...Development Trust Diploma In HIV Counseling, Care And Prevention SECOND BLOCK ASSIGNMENT SECTION B Discuss the possible psychological effects of HIV and AIDS on a couple that has HIV discordant results June 2011 0772 286 311 HIV discordant couples are those in which one of the couples has HIV negative and the other has HIV positive. Such couples definitely suffer from psychological effects which may range from mild to severe. Psychological effects are those thoughts, feelings and emotions that affect the mental well being of the affected and infected persons. The one living with HIV/AIDS is referred to as the infected while the partner who is HIV negative is referred to as the affected. The following is a list of the most common psychological effects faced by a couple that has HIV discordant results. When a wife or husband tested HIV positive will need to develop new coping patterns and this may trigger a variety of reactions from others such as family members, partner, employees, co-workers, counselors and other helping professionals. • Fear • Loss • Grief • Guilt • Denial • Anger • Anxiety • Low self esteem • Depression • Suicidal behavior • Feelings of isolation The psychological effects vary from individual to individual and not everyone experience all the emotional responses because HIV/AIDS situation is as unique as...
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...Thinking It Over if you prefer to listen to the case study. After reviewing the case study, answer the questions on below. Gayle and Patrick have been in a monogamous marriage for seven years. During a medical checkup, Gayle finds that she is HIV positive. Because she has not been sexually active outside her marriage and has never injected drugs, received a blood transfusion, or been hospitalized, she is quite certain that Patrick must have infected her. When she calls the local health clinic to discover if Patrick has been tested for HIV, they tell her that this information is confidential. She does not want to confront Patrick for fear that he may not be infected and she will have to explain her own infection. Audio: Thinking It Over This is a difficult situation for Gayle to find herself in. She has to deal with two very large issues — she's infected with a life-threatening virus and she's living with doubt and fear about her partner. Since she's quite certain he transmitted the virus to her, he most likely is infected. How did he become infected? In what behavior did he participate that put him at risk, and eventually put her at risk as well? Why didn't he tell her about it? Why didn't he have himself tested to make sure he was HIV-free? Most people in such cases would be angry with their partners. But Gayle is holding out that there's a possibility that Patrick isn't infected. Now she has to deal with the issue of disclosing this news to Patrick and confronting him with...
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...OSHA The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) is a federal agency that operates under the U.S. Department of Labor. They are a law regulating agency that enforces laws that are put in place to protect employees in their place of work. The mission of OSHA is to ensure that businesses provide safe and healthy working environments for all their employees. In 1974 OSHA was developed and established by congress. In the 1960s there was a 20% rise in work-related accidents and injuries and something needed to be done to keep these numbers from increasing. House Representative William A. Steiger successfully passed a bill that would create OSHA. President Richard M. Nixon signed The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 on December 29th of 1970. OSHA was open for business in April of 1971. OSHA covered 56 million workers at 3.5 million various industries and businesses. OSHA created and organized standards at foundations such as the National Fire Protection Organization, American National Standards Institution, and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist. OSHA developed its first training program in Chicago in the mid-1970s. The training programs purpose was to educate its inspectors, and administer employers and employees training on safety standards. In 1975 OSHA had state authorities instruct onsite consolation programs at no cost. In the 1980’s OSHA started to make medical and exposure records the main focal point. In the 80’s OSHA...
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...Prisoner Health: HIV infection and, other blood-borne viral infections. Amanda Messler-Layman Regulatory Agency HCS/430 10/21/2012 Prisoner Health: HIV infection and, other blood-borne viral infections. The topic is prisoner healthcare and, HIV infection and, other blood-borne viral infections. The paper is to let you know what the agency plans and, what they are doing to help the prisoners get the proper care that they need not only for them but for the guards, other prisoners safety. The role of the agency is to establish sound data regarding the extant of the problem and, how problematic it can be if there is nothing done. The data will help let the agencies know what has to be done and, how bad this is in the prisons. What type of plan that they have how much this is going to cost them? They also can check in to a grant to help with the cost. The Health Protection Agency Prison Infection Prevention Team is the name of the agency that is trying to help improve the health care in our prisons this is what we need to help the spread of infections in the prisons. They are the agency that gathers all the data and, they do research on men and, women on what their problems and concerns are. They need to see what the needs of the prisoners are what they are getting and, what they are not getting that they need. How they are getting treated and, what are the complaints are if not. Are they being offered quality manner in...
