...analyze empirical data needed to interpret the findings and draw conclusions based on the results of the research. According to Portney and Watkins (2009), all studies require a description of subjects and responses that are obtained through measuring central tendency, so all studies use descriptive statistics to present an appropriate use of statistical tests and the validity of data interpretation. Although descriptive statistics do not allow general conclusions and allow only limited interpretations, they are useful for understanding the study sample and establishing an appropriate framework for the further analysis in the study. Further analysis using appropriate statistical methods allows the researchers to establish correlations between independent and dependent variables, define possible outcomes, and identify areas of potential study in the future accurately. Statistics is important for researchers because it allows them to investigate and interpret the data more accurately, and researchers will notice patterns in the data that would be overlooked otherwise and result in inaccurate and possibly subjective conclusions (Portney &ump; Watkins, 2009). Frequency distribution is a method used in descriptive statistics to arrange the values of one or multiple variables in a sample, so it will summarize the distribution of values in a sample. Frequency distribution is the most basic and frequently used method in statistics because it creates organized tables of data which can be...
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...da Data interpretation is a component of modern life for most people. Interpretation is the mechanism for translating all the numerical data that we are bombarded with every minute of every day. Consumers interpret data when they turn on the television, scan headlines on an iPhone or tablet, view advertisements alleging that one product is superior to another or they make purchases based on advertising as to the price and/or efficacy of a product. A prevailing method of analyzing numerical data is known as statistical analysis and the activity associated with assessing and explaining data in order to make predictions is referred to as inferential statistics. Knowledgeable consumers understand the value of discerning the veracity of data interpretations, forecasts and recommendations by recognizing sources of bias such as sampling procedures, or misleading questions, margins of error, confidence intervals, and incomplete interpretations. The ramifications of flawed or erroneously interpreted data can be far- reaching. For example, every 10 years a major census is completed in the United States. The findings are employed to calculate the number of congressional seats that are assigned to each district; where new highways will be built; where new libraries and schools are required, where new day care centers, hospitals and nursing homes will be situated; where new parks and recreational centers will be located, and the...
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...14. Data analysis and interpretation Concepts and techniques for managing, editing, analyzing and interpreting data from epidemiologic studies. Key concepts/expectations This chapter contains a great deal of material and goes beyond what you are expected to learn for this course (i.e., for examination questions). However, statistical issues pervade epidemiologic studies, and you may find some of the material that follows of use as you read the literature. So if you find that you are getting lost and begin to wonder what points you are expected to learn, please refer to the following list of concepts we expect you to know: Need to edit data before serious analysis and to catch errors as soon as possible. Options for data cleaning – range checks, consistency checks – and what these can (and can not) accomplish. What is meant by data coding and why is it carried out. Basic meaning of various terms used to characterize the mathematical attributes of different kinds of variables, i.e., nominal, dichotomous, categorical, ordinal, measurement, count, discrete, interval, ratio, continuous. Be able to recognize examples of different kinds of variables and advantages/disadvantages of treating them in different ways. What is meant by a “derived” variable and different types of derived variables. Objectives of statistical hypothesis tests (“significance” tests), the meaning of the outcomes from such tests, and how to interpret a p-value...
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...the economy.The scope of the study is limited to the respondents, selected from in and around THIRUVERUMBUR. It covers the data sources, primary as well as secondary, sampling procedure, detailed analysis and interpretation of data, methods used in data analysis. It covers limitations of study like time, money and sample size taken, sampling technique, eliciting information and limitation in usage of research tool and nature of respondents. Customer expectation towards a bank starts from the brand name, product, services and number of branches at their convenience. The major competitors for the Federal bank in Thiruverumbur is, STATE BANK OF INDIA(SBI), INDIAN BANK, INDIAN OVERSEAS BANK, KVB and HDFC. In this study, the target 150people who are the customers of Federal bank as well as customers of other banks for the purpose of the research. The target population influences the sample size. The target population represents the Thiruverumbur region. The people were from different professional backgrounds. The Research design used in this study is Descriptive research. It is defined as fact finding with adequate interpretation. Simple random sample (SRS) is a special case of a random sample. A sample is called simple random sample if each unit of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. Whenever a unit is selected for the sample, the units of the population are equally likely to be selected. From the inference the customer expectation is purely based...
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...The terms "statistical analysis" and "data analysis" can be said to mean the same thing -- the study of how we describe, combine, and make inferences based on numbers. A lot of people are scared of numbers (quantiphobia), but data analysis with statistics has got less to do with numbers, and more to do with rules for arranging them. It even lets you create some of those rules yourself, so instead of looking at it like a lot of memorization, it's best to see it as an extension of the research mentality, something researchers do anyway (i.e., play with or crunch numbers). Once you realize that YOU have complete and total power over how you want to arrange numbers, your fear of them will disappear. It helps, of course, if you know some basic algebra and arithmetic, at a level where you might be comfortable solving the following equation There are three (3) general areas that make up the field of statistics: descriptive statistics, relational statistics, and inferential statistics. 1. Descriptive statistics fall into one of two categories: measures of central tendency (mean, median, and mode) or measures of dispersion (standard deviation and variance). Their purpose is to explore hunches that may have come up during the course of the research process, but most people compute them to look at the normality of their numbers. Examples include descriptive analysis of sex, age, race, social class, and so forth. 2. Relationalstatistics fall into one of three categories: univariate,...
