...Total Quality Management History: The concept of quality can be seen in ancient civilization. Egyptian Pyramids and the Great Wall of China are the evidences from history. The concept of total quality was started back in 1920’s. In 1940, statistical techniques were used to check quality. In 1960 quality management became broader in meaning. In past decades quality management was limited to the production process but now quality control is concept taken as something to be applied in every line of business. Introduction: TQM is management approach to integrate all management activities or organizational function (engineering, finance, customer service, design, marketing, and production, etc.) to focus on meeting customer needs and organizational objectives by delivering high-quality products and services. TQM is a method in which management and employees work in the same line for continuous improvements in goods and services to meet customer expectation and to achieve organizational goals. The ultimate objective of TQM is to minimize defects. The Competition based on quality has grown up in recent years. Companies are focusing on quality improvement in every line of business in order to be more competitive. Companies who do not focus on quality will not survive. Companies took quality concept as a crucial to survive in the market. Features: 1-Customer Focus: The first and most important feature of TQM, on which it emphasis more is ‘Customer’. Company more focus...
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...rejects have increased and as a result the company decided to act as soon as possible. This report defines the investigation done to find the problem by studying the supply chain starting with the production floor in the winding department and then going to the packaging department. In the winding department, no one knows what the problem is or how to correct it. In the packaging department, many windings are found to be defective and require reworking before they can be packaged. This is consuming a lot of time and rework. The report then gives the results found and the recommendations suggested for the problem. Problem analysis: Using some of the TQM tools, we will try to find the cause of the problem. 1. Flow chart Produce by machine #1 Produce by machine #2 Produce by machine #3 Quality Control inspection Inspect electrical pieces Problem ?? Send for packaging Rework The first step is to get an idea on the current workflow. No YES 2. Fish bone The next step is to try to figure out where the problem could be. 3. Data Summary We try to make use of the data received from the company No. of Reject Units by Cause | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Failed | | | No. | | Bad | Twisted | Broken | Abraded | Wrong | Wrong | Electrical | | Date | Inspected | Winder | Wind | Wire | Leads | Wire | Core | Wire | Test | Total | 1 | 100 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | | 100 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1...
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...Seven Quality Control Tools 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Pareto analysis Flowcharts Check sheets Histograms Scatter diagrams Control charts Fishbone diagram 2 Vilfredo Pareto was an Italian economist who noted that approximately 80% of wealth was owned by only 20% of the population. This was true in almost all the societies he studied. 3 1. Pareto analysis Choosing the Most Important Changes to Make Pareto analysis is a very simple technique that helps you to choose the most effective changes to make. It uses the Pareto principle - the idea that by doing 20% of work you can generate 80% of the advantage of doing the entire job. Pareto analysis is a formal technique for finding the changes that will give the biggest benefits. It is useful where many possible courses of action are competing for your attention. 4 It is a statistical technique in decision making that is used for selection of a limited number of tasks that produce significant overall effect. It uses the Pareto principle - the idea that by doing 20% of work you can generate 80% of the advantage of doing the entire job. Or in terms of quality improvement, a large majority of problems (80%) are produced by a few key causes (20%). 5 Pareto analysis is a formal technique useful where many possible courses of action are competing for your attention. Basically, it consists of estimating the benefit delivered by each action...
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...Ishikawa's Message Ishikawa's biggest contribution is in simplifying statistical techniques for quality control in industry. At the simplest technical level, his work has emphasised good data collection and presentation, the use of Pareto Diagrams to prioritise quality improvements and Ishikawa Diagrams. Ishikawa sees the Cause-and-Effect Diagram (or Ishikawa Diagram), like other tools, as a device to assist groups or quality circles in quality improvement. As such, he emphasises open group communication as critical to the construction of the diagrams. Ishikawa diagrams are useful as systematic tools for finding, sorting out and documenting the causes of variation of quality in production and organising mutual relationships between them. Other techniques Ishikawa has emphasised include the seven Quality Control tools. Other than technical contributions to quality, Ishikawa is associated with the Company-wide Quality Control (CWQC) Movement that started in Japan during the period 1955--60 following the visits of Deming and Juran. Ishikawa sees the CWQC as implying that quality does not only mean the quality of product, but also of after sales service, quality of management, the company itself and the human life. The outcomes of such an approach are: 1. Product quality is improved and becomes uniform. Defects are reduced. 2. Reliability of goods is improved. 3. Cost is reduced. 4. Quantity of production is increased, and it becomes possible to make rational production...
