...LiteGreen: Saving Energy in Networked Desktops Using Virtualization Tathagata Das tathadas@microsof t.com Microsoft Research India Pradeep Padala∗ Venkata N. Padmanabhan ppadala@docomolabs-usa.com padmanab@microsof t.com DOCOMO USA Labs Microsoft Research India Kang G. Shin kgshin@eecs.umich.edu The University of Michigan U.S. Of this, 65 TWh/year is consumed by PCs in enterprises, which constitutes 5% of the commercial building electricity consumption in the U.S. Moreover, market projections suggest that PCs will continue to be the dominant desktop computing platform, with over 125 million units shipping each year from 2009 through 2013 [15]. The usual approach to reducing PC energy wastage is to put computers to sleep when they are idle. However, the presence of the user makes this particularly challenging in a desktop computing environment. Users care about preserving long-running network connections (e.g., login sessions, IM presence, file sharing), background computation (e.g., syncing and automatic filing of new emails), and keeping their machine reachable even while it is idle. Putting a desktop PC to sleep is likely to cause disruption (e.g., broken connections), thereby having a negative impact on the user, who might then choose to disable the energy savings mechanism altogether. To reduce user disruption while still allowing machines to sleep, one approach has been to have a proxy on the network for a machine that is asleep [33]. However, this approach suffers from...
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...by more than 24% (Campaign to Protect Rural England, n.d). In addition, the amount of truly dark sky reduced significantly from a sixth to a tenth of the country. The major world cities are densely populated, and also contain towering skyscrapers. People living in these cities who venture outdoors in the evening can almost feel blinded by the intrusive outdoor lighting. One of the major cities in the world that has been affected the most by light pollution is Hong Kong, where the night skies are more than 1000 times brighter than the acceptable global levels. In order to fight the rising problem of light pollution, there is need for governments, businesses and individuals to join hands to ensure that the effects are mitigated. This paper discusses the effect of light pollution on wildlife and human beings, and provides solutions to the problem. Background Light pollution can be defined as any light that shines outdoors and has an effect on natural landscapes and/or living things (Jacobson, 2012). In modern cities, for example, lights from buildings and streets illuminate the night skies causing most stars to seem invisible. These effects can be noticed both in the urban center, as well as for several miles outside of that center. Mizon (2012) points out that when you view satellites at night, you may be able to see this kind of pollution as a glowing region around urban centres. When light creates a glow that can in any way interfere with the natural environment...
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...Genetics, Brain Structure, and Behavior Presentation Janelle Gunnels Psy/340 April 25, 2013 Ioannis Papazafiropoulos Genetics, Brain Structure, and Behavior Presentation Team B presented a presentation explaining the genetics, brain structure, and behavior of individuals suffering Bipolar illness. This paper will evaluate their presentation and explain bipolar illness, explain the neurological damage or changes to the brain as a result of the illness, and also an explanation of the behavioral or functional changes that can occur as a result of the illness. I will touch bases on the following: • A description of the suspected or known causes of the illness • A discussion of current treatments or therapies and future research for the prevention or cure of the illness • The role of genetics on the onset of the illness • The visual appeal of the presentation • The overall organization of the information presented What is Bipolar disorder? Bipolar disorder is a mental illness which is also commonly known as manic-depressive illness. It is a brain disorder which causes abnormal changes in mood, energy and activity. This disorder interferes with one’s ability to handle everyday task. The symptoms and effects are extreme as this is considered a long term illness. Bipolar Disorder normally appears in an individual...
