...Associations Among Health Literacy and Outcomes in Pregnancy: A Systematic Literature Review Pregnancy and childbirth is often a woman’s first adult encounter with the health care system (Ferguson, 2008). Pregnant women need to have the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitude to best interact with the complex health care system. Outcomes such as low birth weight, premature delivery and breastfeeding rates have significant influence on a child’s health as well as increased cost to the system. The medical cost of a preterm birth is approximately three times more than a term birth. In 2005, the estimated cost associated with preterm birth was $26.2 billion when accounting for medical, educational and lost productivity costs (Institute of Medicine,...
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...Teenage Pregnancy Unit Teenage pregnancy: an overview of the research evidence Introduction In 1999 the government’s ten-year national Teenage Pregnancy Strategy was launched. The main aims of the strategy are to: • Reduce the rate of teenage conceptions with the specific aim of halving the rate of conceptions among under-18s, and to set a firmly established downward trend in the rate of conceptions among under-16s, by 2010 • Increase the participation of teenage parents in education, training and employment to 60% by 2010, to reduce their risk of long-term social exclusion. This briefing presents headline findings from key research relating to teenage pregnancy and parenthood which has emerged (mainly) since the launch of the strategy. The topics covered include research on young people’s sexual behaviour; sources of sex and relationships information; what works in preventing teenage pregnancy; who is at risk of becoming a teenage parent; how to support teenage parents, and many more. It draws on a range of sources including systematic reviews of the effectiveness of prevention and support interventions, national surveys and primary research studies. The emphasis is on the UK and specifically English research. It was compiled by Catherine Dennison, Research Manager supporting the Teenage Pregnancy Unit. Although not representing a systematic or exhaustive search of the published literature, the briefing is intended to be of use to those engaged in implementing the Teenage...
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...Teenage Pregnancy Unit Teenage pregnancy: an overview of the research evidence Introduction In 1999 the government’s ten-year national Teenage Pregnancy Strategy was launched. The main aims of the strategy are to: • Reduce the rate of teenage conceptions with the specific aim of halving the rate of conceptions among under-18s, and to set a firmly established downward trend in the rate of conceptions among under-16s, by 2010 • Increase the participation of teenage parents in education, training and employment to 60% by 2010, to reduce their risk of long-term social exclusion. This briefing presents headline findings from key research relating to teenage pregnancy and parenthood which has emerged (mainly) since the launch of the strategy. The topics covered include research on young people’s sexual behaviour; sources of sex and relationships information; what works in preventing teenage pregnancy; who is at risk of becoming a teenage parent; how to support teenage parents, and many more. It draws on a range of sources including systematic reviews of the effectiveness of prevention and support interventions, national surveys and primary research studies. The emphasis is on the UK and specifically English research. It was compiled by Catherine Dennison, Research Manager supporting the Teenage Pregnancy Unit. Although not representing a systematic or exhaustive search of the published literature, the briefing is intended to be of use to those engaged in implementing the Teenage...
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...Qualitative Research Article Critique June Cleaver, RN NUR410: Research in Nursing Boston December 12, 2011 Title of Paper In order to obtain the greatest benefit from research, it is necessary to interpret results accurately. The development and application of critical thinking skills is paramount when reading and evaluating research articles, rather than to take the research as fact. The following paper is a critique of a qualitative research article published in 2007 by Journal of Critical Nursing, titled “The Effects of Different Maternal Positions on Non-Stress Test: An Experimental Study”. Title and Introduction The title “The Effects of Different Maternal Positions on Non-Stress Test: An Experimental Study” (Alus, Okumus, Mete, Guclu, 2007) accurately reflected the content of the article and research study. The abstract remained concise as well as provided more detail to the article. The objectives, background, study design, means of data collection and analysis, results; conclusion, and relevance to clinical practice were all mentioned in a brief paragraph. The importance of the study was clearly stated, obtaining erroneous results from non-stress tests, when, indeed, the fetus is healthy and well oxygenated. The authors further described the supine position showed the least fetal activity, increased maternal back pain as well as maternal shortness of breath. (Alus, Okumus, Mete, & Serkan, 2007). The introduction was informative and included additional...
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...The Truth about Marijuana Addiction Pamela D. McKoy Liberty University Online Abstract The commonness of abuse and addiction of marijuana has progressively grown among adults and youth worldwide. The use of marijuana is so mainstream that it has taken on a legit aura to the point that it is condoned and in many areas even legal. There have been numerous legal and social clashes over the legalization and medical use of marijuana. This paper will exam the prevalence, problems, and treatment of marijuana abuse and addiction. Also this paper will give the physical, mental and social effects that are endured from the use of marijuana. Keywords: marijuana, addiction, prevalence, treatment The Truth about Marijuana Addiction Marijuana, is the most frequently used illegal drug in the United States, it comes the Cannabis sativa plant where the leaves and flowers tops are processed into the street form of the drug. Marijuana’s condensed form is known as hashish. The central psychoactive elements in marijuana is THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), it also contains over 400 other elements (Doweiko, 2015). Marijuana came to the United States with the 1920’s wave of Mexican immigrants and soon found a following in the underground jazz community. The federal government passed the Marijuana Tax Act in 1937 gaining control of the drug. It was then listed as a Schedule 1 drug in 1970 (Volkow N. M., 2014). Now in 2015 there is strong support for legalizing marijuana, in fact many of the candidates...