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...highlight the contributions and the positive impact that Kaoru Ishikawa made on the Japanese quality movement and towards the overall TQM process. Background Born in 1915, Ishikawa was raised in Tokyo, Japan where he later when on to attend the University of Tokyo in the 1930’s and after a brief stint in the Japanese Navy, he became a Professor of Engineering at that same university in the late 1940’s. By the early 1960’s, he held an executive position at the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE). During his lifetime Ishikawa received various awards and wrote numerous articles and over 30 books. However his two most significant literary works are: “Guide to Quality Control” which was released in 1976. And his second and most notable book “What is Quality Control: The Japanese Way” was released in 1985. Ishikawa continued his contributions to the Total Quality Management philosophy until his death in 1989. Ishikawa Philosophy “Throughout his career, Ishikawa worked on very practical matters, but always within a larger philosophical framework. In its broadest sense, Ishikawa's work was intended to produce what he called a ‘thought revolution’ new ideas about quality that could revitalize industry.” (American Society for Quality (ASQ)) Ishikawa focused on utilizing statistical data such as Pareto charts and histograms when working...
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...PARETO ANALYSIS Category: Analysis Tools ABSTRACT Pareto Analysis(G) is a statistical technique in decision making that is used for the selection of a limited number of tasks that produce significant overall effect. It uses the Pareto Principle (also know as the 80/20 rule) the idea that by doing 20% of the work you can generate 80% of the benefit of doing the whole job. Or in terms of quality improvement, a large majority of problems (80%) are produced by a few key causes (20%) KEYWORDS Pareto Analysis, Pareto Paradigm, Pareto Chart(G), Pareto Principle, Quality Control, organizing data, frequency of impact of problems, process improvement OBJECTIVES A Pareto chart has the following objectives: Separate the few major problems from the many possible problems so you can focus your improvement efforts. Arrange data according to priority or importance. Determine which problems are most important using data, not perceptions. FIELD OF APPLICATION Pareto diagrams could be applied in: designing of medical processes in order to identify errors, faults, incidents or in the construction of a system that reduces the risk of medical care. analyzing performance data in health organizations. RELATED TOOLS Fishbone diagram, Scatter Diagram, Run Charts, Flow Charts DESCRIPTION The Pareto diagram is named after Vilfredo Pareto, a 19th-century Italian economist who conducted a study in Europe in the early 1900s on wealth and poverty. He found that...
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...THE 7 QC TOOLS 1 Introduction The 7 QC Tools are simple statistical tools used for problem solving. These tools were either developed in Japan or introduced to Japan by the Quality Gurus such as Deming and Juran. In terms of importance, these are the most useful. Kaoru Ishikawa has stated that these 7 tools can be used to solve 95 percent of all problems. These tools have been the foundation of Japan's astomishing industrial resurgence after the second world war. The following are the 7 QC Tools : 1. Pareto Diagram 2. Cause & Effect Diagram 3. Histogram 4. Control Charts 5. Scatter Diagrams 6. Graphs 7. Check Sheets 2 Pareto Diagram Pareto Diagram is a tool that arranges items in the order of the magnitude of their contribution, thereby identifying a few items exerting maximum influence. This tool is used in SPC and quality improvement for prioritising projects for improvement, prioritising setting up of corrective action teams to solve problems, identifying products on which most complaints are received, identifying the nature of complaints occurring most often, identifying most frequent causes for rejections or for other similar purposes. The origin of the tool lies in the observation by an Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto that a large portion of wealth was in the hands of a few people. He observed that such distribution pattern was common in most fields. Pareto principle also known as the 80/20 rule is used in the field of materials management for ABC analysis...
