...actually coined the term.2 Whatever, its original content and intent, the term “Washington Consensus”, in the minds of most people around the world, has come to refer to development strategies focusing around privatization, liberalization, and macro-stability (meaning mostly price stability); a set of policies predicated upon a strong faith – stronger than warranted --in unfettered markets and aimed at reducing, or even minimizing, the role of government.3 That development strategy stands in 1 Initiative for Policy Dialogue and university professor, Columbia University. The author would like to thank the Ford Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation, and the Mott Foundation for financial support. Research assistance from Megan Torau is also gratefully acknowledged. This is a slight revision of a paper presented at a conference sponsored by Foundation CIDOB and the Initiative for Policy Dialogue held in Barcelona in September 2004, “From the Washington Consensus towards a new Global Governance”. 2 Williamson, J. [1990] “What...
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...MUSIC Quarter III Quarter III: CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE MUSIC CONTENT STANDARDS The learner demonstrates understanding of... 1. Characteristic features of contemporary music. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS The learner... 1. Sings contemporary songs. DEPED COPY LEARNING COMPETENCIES The learner... 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Listens perceptively to excerpts of major contemporary works. Describes characteristics of traditional and new music. Gives a brief biography of selected contemporary Philippine composers. Sings selections of contemporary music with appropriate pitch, rhythm, style, and expression. Explores ways of creating sounds on a variety of sources. Improvises simple vocal/instrumental accompaniments to selected songs. Creates a musical on the life of a selected contemporary Philippine composer. Evaluates music and music performances using knowledge of musical elements and style. From the Department of Education curriculum for MUSIC Grade 10 (2014) 88 All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying without written permission from the DepEd Central Office. Contemporary Philippine Music CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE MUSIC A ccording to National Artist Ramon Santos, PhD, “contemporary music in the Philippines refers to compositions that have adopted ideas and elements from 20th century art music in the west, as well as the latest trends and musical styles in the entertainment...
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...REVISTA DE SOCIOLOGÍA, Nº 28 (2013) pp. 31-49 Elites, political elites and social change in modern societies1 Luis Garrido Vergara* Resumen Los estudios académicos acerca de las élites políticas poseen una vibrante historia reciente. El objetivo aquí es proveer un resumen selectivo de esa historia, enfocándose en la importancia de la distinción social y en las teorías de la estructura de poder como el marco teórico para comprender la influencia de las élites políticas en el cambio social. Dado que nuevas perspectivas y preocupaciones han surgido en este campo, la organización de este artículo no es completamente cronológica. Aunque puedan haberse ignorado muchas contribuciones relevantes, la intención aquí es brindar algún sentido de la riqueza e importancia de lo que han logrado los académicos acerca de la relación entre élites y representación, los vínculos entre élites, democracia y cambio social y las teorías de la estructura de poder. En este artículo también se estudia hasta qué grado la introducción de una nueva metodología de investigación por parte de la teoría de la dominación de clase de Domhoff abrió una nueva perspectiva en los estudios sobre las élites. Finalmente, se presentan una estrategia de investigación para las élites y dos conclusiones principales. Palabras clave: Élites políticas - cambio social - estructura de poder - representación. Abstract Scholarly studies of elites and political elites have a vibrant recent history. My aim here is to provide a selective...
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...The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Geraldo W. Sazama University of Connecticut Harlan Davis U.S. Agency for InternationalDevelopment, Brazil Land taxation frequently has been presented as a panacea for certain problems of agricultural development. More specifically, the land tax has been seen by many as aquick and easy substitute for land reform, especially in Latin America.' This type of thinking, unfortunately, can cloud the real and important contribution that land taxation can make to the develop ment process. Because of its ability to be relatively neutral in its economic effects on agriculture, land taxation isalmost unique among the many ways 2 available to convert surplus agricultural output into development capital. It is, however, no substitute for a direct land reform program; it merely complements a nation's direct efforts to improve the agricultural sector while it goes about its principal task of raising new public investment capital for the economy.3 This paper uses both theoretical and empirical analysis to examine the effectiveness ofa land tax as aregulatory tool. Weare particularly interested in evaluating land taxation as adevice to induce an increase in agricultural output and productivity and amore equitable and economic distribution of * The authors appreciate the comments of John Strasma and Dale Adams. Author Sazama is grateful for financial support for this research from the Social Science Research Council and the University...