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...HIV runs high in many other countries outside of America. One country that is at high stake for HIV would be Africa. Africa has allowed many HIV trial vaccinations to have a play in the life of many HIV participants. There are 30 HIV stages of development with local vaccinations. Some of the HIV vaccinations are recombinant subunit vaccine, which is simulating the outside or other part of the virus. Some participating volunteers serve high risks such as: mild or sever adverse reaction, serious infection, immune tolerance, pain or malaise, fatigue, anxiety and stress. Ethical Issues in HIV vaccine trials in South Africa, By: C. Slack,G. Lindegger, E. Vardas, L. Richter, A. Strode and D. Wassenaar. June 2000. This is something that is suppose to help treat HIV but at the same time can hurt the patient as well considering it is just trial versions and not completely affective. This is shown that many people chose to try and be vaccinated in order to help prevent the HIV disease from spreading, but at the same time there are many side affects to these trials. So we are not really going to help the patient, rather prolong the symptoms of HIV and also hurt the patient, with all these other side effects that come along with the vaccination. This is an ethical issue because we want the patients to have a chance of fighting the HIV, but at the same time these results are not producing results that we would like. There is no cure that will rid the HIV virus that someone may consume...
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...and Testing Campaign in the Ga-Motupa Community in Limpopo Mushwana Sipho Simeon An assignment submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Philosophy (HIV & AIDS Management) at the University of Stellenbosch Africa Centre for HIV &AIDS Management Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences Supervisor: Gary Eva March 2011 Declaration I hereby declare that the entire work contained in this document is my original work and I have not previously submitted the same work to the same or another institution for another qualification. All sources used are herein acknowledged and referenced. Date: 22 January 2011 Copyright©2011 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Abstract The National Department of Health and The South African National AIDS Council (SANAC) jointly agreed to launch a massive campaign for HIV Counselling and Testing. The campaign was launched as an effort to step up and supplement and modify the programmes that are already running in the country, to fight HIV and AIDS. The campaign is known as the National HIV Counselling and Testing Campaign and it is based on the National HIV Counselling and Testing Campaign Strategy of SANAC (2010). The study aimed to investigate the impact of the campaign in terms of awareness levels of the benefiting groups as well as the challenges experienced...
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...Introduction In any workplace, there are many codes of conduct involved. Employees are bound to these rules and regulations in order for any organizations to work smoothly (Schermerhorn, 2010). However, there are times where the lines are blurred due to various reasons. Sometimes, relationships, beliefs and principles come into play when the time comes for one to make certain decisions. This scenario is called an ethical dilemma whereby individuals are forced to weigh the right and wrong of their actions (Westerholm, Nilstun, & Øvretveit, 2004). Therefore, this paper is going to examine the ethical dilemma that can happen in a workplace and try to find the appropriate resolution to this conflict based on ethical theories. To answer this question, this essay will, firstly, describe a work situation at my previous employment that has posed an ethical dilemma for me. Later, this essay will look at the resolution, if any, that has taken place to solve the dilemma. Finally, by using the Utilitarianism theory, this paper is going to analyze and assess whether the resolution is ethical. Description of a work situation with an ethical dilemma At my previous employment, I have worked as a technical communicator for a major health organization. My task is to develop a new software system acting as a database that will gather all the necessary records from hospitals, clinics, health maintenance organizations, laboratories and physicians around my area. These records that contained...
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...TABLE OF CONTENT PART 1 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HIV/AIDS age breakdown – South Africa (1998-2000) 3. Division of two organizations (education and mining sector) 4.1. Education sector 4.2. Mining sector 4.3. Gender breakdown 4.4. Provincial break down 4. Life expectancy 5.5. The potential impact on the demographic profile of the work in education 5.6. How HIV/AIDS affect the work in education 5.7. How HIV/AIDS influence my school as an organization 5.8. Should my school or my organization start to replace labour with technology: 5.9. To whom the department of education supply learners 5.10. What impact will HIV/AIDS have on educational labour bill 5.11. My organization start to employ people from abroad 5. Stigmatization 6. AIDS impact model (Aim) 7.12. Definition 7.13. Recruitments costs 7.14. Training costs 7.15. Health care 7.16. Formulating a sound HIV/AIDS policy 7.17. Establishing HIV/AIDS prevention support 7.18. Condom distribution 7.19. Provision sexual transmitted disease and other care 7.20. Counseling care and support for employees with HIV/AIDS 7.21. Education programme 7.22. Monitoring and evaluation PART 2 1.1. Introduction 1.2. HIV/AIDS awareness programs (step 1) 1.3. Voluntary testing (step 2) 1.4. Disclosing information 1.5. Outline the relationship...