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...Interpretation of SPSS output for Car Care Inc. Jacquelynn Patterson Liberty University Online Professor Lingley Busi 331-B01 October 7, 2013 1.0 Introduction Statistics in social sciences are an important aspect in making the understanding of social behaviors plausible in organizations, governments, marketers and other cohorts with same interest. Initially, statistical manipulations were conducted manually and obliged researchers to have formulas at their fingertips. This strenuous exercise was susceptible to shortcomings in case large volumes of data were to be analyzed. In addition, manual calculations depend on human nature that is vulnerable to ill health, emotional exhaustion and fatigue. As a result, there are many chances of making errors when dealing with manual calculations. This would finally affect the end results obtained. The above mentioned problems are likely to be amplified especially when dealing with a huge number of research subjects. If this is the case, it implies that marketing research data analysis would be the most vulnerable if manual statistical manipulations were embraced. This is because marketing research depends heavily on many respondents in order for the results to valid and reliable for making inferences to the whole population. Inevitably, marketers are bludgeoned into using statistical software that can handle large volumes of cases in a single command. This does not only reduce...
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...currently adverse economic climate, or poise the corporation to move in an entirely new direction and many more. Corporate restructuring is needed to counter challenges in competitive business environment. Most of the organizations carry out corporate restructuring as per the needs of the business. Some do it through mergers, acquisitions, and some by demergers as well; while some others make structural changes and carry out resource optimization in the organization. This paper analyses the success rate of corporate restructuring program (CRP) in India. It also tries to understand the implication of corporate restructuring program with the help of a case study. The present paper is mainly based on secondary data. The paper makes use of SPSS 16 and MS-excel for data Analysis Keywords: Corporate Restructuring, Challenges, Merger, Demerger INTRODUCTION Corporate restructuring is a multifarious phenomenon that management has to deal with. Every company has to choose either to diversify or to refocus on core business activities. Diversifying in simple terms is expansion of business domains while refocus is a deliberate attempt made by companies to become more alert on core...
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...Data analysis report Divine Elegance: A Restaurant Table of Contents Introduction 2 Preliminary Analysis 2 Data Screening and Hypothesis Testing 2 1. How much are potential patrons willing to pay for the entrées? Is the $18 amount from the forecasting model correct? 2 2. Can Michael expect all patrons to spend an average of $200 a month on food? 4 3. Which zip code area(s) provide the best location for the restaurant? Does the expected average monthly spend differ between potential patrons residing in different zip codes 6 4. Does the likelihood to patronize the restaurant different between people with different income levels? 8 5.How elegant should the décor be? Would potential patrons prefer simple or elegant décor? 9 6. Should there be live entertainment? Would potential patrons prefer a string quartet or a jazz combo? 10 7. Which radio station(s) should Michael select for advertising? Which type of radio programming do people most likely to patronize the restaurant listen to? 10 8. Can the likelihood of patronizing the restaurant be explained in terms of evaluations on restaurant preference variables (Variables 11-20), age, family size and gender – when all of these variables are considered simultaneously? (*Hint, you may need to recode the ‘Year Born’ variable to determine age). 11 9. Does the average age between a probable and non probable patron differ? 13 10. Is there a relationship between gender and whether or not someone is a probable patron...
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...5.2. Data collection Data collection involves the collection of data by using different methods of data-collecting tools. There are two methods for collecting data in scientific research: primary data collection method and secondary data collection. Primary data are sets of data researchers collect from participants and secondary data are sets of data researchers collect from literatures, document from precedent researches and using internet. Primary data collection for quantitative studies consists of interviews, questionnaire survey and observational method. But here the researcher used questionnaire survey to collect data. A total of 25 participants were selected using convenience sampling method. Participants included first, second, third...
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...AJ DAVIS DEPARTMENT STORES Credit Customer Sample Analysis September 16 2013 Created by: Created for: Upper Management TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Income by Location (Bar Graph) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Credit Balances by Income (Histogram) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Credit Balances by Size (Scatterplot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Credit Balances by Location (Box Plot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Size Frequency (Dotplot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 INTRODUCTION AJ Davis is a department store chain with many customers who hold credit accounts at the store. The company’s management group wants to analyze the data collected and summarized to determine if there is any connection or relationship between the information...
