...DNA Fingerprinting Using Agarose Gel S. Aaron Sowards Bio 122 Lab 04 Brianna Adanitsch Jakob Lester Minhenga Ngijoi 2/21/18 Dr. Chad R. Sethman Abstract DNA fingerprinting is the process of analyzing an individual’s DNA base-pair patterns. The DNA fingerprinting lab involved identifying the suspect using Agarose Gel and Polymerase Chain Reaction. It was found that suspect two s DNA matched the crime scene DNA. This is known because suspect twos DNA traveled the same distance as the crime scene DNA. DNA Fingerprinting Using Agarose Gel Introduction In 1984 Dr. Alex Jeffreys came up with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fingerprinting, which is also known as DNA profiling or DNA typing. DNA fingerprinting is the analyzing...
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...Taster Genomic Analysis Lab Report Laboratory Goals: 1. Determine Taster Phenotype 2. Isolate DNA from each individual 3. Determine Taster Genotype Hypothesis: If I am a taster, then my genotype for PTC taster must be either TT (homozygous dominant) or Tt (heterozygous) I – Results: This experiment aimed to investigate the allele frequency of the PTC taster gene (TAS2R38) in a small population, represented by the students in class. The genotype obtained from genomic analysis (via PCR and gel electrophoresis) confirmed that the genotypic result is consistent with the phenotypic result observed at the beginning of the lab. However, DNA fragments of 3 lab subjects didn’t show up on the gel. The allele frequencies can’t be calculated because the data is insufficient to apply the Hardy-Weinberg equation. There are many factors that might be contributed to the invisibility of these DNA fragments, most likely accidental errors. For example, the DNA wasn’t loaded onto the gel probably, or the DNA for some reason didn’t sink to the bottom of the well, or just simply there was not enough DNA. To determine the genotypic profile of the students PTC gene, DNA samplers from each individual was collected from saliva. Using premade PTC primers (short oligonucleotides), a DNA template that encoded the PTC gene (approximately, 303 bp) was amplified by PCR. After amplification, the produced DNA fragments were digested with Fnu4H1 to identify if the lab subjects have a C...
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...clusters of genes together on the genome into operons that elicit a processive response in the presence of a specific metabolite. The Lac operon is responsible for the cleaving of the disaccharide lactose into two products. A myriad of components control the expression of the Lac operon when two conditions are met. First, the substrate, lactose, must be present. Second, no better substrate for example, glucose, is present (2). The three structural genes in the Lac operon are lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene lacZ encodes the tetramer, ß-galactosidase, which is responsible for hydrolyzing the ß-1,4 glycosidic linkage between galactose and glucose in lactose. The transport of lactose into the cell via the enzyme lactose permease is encoded by the gene lacY. The lacA gene encodes the enzyme, galactoside transacetylase, a trimer that transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to galactosides. Activation of these genes is dependent on the activity of a promoter and three operators based on the nutritional and environmental conditions available to the cell. The lac operon is a negatively controlled inducible operon that utilizes the product of the regulator gene lacI, to repress RNA polymerase from transcribing the lacZYA genes. The three operators involved in the lac operon: O1, O2, and O3 serve as binding sites for lacI and when bound repression is exhibited. Originally, the Jacob-Monod model of the Lac operon proposed only one operator existed. However, with the discovery of two additional...
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...Genentech was on the right path. 2 new scientists joined in. Arthur Riggs, a molecular biologist and his colleague, Keiichi Itakura, a Japanese organic chemist. Both were at City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, California. Herbert Heyneker was a postdoctoral student who joined Boyer lab in the fall of 1975. Itakura was responsible for getting the synthetic DNA, Herbert was responsible of splicing the fragment into a plasmid and then cloning it inside the bacterium. The results of their experiments were outstanding. The protein was biologically functional and this was determined through an assay now known as blue-white screening. In the press coverage, Boyer was very exciting to talk about bacterial factories from which huge quantities...