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...Mitigation and adaptation measures to HIV/AIDS in the Philippines Mitigation and adaptation measures to HIV/AIDS in the Philippines STS 1 - X GROUP 16 STS 1 - X GROUP 16 Mitigation and adaptation measures to HIV/AIDS in the Philippines ------------------------------------------------- Factolerin, M., Mantala, C.J., Bernardo, M.C., Villa, A., Navarro, A.J., Ausa, E., Obiña, M.L., Velarde, E., Bernabe, M., Lusanta, A., & Bolanos, J. I. Introduction Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pattern of devastating infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmitted through the exchange of a variety of body fluids from infected individuals. It occurs in three ways: sexual transmission, exposure to infected blood or blood products, or perinatal transmission, which includes breastfeeding. The likelihood for transmission is affected by social, cultural, and environmental factors that differ between and within the various regions, countries, and continents. This virus attacks and destroys certain white blood cells that are essential to the body’s immune system (UNAIDS, 2000). When HIV infects a cell, it combines with that cell's genetic material and may lie inactive for years. Most people infected with HIV are still healthy and can live for years with no symptoms or only minor illnesses. They might be infected with HIV, but this does not necessarily mean that they have AIDS. HIV targets CD4+ lymphocytes that help recognize and destroy bacteria, viruses...
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...Corporation SWAT, 2009). With the rise in global communication associated with the information age, companies like Chevron have to establish symbiotic relationships, focused on sustainable development, with society in order to satisfy increasingly environmentally conscious stakeholders. In this context a symbiotic relationship refers to one that is cooperative and mutually beneficial (Langella et al. 2012, 51). At the foundation of such a relationship is respect for health and wellbeing of communities that interact with the company and its operations. Chevron has displayed care and respect for the local communities and their welfare on a number of occasions, more notably their efforts in the fight against AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria (HIV/AIDS; Chevron 2010). However this has been eclipsed in the media by the company’s display of profound negligence in their...
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...HIV/AIDS INTRODUCTION At the beginning of the 20th Century it was believed by many, including the United States Patent Office, that there was nothing else to invent. Now, 100 years later at the beginning of the new millenium the ancient Egyptian philosopher is more relevant, "there is nothing new under the Sun". While HIV/AIDS may be a new disease, there is nothing new about a novel epidemic, which can potentially or actually decimate a population. In the late middle ages, the Black, now known as the Bubonic Plague, swept through Europe killing virtually half the population. It was introduced by a single or small group of rats that came to Italy abroad a trading ship from what is now Turkey. Small Pox transmitted by trade goods from the Hudson Bay Company wiped out entire Native American tribes. There are other examples of diseases accidentally introduced to a population that had no genetic immunity to them. Not to mention NASA's fear of an unbeatable super virus from outer space. Now as in previous diseases, one of the dangers of HIV/AIDS is not only in its plague proportions but also in the almost superstitious misunderstanding of the virus itself. In the treatment of all illness, it is necessary to understand the emotional, economic, psychological and sometimes even political impact that is brought about by the disease. This is particularly true with a disease that is as devastating and heretofore misunderstood as HIV/AIDS. AIDS is the punishment of God on sinners....