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...Excel diagram analysis Institution: Name: The Risk Pareto The risk pareto diagram represented different levels of risk. The low, average and the highest risk were represented in this table. The low had value of 202, the average had a value of 311 while the highest had a value of 355. The cumulative line in the graph revealed total of 868 at the end. The risk pie chart represented the risk levels in percentages. The low risk had a percentage of 23%, the average had a percentage of 36% while the high had a percentage of 41%. Histogram return 2006 The histogram for the 2006 was drawn to find the normality of the data. Since the data revealed a bell-shape histogram, the data was normally distributed. The highest frequency was at the bin of 19 with the lowest being at the 3 bin. Three year return The 3 year also revealed a bell-shaped histogram which was an evidence of normally distributed data. The highest value was at the bin rage of 12.1 with the lowest value on the -5.9. Five year return The five year return on the other hand revealed a bell-shape histogram showing that the data was normally distributed. The highest value was at the bin range of 12.4 with the lowest being at the -11.6 bin range. Contingency table The large cap revealed a total of 450 with 251 being on the “No” and 199 on the “yes”. On the mid cap, the total value was equivalent to 174 with the “no” having a value of 97 while the “yes” had a value of 77. The small cap had a total value...
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...………………………………………….………………………… 2 2.0 The Development of 7 Basic Tools…………………………………………….. 3 3.0 Data Figures ………………………………………..…………………… 3 4.0 Histogram ..………………...…………………………………………………… 5 5.0 Process Control Chart ..………………………….…………………………… 5 6.0 Patero Analysis …………………………………………………………….. 8 7.0 Cause and Effect Diagram ……..………………..……………….……….……. 9 8.0 Trend Analysis ……………………………………………………………………11 9.0 Scatter Diagram…...……………………………………………..………………. 13 10.0 Conclusion…….…………………………………………………………..……... 15 THE SEVEN BASIC QUALITY TOOLS Project Risk, Procurement and Integration Management 1. INTRODUCTION The last two decades have been a period of tremendous turmoil and change in the business environment. Competition in many industries has become worldwide in scope, and the pace of innovation in products and services has accelerated. These changes in business environment have resulted in organisations attempting to transform themselves to become more competitive. Since the early 1980s, many companies have gone through several waves of improvement programs, starting with Just-In-Time (JIT), then moving on to Total Quality Management (TQM), Lean Production, Six Sigma and many other various management programs. Implementing these programmes would require tools for data collection, measure and monitor. There are seven quality control tools which are: * Data figures * Pareto analysis * Cause-and-effect ...
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...One of the seven tools of quality, it shows the relationship of all factors (causes) that lead to the given situation (effect). It identifies major causes and breaks them down into sub-causes and further sub-divisions (if any). It is usually preceded by cause-and-effect analysis. Also called fishbone diagram (because of its resemblance to a fish skeleton) or Ishikawa diagram, after its inventor Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa (1915-89) of Tokyo's Mushasi Institute. flow chart a diagram of the sequence of movements or actions of people or things involved in a complex system or activity. Check sheets The check sheet is a form (document) used to collect data in real time at the location where the data is generated. The data it captures can be quantitative or qualitative. When the information is quantitative, thecheck sheet is sometimes called a tally sheet. Histogram a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval. Pareto charts A Pareto chart, named after Vilfredo Pareto, is a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where individual values are represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line. Control charts The control chart is a graph used to study how a process changes over time. Data are plotted in time order. A control chart always has a central line for the average, an upper line for the upper control limit and a lower...
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...Case Study 8.1: Sour Grape Ice Cream Kelly Epps Reyes Grantham University Case Study 8.1: Sour Grape Ice Cream There are seven common quality tools that the Quality Ice Cream Company could use to understand and improve processes during a production run with the Sour Grape Ice Cream. Flow Chart, Run Chart, Process-Control Chart, Check Sheet, Pareto Diagram, Cause-and-Effect Diagram, and Scatter Diagram. Each of these tools helps to identify sources of variation and aids in the analysis, documentation, and organization of the information, which will leads to process improvement. The company should start with a flowchart or process map to visually represent relationships among the activities and tasks that make up a process. At high levels, process maps help you understand process complexity. At lower levels, they help analyze and improve the process. This will give the company a better idea of what is causing the rejections form happening. A scatter diagram should be made from the data, collected by the production operator. This will show the relationship between the run time and the viscosity of the ice cream. This will also help in finding out how long the ice cream should be mixed for to keep the ice cream from being too soupy or too stiff. From the data collected over the 10 days, it seems like it is not run for enough time, most of the time, resulting in a too soupy product. (Sower, V. 1996, pg. 201-202) After the best run time is determined, they...
