackwell, Miniard, and Engel (2005) describe how brand image has both tangible and intangible associations for consumers. Bhat and Reddy (1998) define brand image as an information prompt. When it comes to brand equity;...
Words: 810 - Pages: 4
...Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Part 1 RES/351 April 13, 2015 The methodology used in a business study depends on the type of business research being conducted. Business researchers utilize numerous approaches to obtain information and decipher data. Two popular approaches used in business research are the qualitative research approach and the quantitative research approach. Both of these approaches to business research can be beneficial or may cause inconclusive results because of unforeseen variables. Qualitative Approach The qualitative approach or interpretive research approach main purpose is to build a theory or gain an understanding of the issue that is researched (Cooper, 2014). Using the qualitative approach can require the researcher to have debt involved with the research process typically as a participant in the study (Cooper, 2014). The qualitative approach draws data are many sources such as; people, organizations and institutions, settings or environment, published text, objects, and events (Cooper, 2014). This approach has a small sample size (Cooper, 2014). This methodology has less planning; therefore, the results may vary (Cooper, 2014). Research studies using this method are not always consistent and may be modified during the study (Cooper, 2014). An advantage to the qualitative approach is the small sample sizes because of the small sizes; the time for data analysis can also be shortened (Cooper, 2014). According to Vaivio...
Words: 726 - Pages: 3
...Qualitative data collection instruments try to throw an exact measurement of something, “In business research, quantitative methodologies usually measure consumer behavior, knowledge, opinions, or attitudes. Such methodologies answer questions related to how much, how often, how many, when, and who” (Cooper & Schindler, 2014), one main quantitative data collection instrument is survey which is considered a major among other ones because it throws exact measures of opinions and consumer behavior. The nature of sampling is “that by selecting some of the elements in a population, we may draw conclusions about the entire population” (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). Some examples of sampling methods available to researchers include: “Purposive sampling where Researchers choose participants arbitrarily for their unique characteristics or their experiences, attitudes, or perceptions; as conceptual or theoretical categories of participants develop during the interviewing process, researchers seek new participants to challenge emerging patterns, Snowball sampling where Participants refer researchers to others who have characteristics, experiences, or attitudes similar to or different from their own and finally Convenience sampling where Researchers select any readily available individuals as participants. Descriptive statistical methods are used to “display characteristics of the location, spread, and shape of a data array, it attempts to describe or define a subject ,often by creating...
Words: 1115 - Pages: 5
...Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Part 2 Justin Wilson RES 351 Business Research 31 Mar 2015 Biman Ghosh Descriptive statistics is the term given to the analysis of data that helps describe, show or summarize data in a meaningful way such that, for example, patterns might emerge from the data. Descriptive statistics do not, however, allow us to make conclusions beyond the data we have analysed or reach conclusions regarding any hypotheses we might have made. They are simply a way to describe our data. Descriptive statistics are very important because if we simply presented our raw data it would be hard to visulize what the data was showing, especially if there was a lot of it. Descriptive statistics therefore enables us to present the data in a more meaningful way, which allows simpler interpretation of the data. For example, if we had the results of 100 pieces of students' coursework, we may be interested in the overall performance of those students. We would also be interested in the distribution or spread of the marks. Descriptive statistics allow us to do this. How to properly describe data through statistics and graphs is an important topic and discussed in other Laerd Statistics guides. Typically, there are two general types of statistic that are used to describe data: * Measures of central tendency: these are ways of describing the central position of a frequency distribution for a group of data. In this case, the frequency distribution...
Words: 1657 - Pages: 7
...Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Part 1 RES/351 May 31, 2015 Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts: Part 1 To comprehend business research specifications and hypotheses there must be an informative awareness of by what means to differentiate among qualitative and quantitative approaches of research. To set apart the research and utilize the qualitative approaches it provides the framework opposed to completely identifying with the results and findings that are found in quantitative approach. Clark (2010) “Engaging with qualitative research as a participant, respondent, subject, or informant is non-compulsory” (para. 2). The research captures what individuals allow to express in their own words and communicate his or her involvements and experiences profundity. Qualitative information offers the quality of genuine existence in addition to its differences; the data provides an insight partial to the rational and the emotional state that stimulates individuals to take action. To be concise, the quantitative approaches are reliable, standardized, logically acquiring to the point replications from numerous credible clients. Often clarifying sound and significant qualitative research strategies and quantitative research proposals taking part in particular organization circumstances it requires informative research types that could be dependable or conceptual. Informative research focuses on what is the motive and purpose. For instance...