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... Since descriptive method is a fact finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation of findings that describes what actually exists in current conditions. Consequently, descriptive method of research is best suited in attaining the purpose of this study because this research involved a description, recording, analysis and interpretation of what actually existed in current conditions. Respondents of the Study The respondents of this study were the 42 students of fourth year, Section V, of Manuel A. Roxas High School. The 42 students were interviewed and undergone tests to successfully determine the result of the study. Research Instruments The researcher formulated reading comprehension test that was utilized as a survey instrument. The test contains 45 questions based on the three short selections they have read. Procedure After acquiring the necessary permits to conduct the test regarding reading comprehension, it was administered by the researcher himself to the students and collected the answer sheets after completion. Then all data collected were used for interpretation. Statistical Treatment Data analysis was done using the statistical treatment. Rating scale, frequency, and percentage were used to identify the students status in reading comprehension. Chapter III: Presentation, Analysis, Interpretation of Data This chapter presents the results and interpretation from the data gathered in answer to the research problem postulated. Table 1 Performance of...
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...BUSINESS STATISTICS 10123046 SalmanRiaz MBA (3.5 years) FALL 2010 SUBMITTED TO: Mr. ABID AWAN SUBMISSION DATE: February 25, 2015 Correlation analysis of Three Universities Correlation analysis of GIFT University Tables 1 | ECA (X1) | HOURS (X2) | COURSE(X3) | Degree(X4) | CGPA(Y) | ECA (X1) | 1 | | | | | HOURS (X2) | 0.020546566 | 1 | | | | COURSE(X3) | 0.110931612 | -0.003577178 | 1 | | | Degree(X4) | 0.055096599 | -0.163985608 | -0.09382865 | 1 | | CGPA Y (Y) | 0.14111477 | 0.111037212 | 0.230369489 | 0.220496482 | 1 | Explanation: From the above calculated table value, we can see that the relation between independent variable X1, X2, X3, X4 and an dependent variable Y. X1 (ECA) and X2 (hours) shows that there is a 2.05% correlation between them which is a strong positive correlation. X1 (ECA) and X3 (course) shows that there is a 11.09% correlation between them which is a strong positive correlation. X1 (ECA) and X4 (marks) shows that there is a 5.50% correlation between them which is a strong positive correlation. X1 (ECA) and Y (CGPA) shows that there is a 14.41% correlation between them which is a strong positive correlation which indicate that our dependent variable CGPA depend on ECA also. X2 (IQ hours) and X3 (hours) shows there is a -0.35% correlation between them which is a negative correlation. X2 (IQ hours) and X4 (marks) shows -16.39% correlation between them which is a negative correlation. X2 (IQ...
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...government. Qualitative research method Secondary research with the data from US government collected in the past few years i.e. we take the whole data in the website and based on the population segments considered by us filter the data and then consider suitable sample for our analysis. We would like to concentrate on major discriminations and maybe gender wise discriminations also and thus these factors can also be...
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...QUESTION BANK ON RESEARCH METHODOLOGY UNIT-1: Introduction Q1. What do you mean by research? Explain its significance in modern times. Q2. Explain difference between research method and research methodology Q3. “A research scholar has to work as a judge and derive the truth and not as a pleader who is only eager to prove his case in favour of his plaintiff.” Discuss the statement pointing out the objectives of research. Q4. Briefly describe the different steps involved in a research process. Q5. Explain the criteria of a good research. Q6. “Research is much concerned with proper fact finding, analysis and evaluation.” Do you agree with this statement? Give reason in support of your answers. Q7. Explain the types of research in detail. Q8. “Empirical research in India in particular creates so many problems for researchers.” State the problems that are usually faced by such researchers. Q9. Why is it important to define research problem appropriately? Q10. Explain in detail techniques involved in defining a research problem. Q11. “The task of defining the research problem is often follows a sequential pattern.” Explain. Q12. Write short notes on following: a. Ex post facto research b. Motivation in research c. Pilot survey UNIT-2: Research Design Q1. Explain the meaning and significance of research design. Q2. How does formulating a research design differ from developing an approach to a problem? Q3. “Research design in exploratory studies must be flexible...
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...identify who the major participants are in the investigation and state his/her qualifications? 2. Does the report or cover letter provide reliance of the report to the Ministry and the Approved Professional? 3. Has the investigator: a. provided site information (e.g., civic address and legal description, etc.) as required in SoSC; b. listed, reviewed and summarized data from other previous environmental or geotechnical reports relevant to the site, including interpretations regarding groundwater flow directions and stratigraphy; and, c. provided a rationale for changes to APEC or PCOC indicated in the Stage 1 PSI? 4. Does the investigator describe the relationship of the current study, in particular: a. how the methods of investigation and findings of the previous stage(s) was/were used to design and carry out the current study; and b. the extent to which the previous investigations were or were not relied on? 5. Has the investigator: a. provided scaled plans showing site features and relevant land uses and receptors; and, b. provided a scaled site plan or plans showing existing test holes and sample...
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