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...transport and land use in developing countries Robert Cervero University of California, Berkeley a e mobility challenges of the developing world are considerably different than those in wealthier, advanced countries, and so are the challenges of coordinating transportation and land use. Rapid population growth, poverty and income disparities, overcrowded urban cores, poorly designed road networks, spatial mismatches between housing and jobs, deteriorating environmental conditions, and economic losses from extreme traffic by congestion are among the more vexing challenges faced by developing cities that could be assuaged through improved coordination of transportation and urban development. is is underscored by examples reviewed in this paper from South Asia, Southeast Asia, China, India, Africa, and South America. It is concluded that whatever is done to improve transportation and land-use integration must be pro-poor. e cardinal features of integrated and sustainable transport and urbanism everywhere—accessible urban activities and safe, attractive walking and cycling environs—are particularly vital to the welfare and prosperity of urbanites in the world’s poorest countries. Abstract: Keywords: Urban transportation; land use; Developing cities; Air quality; Poverty 1 The challenges of rapid growth in developing cities e mobility challenges of the developing world are considerably different than in wealthier, advanced countries, and so are the challenges of coordinating...
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...Factors Affecting Investment Decision A multitude of factors influence the investing agencies decision in the choice of projects the amount of initial investment itself in influenced by the choice of location. For instant, the central government of India in consultation with the respective state government has declared certain areas, districts and taluses backward and has given a subsidy of 15 per cent on the cost of land buildings, to encourage balanced growth of industries, Another significant factor is the service rendered by state governmental agencies in providing infrastructural facilities, managerial expertise, loans, technical assistance, etc. Third, the cost of capital is a very important factor in the investment decision. While considering the cost of capital. Due card should be given to factors such as the opportunity cost. The entrepreneur, who is investing capital, is obviously interested in setting a return within a planned time horizon. For this purpose he has to consider the gestation period of the project, projected cash flow, taking into account factors such a inflation, governmental taxes, risk involved in investment, raw material prices, competitions, growth rate, trend, of wages, market demand, operating costs, fixed costs, development rebate estimated life or physical facilities, availability of build raw materials, cost of skilled labor, etc. Two other crucial factors which are estimated on the basis of particular state, and industrial relations climate...
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...>>> español INTRODUCTION THEORY OF MODERNIZATION THEORY OF DEPENDENCY THEORY OF WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY OF GLOBALIZATION A MODO DE COLOFON BIBLIOGRAPHY NOTES 1. Introduction The main objective of this document is to synthesize the main aspects of the four major theories of development: modernization, dependency, world-systems and globalization. These are the principal theoretical explanations to interpret development efforts carried out especially in the developing countries. These theoretical perspectives allow us not only to clarify concepts, to set them in economic and social perspectives, but also to identify recommendations in terms of social policies. For the purposes of this paper, the term development is understood as a social condition within a nation, in which the authentic needs of its population are satisfied by the rational and sustainable use of natural resources and systems. This utilization of natural resources is based on a technology, which respects the cultural features of the population of a given country. This general definition of development includes the specification that social groups have access to organizations, basic services such as education, housing, health services, and nutrition, and above all else, that their cultures and traditions are respected within the social framework of a particular country. In economic terms, the aforementioned definition indicates that for the population of a country, there are...