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...on doing this Research Paper. “Is it entrainable or not?”, one question with different ideas and information’s sticking with it. No specific and particular reviews I need to provide about it, I just need to gather information by means of researching just to know if Circadian Rhythm is entrainable or not. Although the process is not easy, as people who have suffered from a jetlag, because the more time you did not sleep, the more you will suffer Circadian Rhythm. Sleep and waking, for instance, occur naturally to the beat of an internal pacemaker, which works on a cycle of about twenty-four-hours. My purpose on making and researching is to have broad ideas and I need to answer the question bothering me if it is entrainale or not. I need to defend my title against myself to be proudly to present it and defend it easily.In my title, I used the questioning type because I want to know if Circadian Rhythm is truly entrainable or not. Y abstract focuses on the summary of my entire research paper and what are my goals and objectives on making this research. In listing the methods and procedures, my goal is to give the reader sufficient information to be able to understand it clearly. I have also results to give some description and guide to help the reader recognize my important points. Also the written conclusions were I stated what I’ve learned and proved. Lastly, in the bibliography I listed different references I used in my Research Paper to gather more...
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...Communication Submitted To: Madam Aneesa Zafar Assignment: Writing a Term Paper Registration No: SP07-BBA-033 Submitted By: Sidrah Khan Class: BBA-8 Circadian Rhythms as a basis of mood disorder, in particular bipolar disorder. Introduction: The complex structure and the functions of the human body has been a subject of study by a lot of individuals since a very long time. The curiosity of the human being supporting it, further aids in discovering the secrets hidden behind the way a human being is. Biological rhythms or circadian rhythms also make up one of the hidden secrets for the functions of the human beings and scheduling of various tasks. The terms Circadian is derived from Latin word Circa, “around” or “about” and diem or dies “day” meaning literally “about a day” or “around a day”. This circadian rhythm is already built in the complex human body but is regulated by external factors known as “zeitgebers”. The primary or the most important zeitgebers is ‘light’ which helps human automatically start a particular process in one’s life and controls various cycles at regular intervals. This may include sleep/wake cycle, eating habits, seasonal affective disorder (SAD) or bipolar disorder. Scientists have long been researching the effects of disturbance of circadian rhythms and its consequences on the life of a human being. This paper also considers the facts that have been established in this area to identify and discuss...
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...Research Paper: Sleep Deprivation vs Alcohol and Driving Theodore S Mikelonis Colorado Christian University SLEEP DEPRIVATION VS ALCOHOL AND DRIVING 2 Sleep deprivation vs alcohol and driving We all can relate to a lack of sleep sometime in our life. But, how many of us risk getting behind the wheel of a car? Though driving drunk is often considered worse than driving sleep deprived; they both share deadly consequences. In, this paper I hope to show that sleep deprivation is more dangerous behind the wheel of a car then being drunk. A few things will address are drunk driving, the legal limit, sleep deprivation and excessive daytime sleepiness or (EDS). Lastly, the reason for this topic of study is I usually work a swing shift job...
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...health concerns and is very stressful on the mind and body of these employees. I have worked on both a permanent and rotating schedule and can attest to the effects this type of work has on one’s body. Personally, I feel more energized and overall healthier on a regular schedule. Research Questions 1. What are the main health concerns with rotating shifts and the effects on one’s body? There are many concerns with working on a rotating basis, mainly depending on the how quick are the shifts rotated? “Shift work disorder is a sleep disorder characterized by sleepiness and insomnia, which can be attributed to the person’s work schedule” (Anbazhagan, Ramesh, Nisha, & Joseph, 2016, p. 35). Anbazhagan, Ramesh, Nisha, and Joseph (2016) conducted a descriptive study on random sleep samplings to determine to hazards of shift work disorder. Bourdouxhe, and Queinnec (1999), in another study, showed that workers suffered from chronic fatigue, health problems, and a disruption of social and family...
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...CAUSES AND EFFECTS Determining Causes and Effects Lila Thompson Rodney L. Baker ENG 115 English Composition May 22, 2016 CAUSES AND EFFECTS My research on determining the cause and effects of stress on college students is complied at the request of the President of Strayer University. The purpose of presenting this research paper to senior administration is to help students have a more positive college experience. College is a new and exciting time, but it can be overwhelming. Among all of the new experiences, learning, and growing opportunities available in college environment, many may lead to unhealthy levels of stress which hinder students’ abilities to socialize and to achieve their academic goals. Recognizing the source of stress is important in preventing it from becoming unmanageable or debilitating. There are several reasons why students are stressed out in college, therefore this research paper seeks to explain the major causes and effects of stress on college students, the economic effects of the cause, and the effects on people. What is Stress? Stress is the body’s reaction to a challenge. Though stress is often perceived as bad, it can actually be good in some respects. The right kind of stress can sharpen the mind and reflexes. It might be able to help the body perform, or help us escape a dangerous situation. Stress produces a physiological reaction in our body. Hormones are released, which result in physical manifestations of stress. These can include slowed...