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...Islands, the Middle East, Australasia and China, as said by the UN-backed World Health Organization (WHO). A recent research reveals that Obesity in pregnancy causes a tremendous danger to the wellbeing of the unborn infant. Infants of overweight mothers are born as pre-diabetics or with severe birth imperfections that can cause kidney or heart disease, besides other troubles. These issues much strengthens in the age group 1year to 10 years. Overeating in pregnancy can have significant and numerous precarious health impacts on an unborn infant.[1] In this research paper, I have analyzed several factors of obesity in pregnant mothers that lead to health issues for their unborn infants and it will affect them through their lives. I have conducted a comprehensive interview with Executive Director of “The Consumer Wellness Center”, Mike Adams, who in detail describes the dangers associated with obesity in mothers and its effects on their children. Further a latest about the issue has been analyzed with a recommendation to mothers on how they can avoid this increasingly spread health concern followed by a comprehensive conclusion. Summary of Observations The most prominent finding of our analysis is the devastating consequence that mother’s pre-expectancy weight standing has on a minor’s risk of being plump. The infant of a mother who was fat pre-pregnancy is more or less two times as expected to be fat by the time they reach youth,...
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...Running Head: Public Health Information Understanding Public Health Information [Name of Writer] [Name of Institute] Table of Contents Introduction 2 Health Indicators 2 Health facilities 2 Deprivation levels and Other Issues of Health 4 Strengths & Limitations of the Data Types & Sources 6 Health Needs of Dudley 7 References 10 Appendices 12 Understanding Public Health Information Introduction The continuous development of health facilities is one of the primary responsibilities of the administration of Dudley. The economic as well as psychological prosperity among the citizens of a country can be only availed by their satisfaction over the services of the government (James, 2009). Therefore, this report will analyze the significant health issues in Dudley in comparison to the national level. The core indicators of health issues among the citizens of Dudley on the basis of appropriate classifications will be analyzed in this report. The vast number of indicators will then be used to identify the appropriate strategy for the administrators of Dudley in order to maintain a trend of balanced health facilities and avoid further issues related to the health of citizens. Health Indicators Health facilities In order to analyze the performance of the health facilities, it is appropriate to analyze the health indicators of Dudley. The analysis of the performance in terms of health indicators such as life expectancy, deprivation...
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...` Public Smoking Bans Maria Robbins Ivy Tech Community College ENGL 111-JOF-Research Paper Cooper-3830 November 4, 2013 Abstract The smoking ban has caused smokers to adjust their smoking behavior. Public places have banned the smokers from smoking inside their businesses. The smoking ban has caused smokers to make choices. This has decreased their smoking and some have been able to quit completely. Still there are people who have smoked their whole life and have chosen not to stop smoking. Smokers do not have the freedom to smoke in public places that they once had. The public smoking ban has been the center of debates, because smokers feel it is their right to smoke when and where they want. The non-smokers want to be able to go out and enjoy a smoke-free environment. Public Smoking Bans Public smoking has been a right the smoker has had for years. Only in recent years has the public smoking ban law been put in affect. It took many years of debating over the fact if smoking in public should be ban. Smoking is an individual choice, and it is an activity that is absolutely legal. However, some states have passed laws to prohibit the activity in public and in workplaces. This legislation has been the focus of many debates in statehouses and city-county councils throughout the country. The smoking bans forces a smoker to not be welcome to smoke freely in public. For years the non-smoker had to deal with going out to...
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...The Alaskan Native and Health Promotion The Alaskan Native and Health Promotion In the United States in 2013 there were 11.2 million American Indians and Alaska Natives nation wide representing approx. 2% of the population. The state with the highest population percentage of natives was Alaska, with 134,361 accounting for 14.3% of the population (United States Census Bureau. 2013). It is this group that is going to be focused on now in this paper because of the unique issues and barriers that are found in attempting health promotion within this minority. Many different problems arise when attempting change in the region ranging from education levels, large cultural differences, geological isolation, and substance abuse. There is a strong and deep-seated lack of trust towards anyone who is not from the area because of past mistakes and abuses. In 1950 46% of all Alaskan native deaths were because of tuberculosis and other infectious diseases which were brought in by outsiders (Alaska Native Health Status Report. 2009). The medical profession to this day is still regarded as a possible threat instead of an asset especially by the older population. What level of health promotion prevention will work best to facilitate the changes needed in Alaskan Native health? The current health status of Alaska natives is well below the national average in a multitude of ways. It has improved markedly in the past couple of decades but still needs considerable attention. The Alaskan Native...