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...1 THE DONALD MCGANNON COMMUNICATION RESEARCH CENTER WORKING PAPER MEDIA ECONOMICS AND THE BAD & MEDIA POLICY: THE GOOD Philip M. Napoli Director Donald McGannon Communication Research Center Associate Professor, Schools of Business Fordham University Donald McGannon Communication Research Center Faculty Memorial Hall, 4th fl. Bronx, NY 10458 718.817.4195 www.fordham.edu/mcgannon mcgctr@fordham.edu Presented at the Latin American Meeting of the Econometric Society, Santiago, Chile, July, 2004 2 Media Economics and Media Policy: The Good and the Bad Abstract This paper explores the role and function of economics in media policymaking and policy analysis. This paper begins with an overview of the distinctive economics of media industries in an effort to demonstrate the importance of focused and specialized economic analysis of these industries. The paper then chronicles the growing role of economics in U.S. media policymaking and examines both the positive and the negative implications of this transition for media policy. 3 Media Economics and Media Policy: The Good and the Bad Economists traditionally have devoted relatively little attention to media industries, though the level of attention has increased in recent years. This increase in attention is likely due in large part to the wide range of economic questions raised by both the changing media technology environment (see Mitra, 2000/2001), the adoption of new regulatory philosophies in many...
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...INTRODUCTION As per an article on the website , www.venturecapitalresources.com , named “Past and Present of Capital Market” it has been mentioned that the Indian stock markets are one of the oldest in Asia. Its history dates back to nearly 200 years ago. The earliest records of security dealings in India are meager and obscure. By 1830's business on corporate stocks and shares in Bank and Cotton presses took place in Bombay. Though the trading list was broader in 1839, there were only few brokers recognized by banks and merchants during 1840 and 1850. The 1850's witnessed a rapid development of commercial enterprise and brokerage business attracted many men into the field and by 1860 the number of brokers increased into 60. In 1860-61 the American Civil War broke out and cotton supply from United States to Europe was stopped; thus, the 'Share Mania' in India begun. The number of brokers increased to about 200 to 250. However, at the end of the American Civil War, in 1865, a disastrous slump began (for example, Bank of Bombay Share which had touched Rs 2850 could only be sold at Rs. 87). At the end of the American Civil War, the brokers who thrived out of Civil War in 1874, found a place in a street (now appropriately called as Dalal Street) where they would conveniently assemble and transact business. In 1887, they formally established in Bombay, the "Native Share and Stock Brokers' Association" (which is alternatively known as “The Stock Exchange“). Trading was at that time...
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...JOSÉ LUIS MACHINEA Executive Secretary ALICIA BÁRCENA Deputy Executive Secretary Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean economic commission for latin america and the caribbean C E P A L Review NUMBER 85 APRIL 2005 SANTIAGO, CHILE OSCAR ALTIMIR Director REYNALDO BAJRAJ Deputy Director The CEPAL Review was founded in 1976 and is published three times a year by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, which has its headquarters in Santiago, Chile. The Review, however, has full editorial independence and follows the usual academic procedures and criteria, including the review of articles by independent external referees. The Review is distributed to universities, research institutes and other international organizations, as well as to individual subscribers, and is also consulted extensively on the Internet. The purpose of the Review is to contribute to the discussion of socio-economic development issues in the region by offering analytical and policy approaches and articles by economists and other social scientists working both within and outside the United Nations. Accordingly, the editorial board of the Review extends its readers an open invitation to submit for publication articles analysing various aspects of economic and social development in Latin America and the Caribbean. The opinions expressed in the signed articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the...
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...The University of Chicago Red Ink in the Rearview Mirror: Local Fiscal Conditions and the Issuance of Traffic Tickets Author(s): Thomas A. Garrett and Gary A. Wagner Source: Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 52, No. 1 (February 2009), pp. 71-90 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/589702 . Accessed: 12/03/2011 22:11 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucpress. . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. ...
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...MP A R Munich Personal RePEc Archive Financial management practices and their impact on organizational performance Babar Zaheer Butt and Ahmed Imran Hunjra and Kashif-Ur- Rehman Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Iqra University Islamabad Campus, Pakistan 2010 Online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32685/ MPRA Paper No. 32685, posted 15. August 2012 01:05 UTC World Applied Sciences Journal 9 (9): 997-1002, 2010 ISSN 1818-4952 Financial Management Practices and Their Impact on Organizational Performance 1 Babar Zaheer Butt, 2Ahmed Imran Hunjra and 2Kashif-Ur-Rehman 1 2 Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Iqra University Islamabad Campus, Pakistan Abstract: This study measures the relationship between organizational performance and financial management practices like capital structure decision, dividend policy, investment appraisal techniques, working capital management and financial performance assessment in Pakistani corporate sector. Sample of the study consisted of forty companies operating in Pakistan, related to different sectors and listed at Karachi Stock Exchange. The finance executives and financial analysts of the companies responded to questionnaire that identified through company profiles and references. The questionnaires were self administered to collect the data from respondents. The results show a positive and significant relationship between financial management practices and organizational performance in Pakistani corporate sector...
