...2824 NON-ENGINEERED CONSTRUCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES –AN APPROACH TOWARD EARTHQUAKE RISK PREDUCTION Anand S ARYA1 SUMMARY The paper first discusses some issues in regard to earthquake risk reduction of Non-engineered buildings, such as : Earthquake risk in developing countries and its management, the IDNDR – Yokoyama message emphasising on pre-disaster mitigation and preparedness, earthquake damage reduction initiatives taken such as preparation of building codes and guidelines and disaster mitigation for sustainable development. Then, the major causes of severe damage observed in nonengineered buildings in the past earthquakes are presently briefly and critical elements to be incorporated in new constructions are highlighted. Methodology for seismic retrofitting of stone houses developed, implemented and verified by the author in the field is introduced. Next, costs and benefits of earthquake prevention measures are indicated. Finally a practically feasible and economically viable scheme of earthquake resistant new building construction and seismicretrofitting of existing unsafe buildings is outlined. INTRODUCTION The non-engineered buildings considered in this paper are those which are spontaneously and informally constructed in various countries in the traditional manner without any or little intervention by qualified architects and engineers in their design. Such buildings involve field stone, fired brick, concrete blocks, adobe or rammed earth, wood...
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...maintenance practices have become a critical issue not only to government properties as it is often perceived by users but also to mosque buildings. This paper examined various factors affecting maintenance of mosque buildings in Osogbo, Osun state. To achieve the set objectives, research survey method was adopted. A total ten (10) central mosques representing 55% of the total number of central mosque buildings were selected in Osogbo. Questionnaires were used to collate opinions of custodians and users of these mosques. A succinct review of related literatures and field observations were also carried out. The analysis was carried out on the data collected from the administered questionnaires through a descriptive approach. Findings revealed that the maintenance management found in most mosques in Osun state were grossly inadequate while in some cases, were not in place. The paper concluded that mosque buildings maintenance were surrounded by lack of good management policy, use of poor quality materials and construction methods and incessant inflation rate as it affect the cost of repairs of any defective part(s). Recommendations were however given in order to alleviate the ravaging problems constantly caused by poor maintenance and these include introduction of a maintenance committee or officers which will help to ensure quick repair of defective components, provision of adequate funding and review of existing management policy. Keywords: Mosque Buildings, Maintenance, Building Performance...
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...1.0INTRODUCTION Provision of adequate, affordable and high standardand quality housing that meets the social, economicand political aspirations of the citizen remains theprimary and major focus of all governments of the world. This is because the fulfillment of thisdesirable social objective is a key component of sustainable development (Ibem and Amole, 2010)and a measure of the well being of the people. According to Leong (2009), housing is a major factorimpacting on the health, safety, socio-economic andpolitical life of the occupants. In fact it impacts allaspect of human Endeavour. Thus, the State ofhousing and its environment is an indicator of thelevel of development and condition and State of thecitizens.Despite the pivotal roles of housing in the socio-economicdevelopment of a nation and the life of thepeople, majority of the public housing are indeplorable condition and State of disrepair, due tolong period of neglected maintenance either by private or public agents. According to Olatubara and Fatoye (2006), public housing estates, when compared with existing private housingestates, are known to be lacking in basicinfrastructural facilities and services and theirrespective maintenances that are meant to enhancethe livability of such estates. These deplorablehousing standard and deteriorated physicalenvironmental conditions in the opinion of Blome (2010) are responsible for the social problems, poverty, poor academic performance, poor health, riots, and high arsons...