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...Elements. 6 2.3 Factors Affecting Performances 6 2.3.1 Fitness and Health 5 2.3.2 Stress 7 2.3.3 Workload 10 2.3.4 Sleep 13 2.3.5 Circadian Rhythms 15 2.3.6 Fatigue & Shift Work 17 2.3.7 Alcohol, Medication and Drug Abuse 23 2.3 FACTOR AFFECTING PERFORMANCE 32 2.4 TYPES OF ERROR IN AVIATION 36 2.5 MANAGING ERROR IN AVIATION 36 CHAPTER 3 : CONTENTS 38 CHAPTER 4 : RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION 42 REFRENCES 43 CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION Errors are the result of actions that fail to generate the intended outcomes. In common with most other complex technical activities, human error is implicated in the majority of aviation-maintenance-related quality lapses, incidents, and accidents. General estimates of this human error contribution have increased over the years, from a low of around 20% in the 1960s to values in excess of 80% in the 1990s. Human error in aviation is somewhat of a sensitive topic due to the recent tragic events of September 11, 2001. The goal of this research is to understand human error in aviation, in order to understand how designing better computer systems can assist in making the aviation industry safer for pilots and passengers, by reducing human error. This paper does not attempt to address accidents caused by cowardly acts of terrorism. Many people do not know that on February 20, 1981 a modern Argentine jet airliner...
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...(2007) 274 – 284 Altered sleep–wake cycles and physical performance in athletes Thomas Reilly ⁎, Ben Edwards Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Henry Cotton Campus, 15-21 Webster Street, Liverpool, L3 2ET, United Kingdom Received 14 August 2006; accepted 4 September 2006 Abstract Sleep–waking cycles are fundamental in human circadian rhythms and their disruption can have consequences for behaviour and performance. Such disturbances occur due to domestic or occupational schedules that do not permit normal sleep quotas, rapid travel across multiple meridians and extreme athletic and recreational endeavours where sleep is restricted or totally deprived. There are methodological issues in quantifying the physiological and performance consequences of alterations in the sleep–wake cycle if the effects on circadian rhythms are to be separated from the fatigue process. Individual requirements for sleep show large variations but chronic reduction in sleep can lead to immuno-suppression. There are still unanswered questions about the sleep needs of athletes, the role of ‘power naps’ and the potential for exercise in improving the quality of sleep. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Circadian rhythm; Exercise; Jet-lag; Shift-work 1. Introduction The sleep–wakefulness cycle is the most discernable of human circadian functions, activity being associated with the hours of daylight and sleep with the hours of darkness...
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...for regulating biological functions including wakefulness, sleep, appetite, and temperature. These physiological aspects are absolutely necessary for a healthy life cycle, therefore, ensuring that these cells that control circadian rhythms are properly functioning is crucial to health. Maintaining a balanced lifestyle where we receive an adequate amount of physical activity and sleep as well as nutrients is something that many individuals are aware of, though, when we lead busy lives that disrupt our sleep or appetite patterns, circadian rhythms can become poorly affected and/or altered by negative impacts from daily activities. Shift work, for instance, can often be stressful on our circadian rhythms, which can later lead to avoidable illnesses and diseases. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the basis of circadian rhythms as well as how certain physiological processes can be affected by shift work. Circadian rhythms are regular fluctuations that occur in parts of the body, depending on physiological function; these fluctuations go from high to low points within a twenty-four hour time frame ("Circadian rhythm", n.d.). These patterns are important to note as having knowledge on "biological clocks" can assist in finding cures to issues such as "sleep disorders, jet lag and other health problems" (NIGMS, 2012, para. 11). According to the Polyphasic Society: "When we refer to a circadian rhythm in polyphasic sleep we refer to the rhythm with which the body keeps to detect...