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...aim of the study is to determine the stress level of Turkish and Macedonian teachers living in different socio-cultural and economic situations. The scale used in the study has been developed by researches. 416 Turkish teachers and 213 Macedonian teachers have participated in the study. At the end of the study it was seen that Turkish teachers have mild stress levels and Macedonian teachers have moderate stress levels. There is a meaningful difference in the stress level points of Turkish and Macedonian teachers. Policy makers are advised to analyse the teacher training and assessment system with the assumption that personal and social characteristics and working conditions may have an effect on teacher stress. Implications for further research are also discussed. Keywords: Teacher stress, primary education teachers, Macedonia, Turkey 1.Introduction Stress is the abnormal reaction that the organism displays against threating environmental elements. (Luthans, 1994). Stress, which is a general term used for pressure that people are exposed to in life (Jepson and Forrest, 2006) may be defined as the individual harmony effort that the person displays against a stimulant which has excessive psychological and physical pressure on the person. (Griffin, 1990). When a person feels insufficient in dealing with demands and challenges faced in life, she/he...
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...Introduction: The following three cases discuss information management within three very different types of organizations: (1) a national, online manufacturer/retailer of clothing and sportswear; (2) a major integrated healthcare provider; and (3) a global architectural design and construction firm. Consider each organization in terms of its information management needs at the following three levels of operations: • transacting – operational needs • management and control needs • planning, transformation, and innovation needs From this perspective, consider the following questions for each case study: 1. What information is critical at each level of operations? 2. How is this information collected/created? 3. What role(s) does either data-driven decision making (DSS systems) or knowledge management (KMS systems) play in each of these scenarios? 4. What are the challenges associated with accessing and leveraging business intelligence (BI) - either data-driven or knowledge-based within each enterprise? 5. What are the paybacks from the successful uses of BI? Case 1: CUSTOM MADE APPAREL AND INDIVIDUALIZED SERVICE AT LANDS’ END [adapted from the article by Blake Ives and Gabriele Piccoli, Communications of the Association for Information Systems (Volume 11, 2003)79-93] A Kurt Salmon and Associates study in 1997 found that 36% of consumers were willing to pay 12 to 15% more for custom apparel and footwear...
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...Syllabus ARH 4470/5482 Contemporary Art Spring 2013 Tuesday and Thursday 2:00-3:15pm Chemistry and Physics, Room 197 Instructor: Dr. Alpesh Kantilal Patel Assistant Professor, Department of Art + Art History Director, Master of Fine Arts Program in Visual Arts Contact information for instructor: Department of Art + Art History MM Campus, VH 235 Preferred mode of contact: alpesh.patel@fiu.edu Office hours: By appointment on Tuesdays and Thursdays (preferably after class). Course description: This course examines major artists, artworks, and movements after World War II; as well as broader visual culture—everything from music videos and print advertisements to propaganda and photojournalism—especially as the difference between ‘art’ and non-art increasingly becomes blurred and the objectivity of aesthetics is called into question. Movements studied include Abstract Expressionism, Pop, and Minimalism in the 1950s and 1960s; Post-Minimalism/Process Art, and Land art in the late 1960s and 1970s; Pastiche/Appropriation and rise of interest in “identity” in the 1980s; and the emergence of Post-Identity, Relational Art and Internet/New Media art in the 1990s/post-2000 period. We will focus primarily on artistic production in the US, but we will also be looking at art from Europe, South and East Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Emphasis will be placed on examining artworks and broader visual culture through the lens of a variety of different contextual frameworks:...
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