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...Wood VS. High density polyethylene (HDPE) Plastic Lumber. This paper is not to persuade the use of either Conventional, or “Green” building materials it is simply a comparison of the pros and cons of your design choices. Wood has been a standard building material for centuries. Craftsmen, suppliers and manufacturers always want to see more wood used in materials and goods. The high market value of a real wood floors, furniture, accents and finishes will always be a selling point in any big purchase. There is something wood; unlike other materials, brings that warm, rich inviting look no matter the application it has been implicated in. Even with the pride of ownership and demand for high price; Wood is also the highly coveted material of choice in the cooking profession when it comes to choosing utensils. Wood of course is an essential material in manufacturing instruments, wither it be jamming on a guitar or playing a musical-toon on an oboe. Also let us not forget all those number 2 pencils destroyed during ones educational career. Even with all these wonderful applications for wood just mentioned in this paragraph and the many more items wood can and still is used for; still cannot help it over-come its true fate in nature. Wood deteriorates. It cracks, it rots, its splinters, it is prone to mildew and mold, the list goes on. Of course one would argue that not all of these negative aspects of wood pertain to all of said items, sure it depends on where, what and...
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...Izetta Clay 11/24/12 Prof: Jeff Ambrose ENG 100 Research Paper Hurricane Sandy's in KINGSTON, Jamaica KINGSTON, Jamaica Hurricane Sandy's howling winds and pelting rains lashed precarious shantytowns, stranded travelers and downed power lines Wednesday as it roared across Jamaica on a course that would take it on to Cuba and then possibly threaten Florida and the Bahamas. Sandy's death toll was at least two. An elderly man was killed in Jamaica when he was crushed by a boulder that rolled onto his clapboard house, police reported. Earlier Wednesday, a woman in Haiti was swept away by a rushing river she was trying to cross, in some southern towns of Jamaica, a few crocodiles were caught in rushing flood waters carried them out of their homes in mangrove thickets, showing up districts where electricity was knocked out, local residents reported. One big croc took up temporary residence in a family's front yard in the city of Portmore. Wednesday evening the hurricane's eye had crossed Jamaica and emerged off its northern coast near the town of Port Antonio, meteorologists said, but rain and winds continued to pound the Caribbean island, and hurricane conditions were predicted to last well in the night. It was the first direct hit by the eye of a hurricane in Jamaica since Hurricane Gilbert 24 years ago, and fearful authorities closed the island's international airports and police ordered 48-hour curfews in major towns to...
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...Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction This research project serves as culmination to the problem involving the restoration of the Basilica. It seeks to summarize, explain and synthesize several highlights of the topic in dialogue with the assigned texts and other readings; it will force additional research and reflections as an instrument for clarifying, defining and augmenting the author’s understanding of the major issues addressed by the proposal. The scope of the study embraces a solution that will lead the restoration of the Basilica to realities and treat the problems involving its reestablishment. Being a national heritage and considered to be one of the first Roman Catholic churches in the Philippines, it is our objective to restore a historical edifice and preserve its cultural legacy and customs. On October 15, 2013, a 7.2 magnitude earthquake shook Bohol at approximately 8:00 in the morning. It caused millions of worth of casualties, hundreds of families devastated, destroyed numerous properties and damaged many historical landmarks and churches, including the Basilica de Sto. Nino. The earthquake crushed most of the belfry and façade; walls and frescoes are cracked, leaving the church in verge of total wreckage. To prevent an entire loss, propositions involving the repair and rebuilding of the damaged areas are to be provided as well as redesigning of the structure’s stability will furnish its constancy to be able to withstand future disastrous...
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...bins at the bottom of the car park. Inside the superstore there is a grocery collection point, direct collection point, clothing collection point, direct order point, general facilities, food ranges and enabling facilities. Also inside the store is a Timpson Ltd kiosk which has a dry cleaners, shoes repairs, phone repairs and key cutting available. The building of Tesco in Chepstow promotes exactly what it need to; it has a very basic design and is very simple. On the front of the building it had a huge sign saying Tesco and they’re slogan “every little helps”. Materials and Waste – one of the main things Tesco have to consider is their storage. They sell hundreds of different products and being able to store them is very important as if they cannot store all of their products, when they run out of stock they would have to wait while for new stock. They must have the facilities to store foods, drinks and other products that aren’t food related. As Tesco use electronic tills and self service electronic tills, they will have computers for programming. Also as they have offices to keep everything in order for the business to keep running; they will have materials such as pens, paper, computers and telephones. Also as they have a petrol station; they have fuel and oils. They would also have oil and electricity to keep fridges going and also heating for the offices. With their waste, they would recycle as much as they can and would have to pay for people to take it away. Plant and...