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...Pawlak, Lara van der Woude, Date: 12/12/2014 Valerie SelsEmail: saburo_aikini441@yahoo.com | Lab Report DNA: Plasmids and Nucleases 1. Abstract The goal of this practicum was to isolate plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli (E. coli), to identify it, to prove that the plasmid is circular and double-stranded and to give bacterial cells new genetic properties via transformation. An unknown plasmid S was isolated from the bacterial stain Escherichia coli (E. coli). Then its purity was determined by calculating the ratio A260/A280. After that, the unknown plasmid S was identified, followed by the determination of its antibiotic resistance gene. Subsequently, a new culture of E. coli DH5α was transformed by using the isolated plasmids where only the transformed cells survived. Finally, the plasmid-DNA was treated with exonuclease V to prove the circular and double-stranded property of plasmid. The isolated plasmid S was identified to be pCTB2 which was found to be have two forms: (I) relaxed & (II) supercoiled. The ratio A260/A280 gave the value of 1.65 indicating the presence of proteins (RNA/contaminated DNA). Furthermore, the plasmids were partially digested with restriction enzymes during its identification and was shown circular and double-stranded. The amount of plasmid molecules that has transformed into a cell was 1.0 x 107 and the amount of competent cells transformed...
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...contractility and may also cause vasodilation. 2. If medications are ineffective in managing preload and afterload, what mechanical device might be used and how would it improve cardiac output?: 2. Professors Response: If these measures are not effective, an intra-aortic balloon pump will decrease left ventricle workload by decreasing afterload and increase coronary artery blood flow. 3. Mr.G. improves and is discharged from the hospital; however, he returns to the hospital ED within 10 days with a diagnosis of heart failure. He states that I can t catch my breath and my legs are as big as tree trunks and I have pain on my right side . On assessment you find that he is strictly following the fluid and salt restriction ordered since recent hospital admission but still reports that he has been gaining 1 to 2 pounds every day since discharge. He states that he takes the following medications: Enalapril (Vasotec) 5 mg bid, digoxin 0.125mg qd, furosemide 40 mg qd; potassium chloride 20 mEq qd. The admitting physician orders all the medications but changes the furosemide to 40 mg intravenous push (IVP) qd and 80 mg IVP now. What...
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...Unit II: Genetics Brief Overview Reading: Chapters 3, 4, 9-12, 14 (Note: you have reviewed much of this already) The earth is teeming with living things. We can easily see some of the larger organisms—trees, grass, flowers, weeds, cats, fish, squirrels, dogs, insects, spiders, snails, mushrooms, lichens. Other organisms are everywhere, in the air, in water, soil and on our skin, but are too small to see with the naked eye—bacteria, viruses, protists (single celled eukaryotes such as amoebae), and tiny plants and animals. Life is remarkable in its complexity and diversity, and yet it all boils down to a very simple idea—the instructions for making all this life are written in nucleic acids, usually DNA. Most organisms have a set of DNA that contains the instructions for making that creature. This DNA contains four “letters” in which these instructions are written—A, T, G, and C. The only difference between the code for a dog and the code for a geranium is in the order of those letters in the code. If you took the DNA from a human and rearranged the letters in the right way, you could produce an oak tree—arrange them slightly differently and you would have a bumble bee—arrange them again and you would have the instructions for making a bacterium. Acting through more than two billion years, the process of evolution has taken one basic idea—a molecular code that uses four letters—and used it over and over, in millions of combinations to produce a dazzling array of life forms...
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...science and technology of SPM. AFM and SFM have been also newsworthy items in Science and Nature in the past year [14••,15•–17•,18••,19]. An introduction to AFM is covered well in a recent issue of Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, which describes and illustrates the design and mode of operation of AFM [4••]. The AFM images sample surfaces by raster-scanning a sharp tip back and forth over the surface. The tip is on a cantilever that responds to height changes on the sample surface in a way that generates a topographical map of the surface. We build on this excellent introduction by presenting some of the many advances in SPM that have occurred since that review was written. (The accompanying images are from AFM research in the authors’ lab). Atomic force microscopy imaging Proteins Entropic brush...