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...understanding about this. But today, Quality tools understanding and importance has grown among people and organizations. There are many tools that are used among the organizations that are classified as follows: 1. Cause Analysis Tools: includes Fishbone, Pareto, and Scattered Diagram. 2. Evaluation and Decision Making Tool: Decision Matrix, Multivoting. 3. Process Analysis Tool: includes Flow chart, Failure Mode Effects Analysis, Mistake-proofing and Spaghetti Diagram. 4. Data Collection and Analysis Tools: box and whisker plot, check sheet, control chart, Design of experiments, Histogram, Scatter Diagram, Stratification, and Survey. 5. Idea Creation Tools: Affinity Diagram, Benchmarking, Brainstorming, Nominal Group Technique. 6. Project Planning and Implementation Tool: Gantt Chart, Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle or Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Cycle. 7. Seven New Management and Planning Tools: Affinity Diagram, Relations Diagram, Tree Diagram, Matrix Diagram, Matrix Data Analysis, Arrow Diagram, Process Decision Program Chart. Quality tools & techniques use statistical knowledge to accumulate data and analyze them. It serves diverse range of medical, computing, industrial, telecommunications and defense. These tools drive improvement throughout the organization. Employee has to at all levels has to master the fundamental Quality skills and advanced Quality tools. This is critical to improve the organization process. These tools helps to improve company’s business management...
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...University of Phoenix Material Tools and Decision Making for Ongoing Performance Management Scenario Worksheet As a group, select one scenario that is most applicable to your chosen organization type and complete the worksheet. This worksheet will provide the foundation for completing the Tools and Decision Making for Ongoing Performance Management Presentation. Scenarios • ABC organization has noticed an increase in patients who have acquired infections while receiving care and service. In fact, there seems to be so many different types of infections that the organization does not know where to start. With your guidance, the organization will be able to identify infections and the number of infections per category throughout the facility to determine the vital few and focus their efforts on the few areas that will bring about the greatest return on investment of time and effort. The organization needs to identify which infections affect the most patients. Which tools would you use to make this decision? • DEF organization has received complaints from patients regarding the delays they experienced when checking in for care or service at the front desk to the time they are called to receive their services. The patients commonly described the issues they experienced as a bottleneck. The organization has determined that the admission process needs to be reviewed and suggestions need to be made on ways to streamline the process to more efficiently manage the flow...
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...Unit 1 Quality Manageent MT435-02 -Operations Management Professor: Jason Jackson Magida Taracena 8/2/2014 A business may manufacture goods and to meet their clients needs. It is obvious that many customers always know that some businesses make better products than others, and therefore buys accordingly to it. So, that means that the business must reflect on how the client labels the word quality. I think that quality should be meant at the requirements of the customer. From here we can take that product and service quality is highly influenced by what the client want and especially by what is willing to pay. It all depends on what their needs are, and their quality expectations. The dimensions of quality for manufactured products a consumer seem to be looking for are performance, features, reliability conformance, durability, serviceability, aesthetics, safety, and other perceptions. Performance is basically how well a product is working. Features are the additional piece added. Reliability is basically the possibility that manufactured goods will operate correctly in a projected time. Conformance is the extent to which a product meets the reestablish averages. Durability is practically how long the product will last before it has to be replaced. When it comes to serviceability they are talking about the simplicity of getting things repaired. Aesthetic is the way the product looks to end-users. Safety guarantees clients that they wont experience...
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...Tools and Decision Making for Ongoing Performance Management Scenario Worksheet Paul Boyle, Tamrica Brancatella, Sonya Frazier, Jessica Ives, Kraig Morgan, Rita Riley, and Kelli Simpson HCS/451 February 20, 2012 Roger Arbuckle Tools and Decision Making for Ongoing Performance Management Scenario Worksheet | What kind of information will each tool provide? | Under what conditions is this tool applicable? | FEMA | failure modes and effects analysisis a procedure in product development and operations management for analysis of potential failure modes within a system for classification by the severity and likelihood of the failures. A successful FMEA activity helps a team to identify potential failure modes based on past experience with similar products or processes, enabling the team to design those failures out of the system with the minimum of effort and resource expenditure, thereby reducing development time and costs. It is widely used in manufacturing industries in various phases of the product life cycle and is now increasingly finding use in the service industry. | When a process, product or service is being designed or redesigned, after quality function deployment. When an existing process, product or service is being applied in a new way. * Before developing control plans for a new or modified process. When improvement goals are planned for an existing process, product or service. When analyzing failures of an existing process, product or service. * Periodically...
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