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...works for a health care facility who has the main goal of finding ways to stop or avoid communicable epidemics in the United States. Epidemiologists study the frequency and distribution of diseases within human populations and environments. Specifically, they measure the incidence of disease occurrence and relate it to different characteristics of populations and environments. Epidemiologists perform research, education, and public health practice in universities, government agencies, international organizations, and private corporations. Therefore epidemiologists study a wide range of healthcare issues. Epidemiologist study and research regions or different populations regarding serious life threatening diseases, diseases that are infectious, the life span of illness in families a well as environmental pollutants that occur. Epidemiologists collect and further analyze important information about public health and the behavior of diseases. After researching and analyzing collections an Epidemiologist explain and also reveals to the public about the findings of their research. Epidemiologist study the distribution of health-related events in a specific population and the purpose of this study in order to control health problems that occur. “Epidemiology includes the methods for measuring the health of groups and for determining the attributes and exposures that influence health; the study of the occurrence of disease in its natural habitat rather than the controlled environment...
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...customer satisfaction is a key driver of performance, making its measurement and management crucial. Most studies on customer satisfaction take an aggregate standpoint and do not consider segment-specific differences in attribute importance. In this article, the authors report on customer satisfaction with ambal auto (p) Ltd. They hypothesize that personal, situational, and product factors moderate the relationship between attribute performance and overall satisfaction. The “service-dominant logic” focuses on the firm and the customer co creating value, as defined by the customer. Achieving this orientation requires firms to understand which components of the service concept are most important to different subsets of customers. However, research on the relative importance to customers of core and peripheral service components has produced mixed results. The results show that these factors indeed influence Attribute—Performance—Satisfaction Relationship The present study investigates this relationship for salespeople in a business he theoretical justification for a positive impact of salespeople’s job satisfaction on customer satisfaction is based on the concept of emotional contagion. The analysis is based on a dyadic data set that involves judgments provided by salespeople and their customers collected across multiple manufacturing and services industries. Results indicate the presence of a positive relationship between salespeople’s job satisfaction and customer satisfaction...
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...PM598 – Go Green Consulting’s RFP 2010 Go Green Consulting’s Headquarters Go Green Consulting 13591 SE Sunnyside Rd Clackamas, OR 97015 Telephone: 503.432.5864 E-mail: tnbackes@me.com Wikispaces: http://gogreenconsulting.wikispaces.com Tara Backes, Mandalyn Echols, Raj Rami PM598 – Fall 2010 Pg 1 of 14 PM598 – Go Green Consulting’s RFP 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS............................................................................................................3 1.1. General Description of Work..............................................................................................................3 1.2. What Must Be Included with Bid .......................................................................................................3 1.3. Schedule of Bid Period Activities.......................................................................................................3 1.4. Location of Work ................................................................................................................................3 1.5. Pre-Bid Meeting..................................................................................................................................4 1.6. Owner Contact for Questions..............................................................................................................4 1.7. Pre-Award Surveys ...........................................................................................
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...the policy of the State of safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare, consistent with the principles of sound environmental management and control; and to this end, make it the purpose of this Code to provide for all buildings and structures, a framework of minimum standards and requirements to regulate and control their location, site, design, quality of materials, construction, use occupancy, and maintenance. SECTION 103. Scope and Application (a) The provisions of this Code shall apply to the design, location, sitting, construction, alteration, repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance, moving, demolition of, and addition to public and private buildings and structures, except traditional indigenous family dwellings as defined herein. (b) Buildings and/or structures constructed before the approval of this Code shall not be affected except when alterations, additions, conversions or repairs are to be made therein in which case, this Code shall apply only to portions to be altered, added converted or repaired. SECTION 104. General Building Requirements (a) All buildings or structures as well as accessory facilities thereto shall conform in all respects to the principles of safe construction and must be suited to the purpose for which they are designed. (b) Buildings or structures intended to be used for the manufacture and/or production of any kind of article or product shall observe adequate environmental safeguards. (c) Buildings or structures...