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...Major Crime Unit : NH State Police Summer Internship | Heating up: Cold Cases | Meredythe Leonard | | Heating Up: Cold Cases Countless developments in police science have occurred in the past decade or so. Many of these improvements can be seen as small, but imagine the challenges faced by crime scene investigators 50 or more years ago. The law enforcement agencies of the past did not have routine access to the amount information that officials today can gather and analyze from a crime scene. Current day crime scene investigation can range from the downright tedious to the technologically astounding, but they have all greatly impacted how evidence is collected, documented, and analyzed. There are around one hundred unsolved homicides in New Hampshire alone, dating back to the early 1960’s. (Department of Justice, 2015). Evidence from those crimes could quite possibly be the golden ticket in solving the wrongdoing, but with outdated techniques and capabilities, the answer will remain a mystery. If the state makes older evidence testing a priority, cold cases could finally find the justice deserved with the help of current day technology. Throughout the rest of this discussion, the call for new evidence testing in cold cases is examined while highlighting the need and importance for skilled investigators. Determination and patience, in the advancing field of forensic testing, have unlocked numerous cases not only in New Hampshire, but also across the country...
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...BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in Science Student Name: | | | | | | | | Date Submitted: | | | | Unit: | 18 – | | | | | | | I certify that the attached work is original and my own:…………………………………………… Student Signature | | | Assessment Title: | Genetics & Genetic Engineering | | | | | | | | | Lecturer: | | | | | | | | | IV Name | M. Silverwood | | | | | | | | IV date: | 3/2/13 | Assessment Criteria: | Task (criteria) Completed:- P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P6 | P7 | M1 | M2 | | M3 | | M4 | | D1 | D2 | | | | D3 | | | Guidance for this Assignment : | Date set: Task 1 27/1/14 | Date set: Task 2 10/2/14 | Date set: Task 3 24/2/14 | Date set: Task 4 10/3/14 | Remember! | * Your attention is drawn to the comments made in the Course Handbook with regard to both the completion and submission of work * Assessment deadlines must be met * Any student found guilty of cheating or plagiarism may be withdrawn from the unit at the discretion of the Assessment Board. | Internal verification: | Date: | | Name | | | | Signature | | Aim and purpose:-To develop understanding of the principles of Mendelian genetics and to develop knowledge and practical techniques used in commercial, analytical and research laboratories | | GRADING CRITERIA To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to: | To achieve...
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...created to improve the mortality rate of patients who had colonic adenocarcinomas but is now indicated for | |several pathologies including complicated and severe diverticulitis, rectosigmoid cancer, and in cases where a colon resection is needed but a primary anastomosis cannot be safely done. There are few | |contraindications to the procedure and is often the procedure of choice when other complicated procedures cannot be performed. Patients with hypotension, renal failure, diabetes, malnutrition, immune | |compromise, and ascites can have unfavorable performance to the procedure. | |The important labs for this patient are the CBC(WBC,H&H, and diff), CMP, ABG if intubated still, lactic acid if still septic/possibly septic, if still on TPN (glucose, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, | |LFT’s, albumin)...
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...DNA profiling (also called DNA testing, DNA typing, or genetic fingerprinting) is a technique employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of individuals by their respective DNA profiles. DNA profiles are encrypted sets of numbers that reflect a person's DNA makeup, which can also be used as the person's identifier. DNA profiling should not be confused with full genome sequencing.[1] It is used in, for example, parental testing and criminal investigation. Although 99.9% of human DNA sequences are the same in every person, enough of the DNA is different to distinguish one individual from another, unless they are monozygotic twins.[2] DNA profiling uses repetitive ("repeat") sequences that are highly variable,[2] called variable number tandem repeats (VNTR), particularly short tandem repeats (STR)s. VNTRs loci are very similar between closely related humans, but so variable that unrelated individuals are extremely unlikely to have the same VNTRs. The DNA profiling technique was first reported in 1984[3] by Sir Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester in England,[4] and is now the basis of several national DNA databases. Dr. Jeffreys's genetic fingerprinting was made commercially available in 1987, when a chemical company, Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), started a blood-testing centre in England.[5] Contents [hide] 1 DNA profiling process 1.1 RFLP analysis 1.2 PCR analysis 1.3 STR analysis 1.4 AmpFLP ...