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...Psychology Ashley B. McVey Cecil College Abstract Whether it is the study of biopsychology and other fields of psychology or neuroscience, all psychologists and scientists are trying to understand the functions of the brain. The body and mind connection and how it reacts to certain behaviors or illnesses. Most all psychological functioning can be reduced to underlying brain processes. This should serve as reason alone as to why biology plays an important part in the study of psychology. Psychological factors play a role in whether a person develops a mental illness and in how well they recover from a mental illness, yet biological and genetic risk factors, or predispositions, are fundamentals to understanding mental illnesses. In this paper, we will look at Parkinson’s disease as an example of how biology has brought us to a deeper understanding of the psychology of mental illness. Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the psychological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain functions and behaviors. For this reason, biology plays a very important role in the study of psychology. Psychology determines what people perceive to feel and behave, but underlying it all, ultimately determining the way we act, feel and behave, is biology. A biological perspective...
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...15, 2012 College English/Surinak Senior Research Paper Period 2 Wake Up Later and Your Grades Will Be Greater High school is a part of every teenager’s life whether they like it or not. Although it is not a requirement; most, if not all, teenagers will experience at least one year of high school. With the experience of high school, students will also go through waking up early sometimes at five or six a.m. The starting time of high schools has been highly debated for several years. Those who debate this topic usually dispute on whether or not changing the time would be beneficial. Psychologists estimate that as many as 30% of children may have a sleep disorder at some point during childhood. Sleep disorders have implications both for social-emotional adjustment and for school performance. For this reason it is important for both parents and educators to understand how sleep works and how disruptions in normal sleep patterns can affect children and teenagers. Starting school just a half an hour later would benefit the most families and students, and also to accommodate for teens' sleep needs. One of the main beneficial topics to argue for starting school later is attendance. Schools should start later because it is proven that students will have higher attendance. If students can get more sleep, they are more likely to attend school on a regular basis. Studies have shown that after puberty, teenagers require more sleep, around nine and a half hours, and are getting...
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...Practice Matrix of Ten Pieces of Primary Research on One Topic Related to Nursing | |Authors | |Authors | |Authors | Authors |Resource/ Database |Year of Publication |Research Type |Population/ Sample Size |Outcome Variables Measured |Pertinent Data from Results |Author’s Suggested Conclusions |Comments | |Chou, Y., Shao, M.,Tzeng, W.& Yeh, M. |WGU Library |2010 |Cross-sectional |435 female nurses from five different hospitals |Sleep quality and quality of life in female shift-working nurses |57% had global sleep-quality scores > or = to 5 |Long hours affect nurses sleep quality and information should be given while in school and to managers to improve health |It was interesting to see the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and World Health Organization...
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...Project”. Gap Analysis: Objectives: Implement Green IT project Findings: the weaknesses and opportunities Weakness: Energy usage still not efficient enough, Printers (Paper Usage still HIGH), When employee away from their desk the computer still ON * Paperless Project Going paperless is one of the most obvious changes every companies can make All status reports, project plan updates, status meeting notes, issues/risks lists, etc. are all created and delivered electronically. The only paper that has been created has been occasional hardcopy output of the Project Kick-off materials for the meetings at the beginning of each project. That’s fairly acceptable since it’s the first time that you’re actually in front of the customer face-to-face on each project. After that, it’s all paperless. Between 70-80% of an organization’s processes are still being managed on paper. The Paperless Project coalition developed its GO GREEN initiative to identify common paper intensive processes and convert them into automated workflows. Reducing bulky paper is just the beginning of the payoff. Not only will the switch to a paperless office increase workplace productivity, but it will also: • Reduce costs of paper related actions including copying, printing, and storing. • Allow for less time spent searching for paper documentation. • Increase response time to clients and customers. • Refocus staff onto other critical administrative tasks. Regardless of company size, adapting an electronic...
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