Words: 776 - Pages: 4
...Preparing to Conduct Business Research Part Three Dena Lebo, Kyla Guerrero and Mario Johnson RES 351 Jan. 26, 2015 Professor Arnella Trent Through the past three weeks, we have decided as a team that our business problem could primarily be solved using a qualitative research design. We have come to this conclusion because as a company utilizing a call center experiencing high volumes of misdirected and dropped calls, the upmost concern within our organization deals with our customer service. Customer service concerns can exclusively be addressed through qualitative means, simply by changing the directed procedures on how customer service agents deal with dropped calls, and related issues. For example, if a customer service agent was handling a call with a client who is dealing with a very detailed issue and the call abruptly drops, there must be simple to follow instructions on how to get that client back on the phone, and continue to solve the issues the client is facing. Solving this problem for our clients is currently our number one goal for this very sensitive and frustrating issue that our clients deal with daily. Although keeping our customers happy is of course our primary objective, however we also must consider what our customer service agents are dealing with as well. Once again, we know that utilizing some of these qualitative methods will fix this issue, and allow both, our clients and customer service agents to benefit. Regarding the finding of solutions...
Words: 727 - Pages: 3
...Understanding Business Research Terms & Concepts: Part 1 RES 351 By To some extent all research may be approached either quantitatively or qualitatively. Everything is determined by the researcher’s primary aim. Are they fascinated in a methodical strategy, as a way to generate similar, generalized information, or do they desire to make a narrative of a special instance/scenario/circumstance? Each choice requires various kinds of preparation, which might best be accompanied by a special research design. However, mixture or mixed strategy approaches show to be very helpful in many scenarios, and appear to fix several of the difficulties, which appear from embracing an individual methodological strategy. According to Cooper & Schindler (2014), “Managers basically do business research to understand how and why things happen. If the manager needs to know only what happened, or how often things happened, quantitative research methodologies would serve the purpose. But to understand the different meanings that people place on their experiences often requires research techniques that delve more deeply into people’s hidden interpretations, understandings, and motivations. Qualitative research is designed to tell the researcher how (process) and why (meaning) things happen as they do (Ch. 7, pg 144)”. Strengths and Weaknesses Qualitative techniques are usually rich in story and description, and rather of supplying a result they have a tendency to discuss the procedure...
Words: 560 - Pages: 3
...of The Practice of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice there are four areas of focus. They are concepts, measurement operations, evaluation of measures, and levels of measurement. We are going to address conceptualization by using substance abuse and related ideas as examples. For measurement, let us review first how measures of substance abuse have been created, utilizing procedures as available data, questions, observations, and less direct and prominent measures. We will also explain how to assess the validity and reliability of these measures. Finally, the level of measurement reflected in unrelated measures is our last topic. Hopefully, at the end of this you will have a fine comprehension of measurement. A concept is a mental image tat summarizes a set of similar observations, feelings, or ideas. "Concepts such as substance-free housing require an explicit definition before they are used in research because we cannot be certain that all readers will share the same definition. It is even more important to define concepts such as poverty or social control or strain, we cannot be certain that others know exactly what we mean." The meaning of concepts is often disputed among experts and illuminating the meaning of such concepts does not simply benefit those unfamiliar with them. In order to do ample work of conceptualization, we need more than just a definition, for our concepts. We will probably have to distinguish inner aspects of the concept. Conceptualization...
Words: 1226 - Pages: 5
...of The Practice of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice there are four areas of focus. They are concepts, measurement operations, evaluation of measures, and levels of measurement. We are going to address conceptualization by using substance abuse and related ideas as examples. For measurement, let us review first how measures of substance abuse have been created, utilizing procedures as available data, questions, observations, and less direct and prominent measures. We will also explain how to assess the validity and reliability of these measures. Finally, the level of measurement reflected in unrelated measures is our last topic. Hopefully, at the end of this you will have a fine comprehension of measurement. A concept is a mental image tat summarizes a set of similar observations, feelings, or ideas. "Concepts such as substance-free housing require an explicit definition before they are used in research because we cannot be certain that all readers will share the same definition. It is even more important to define concepts such as poverty or social control or strain, we cannot be certain that others know exactly what we mean." The meaning of concepts is often disputed among experts and illuminating the meaning of such concepts does not simply benefit those unfamiliar with them. In order to do ample work of conceptualization, we need more than just a definition, for our concepts. We will probably have to distinguish inner aspects of the concept. Conceptualization...
Words: 1234 - Pages: 5