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...manufactures biosimilar Insulins, which are sold in India as branded formulations and in both bulk and formulation forms. Located with R & D in Bangalore and API unit in Hyderabad, India, Biocon has two subsidiaries— Syngene, a custom research organization, and Clinigene, a clinical research organization. Biocon’s presence straddles four main therapeutic areas—Diabetology, Cardiology, Nephrology and Oncology. History Biocon is a fully integrated healthcare company that delivers innovative biopharmaceutical solutions. November 29, 1978 Biocon India is incorporated as a joint venture between Biocon Biochemicals Ltd. of Ireland and an Indian entrepreneur, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw. 1979—Becomes the first Indian company to manufacture and export enzymes to USA and Europe. 1989—Unilever plc. acquires Biocon Biochemicals Ltd. in Ireland and merges it with its subsidiary, Quest International; Biocon receives US funding for proprietary technologies. 1993—Biocon's R&D and manufacturing facilities receive ISO 9001 certification from RWTUV, Germany. 1998—Unilever agrees to sell its shareholding in Biocon to the Indian promoters. Biocon becomes an independent entity. 2003—Biocon becomes the first company worldwide to develop human insulin on a...
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...Lupus, Latin for wolf, is the word used historically to describe any chronic, usually ulcerating, skin disease. Dr. Max Gerson's rise to medical prominence in pre-WWII Germany was owed to the curative effect in lupus vulgaris of a salt-free diet bearing his name. Lupus vulgaris, a European plague of the early part of this century, was tuberculosis of the skin, a bacterial disease that has been largely eliminated through improved public health measures and, to a lesser extent, by antibacterial drugs. Today's lupus is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an inflammatory disorder of connective tissue which frequently targets skin (hence the designation lupus) as well as joints, kidneys, mucous membranes, the nervous system, and virtually any other organ or system in the body. Onset of the disease may be sudden and acute, with fever, painful and swollen joints, skin rash, and influenza-like symptoms; or it may smolder for years with low level malaise and intermittent fevers. Symptoms The list of symptoms attributable to SLE is extensive and astonishing. Among symptoms most frequently observed are painful joints, usually of the hands and feet, which may also include the larger joints. Of all SLE patients, 92% endure significant joint pain. Similarly, 84% of all SLE patients suffer from fevers. Skin eruptions, including round or discoid lesions, as well as a butterfly rash presenting on the cheeks below the eyes and bridging the nose, will afflict 72%. Inflammatory kidney dysfunctions...
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...manufactures biosimilar Insulins, which are sold in India as branded formulations and in both bulk and formulation forms. Located with R & D in Bangalore and API unit in Hyderabad, India, Biocon has two subsidiaries— Syngene, a custom research organization, and Clinigene, a clinical research organization. Biocon’s presence straddles four main therapeutic areas—Diabetology, Cardiology, Nephrology and Oncology. History Biocon is a fully integrated healthcare company that delivers innovative biopharmaceutical solutions. November 29, 1978 Biocon India is incorporated as a joint venture between Biocon Biochemicals Ltd. of Ireland and an Indian entrepreneur, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw. 1979—Becomes the first Indian company to manufacture and export enzymes to USA and Europe. 1989—Unilever plc. acquires Biocon Biochemicals Ltd. in Ireland and merges it with its subsidiary, Quest International; Biocon receives US funding for proprietary technologies. 1993—Biocon's R&D and manufacturing facilities receive ISO 9001 certification from RWTUV, Germany. 1998—Unilever agrees to sell its shareholding in Biocon to the Indian promoters. Biocon becomes an...
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