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... MURIITHI DAVIES MUGOH B04/23097/2008 A PROJECT PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN LAND ECONOMICS DEGREE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF REAL-ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI MAY, 2012. DECLARATION I, MURIITHI DAVIES MUGOH, hereby declare that this project is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University. Signed…………………….. Date……………………………… MURIITHI DAVIES MUGOH DECLARATION OF THE SUPERVISOR This research has been submitted for examination with my approval as a university supervisor. Signed……………………… Date………………………………….. Mr. NIKKY NZIOKI DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Muriithi who has patiently borne my education expenses right from primary school to the University and gave me continuous support & encouragement throughout my academic life. My siblings Faith Njoki, Peninah Njoki and Dennis Ragoi, thanks for being there for me during the tough time of my research. God bless you. ...
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...Running head: Magic Eye Marketing Plan Course Project: Magic Eye Marketing Plan Patrick D Wattles MM522 Marketing Management Course Project: Magic Eye Marketing Plan 2.0 Situational Analysis The Magic Eye represents a technology that is yet to exist in the construction optics industry. Camero has come to the realization that it’s military and law enforcement Through the Wall Radar Imaging (TWRI) optics can be applied to the construction industry. Camero likewise understands that the construction industry could help the organization to diversify its product offerings and increase revenue. SWOT Analysis 2.1 Strengths 2.1.1 Experience with military and law enforcement Through the Wall Radar Imaging (TWRI) optics. 2.1.2 Product uses parts within existing supply chain. 2.1.3 Strategic partnership with FLIR® (Forward Looking Infra-Red) to supply thermographic optics. 2.1.4 Technology does not currently exist within the construction optics industry. (New market segment) 2.2 Weaknesses 2.2.1 No market share in the construction optics industry. 2.2.2 Construction industry is a shrinking market. 2.2.3 Construction industry lack of familiarity TWRI technology 2.3 Opportunities Course Project: Magic Eye Marketing Plan 2.3.1 Increased sales to markets in Europe, India, and China. 2.3.2 Diversification of Camero® brand. 2.3.3 Continued development of Camero® product lines. 2.4 Threats 2.4.1 Competition in military and law enforcement TWRI technology...
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..... 7 1.2. Problem ........................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2.1 Chapter 2................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2.2 Chapter 3................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2.3 Chapter 4................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2.4 Chapter 5................................................................................................................................ 8 1.3. Research methodology ................................................................................................................ 9 1.4. Delimitations ................................................................................................................................ 9 2. Chapter 2....................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1. Light steel frame building...
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...“aGeinG in PLace”: the Views OF OLDer hOmeOwners On maintenance, renOVatiOn anD aDaPtatiOn Judith Davey1 New Zealand Institute for Research on Ageing Te Putahi Rangahau i te Pakeke Haere Victoria University of Wellington Abstract “Ageing in place” is favoured in policies on ageing and is the preferred option of many older people. For older homeowners, remaining at home may depend on their ability to keep their homes in good condition, safe, suitable and comfortable. This research illuminates the attitudes, opinions and preferences of some older New Zealanders with respect to their current and future housing circumstances. A considerable degree of self-sufficiency was found with respect to home maintenance, but fewer people were capable of doing their own renovation work, and there were clear gender differences. The respondents mostly shared a strong desire to remain living independently in the community for the rest of their lives. The most popular option for a new residence was a separate house, but one smaller and easier to manage than their family home. To this end, many had already moved to low-maintenance housing suited to ageing in place. Others had aspirations for such a move. Some of those who wished to remain in their long-term family homes were considering adaptations to make this possible, and some had already adapted their homes to cope with health issues. The study concludes that most of the respondents were resourceful...
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