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...GOOD MARKETING STRATEGIES CONTENTS 1. Introduction …………………….……..……….………………………………..…….3 2. Relationship Marketing…………………………………..………………………..….3-4 2.1 The Extent to Which It Is Practise.……………..………………………..….4 -5 2.2 Appropriateness of Relationship Marketing …………………………….….5-7 3. Customer Satisfaction …………………………………..………………………..….7 3.1 Measuring Patient Satisfaction…………………………………………....…..8 3.1.1 Patient Satisfaction Measures…………………………………………...…..8-9 3.2 Managing Patient Satisfaction………………………………………….……..9-10 4. Communications Mix…………………………………………………………………...9 4.1 Informative Promotion …..…………………………………………….….….10 4.2 The Communications Mix…………………………………………….…..….10-11 4.3 Successes……………………………………………………………………..11-12 5. Advertising………………………………………………………………………..…..13 5.1 Social-Cause Advertising……………………………………………….....…14 5.2 The Message ………………………………………………………………….14 5.3 The Medium……………………………………………………………….…14-15 5.4 Measuring Advertising Effectiveness…………………………………….….15 6. Conclusion………………………..……………………………………………………..17 7. Recommendation………………..………………………………………………………17 8. References……………………………………………………………………………….18 1. INTRODUCTION Every organisation has various strategies to market their organisation. For an organisation to be successful, they have to develop a marketing strategy. In my report I will analyse four marketing strategies in relation to my organisation...
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...Contents Case I 2 Toyota Ignorance on Safety 2 Impact on Individual, Organization and Society 3 Case II 6 Ethical Dilemma in Nigeria 6 Impact on Student, School and the society 7 Case III 10 HIV positive nurse gets sentenced on deliberate transmission of the disease 10 Impact on Individual, Organization and Society 10 Reference 13 Appendix 01 14 Appendix 02 15 Appendix 03 17 Case I Toyota Ignorance on Safety Toyota Moto Corporation is one of the world’s leading companies in the automobile industry. However their reputation has been greatly damaged when they deliberately ignored safety concerns by refusing to admit the acceleration problems in their automobiles. Failure to input a break override system to prevent accidents further aggravated the situation. Complaints from over 1,000 Toyota owners have been filed since 2001. The accidents have caused the life of at least 19 people, and resulted in several injuries over the last decade (Krolicki & Hill, 2010). At a report published by the Federal Regulatory system it says that, these accidents are far more than any other automobile company has experienced. In order to comprehend for the probes, Toyota managed to collect fewer than 85,000 defected vehicles. Over the last decade National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has investigated more than eight cases filed by Toyota owners. However six other cases were closed by the Federal agency without finding any problems in the vehicles (Vartabedian...
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...their employees are doing a good job, but employees don't want their every sneeze or trip to the water cooler logged. That's the essential conflict of workplace monitoring. New technologies make it possible for employers to monitor many aspects of their employees' jobs, especially on telephones, computer terminals, through electronic and voice mail, and when employees are using the Internet. Such monitoring is virtually unregulated. Therefore, unless company policy specifically states otherwise (and even this is not assured), your employer may listen, watch and read most of your workplace communications. One company offers technology that claims to provide insight into individual employee behavior based on the trail of "digital footprints" created each day in the workplace. This behavioral modeling technology can piece together all of these electronic records to provide behavior patterns that employers may utilize to evaluate employee performance and conduct. For example, it might look for word patterns, changes in language or style, and communication patterns between individuals. Recent surveys have found that a majority of employers monitor their employees. They are motivated by concern over litigation and the increasing role that electronic evidence plays in lawsuits and government agency investigations (Ross, 1988) (Trochim, 2009). A 2007 survey by the American Management Association and the e-Policy Institute found that two-thirds of employers monitor their employees' web...
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...AIDS is cause by HIV, a virus that gradually attacks the body’s immune cells. It leaves the body unable to defend itself against infections, which normally leads to death. AIDS is caught by the HIV virus entering the bloodstream, usually by sexual intercourse or the use of contaminated needles. Africa, Asia, and Latin America have been hit the worst by the pandemic, accounting for roughly 85% to 90% of total world infections (The economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa p.7). Furthermore, Africa is home to over 68 per cent (22.5 million) of people living with HIV/AIDS, and in 2005 alone, about 2 million Africans died as result of AIDS (An Empirical Analysis p.387). Although this disease affects all areas the data seems to show that Sub-Saharan Africa has been hit the worst. As discussed earlier, there are roughly 33 million Africans infected with HIV/AIDS and currently, it is the leading cause of death in Africa (The economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa p.10). There are several reasons for Africa’s severe problem with the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Civil unrest, territorial wars, rape, lack of education, poverty, female status, male migration, poor health care, and nutrition all account for the spreading of the HIV/AIDS virus (The economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa p.8) Research conducted by The International Monetary Fund predicts GDP growth to fall from 5.5 percent a year without AIDS to between 1.5 and 2.5 percent a year with AIDS (The economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa...
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