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...Breast Cancer ……………………………………………………………….. B. Effects in Cardiovascular System………………………………………………… 1. Coronary Heart Disease……………………………………………………… 2. Stroke…………………………………………………………………………. 3. Other Heart Disease………………………………………………………….. C. Effects in Respiratory System…………………………………………………….. 1. Asthma………………………………………………………………………... 2. Irritation of Respiratory Tract………………………………………………… D. Effects in Neurological System……………………………………………………. 1. Dementia………………………………………………………………………. E. Effects During Pregnancy…………………………………………………………. F. Effects to Children…………………………………………………………………. 1. Respiratory Health…………………………………………………………….. 2. Middle Ear Disease……………………………………………………………. 3. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)………………………………………… VI. PREVENTING THE DANGERS OF SECONDHAND SMOKE……………………………. A. Use of Electronic Cigarette……………………………………………………………….. B. Production of Smoking Cessation Aids………………………………………………….. C. Total Smoking...
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...ABSTRACT Over the course of years with advancement in technology, medical science has developed into a field of continuous research and advancement in mechanisms to improve the health of society. This papers tries to find the relation with a minute but important application of this advancement; Prenatal Care for better growth and development of children. It tackles the question of whether the impact of prenatal care is significant on an infant’s health or not. The data used is a cross-sectional data of 1832 observations, with 29 variables. Controlling for different relevant variables like demographics, age, education etc. we try to find a causal relation between the impact of prenatal care and birth weight. And in the end we conclude our results that a positive relationship is indeed present and significant, leaving room for data limitations and possible solutions for future research. IMPACT OF PRENATAL CARE ON BIRTH WEIGHT Shehryar Amin Waqas Sheikh Hafiz Moazam Ali Nasir Javed Econometrics 2 Introduction Birth weight is a key factor for a child’s health and wellness. Not only it is important to prevent infant mortality rate but also a healthier birth weight helps reduce the increased risks of illnesses faced by babies born with low birth weight. Also in a statistical brief for the state center for health statistics of North Carolina1, it was found that compared with children born with normal birth weight, low birth weight children were more at a risk for poorer...
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...Marijuana in California. The debate regarding the legalization of soft drugs such as marijuana is capable of being characterized as one which pits the concept of freedom of the individual against the concept of a paternalistic State. Advocates of legalization argue that amongst other things, marijuana is not only less harmful than alcohol and tobacco, which are legal substances, but also as a matter of fact has been proven to possess certain medicinal property. The people who support the legalization are member of law enforcement and medical professionals, who really know how ineffective and unnecessary in stance prohibitionist. In contrast, those opposed to legalization argue that the legalization of marijuana will act as a precursor to increased addiction to harder drugs. This will necessarily lead to an increase in the crime rate and accident rate as well. In this article, I would like to explicate both sides of the debate and provide the evidences that support the idea of legalizing marijuana. Why marijuana should not be legalized? Critics claim that all drugs are addictive; they would rob the drug users of free will. Marijuana is considered a drug that associated with unfashionable lifestyles. It is often thought of as a drug for hippies and losers. Drug users can not have rational and informed decisions to continue using drugs because the use of the drug would eliminate their ability to think logically. The use of marijuana leads to the use of harder drugs like morphine...
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...MARKING GUIDE TOPIC: NURS 3005/NURS3005A Child and Family Health Stream ASSESSMENT 2: Essay – Exploring a Child and Family health Issue: Topic 1 2 3 Performance standard Assessment criteria Good Satisfactory Evidence of core work, at a high level through: Evidence of core work of the assignment through: - current literature and/or policy documents related to the topic & statement - current literature and/or policy documents related to the topic & statement - current literature and/or policy documents related to the topic & statement - the significance of lifespan development.. - the significance of lifespan development. - the significance of lifespan development. - current literature and/or policy documents related to the topic & statement Limited rationale -incorporating the elements/principles of family-centred care. -incorporating the elements/principles of family-centred care. -addressing support services or health promotion information. 65% Excellent Evidence of core work, at an advanced level through: Written content Weighting -addressing support services or health promotion information. -incorporating the elements/principles of family-centred care. - the significance of lifespan development. Not addressed -addressing support services or health promotion information. -incorporating the elements/principles of family-centred care. Not addressed ...
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...Obesity HCA/250 March 2, 2014 University of Phoenix Obesity One of the leading causes of death in America today is Obesity. There are many different reasons a person will become obese. Whether it be gender, income, age or race it is still an epidemic and a health issue that needs to be addressed. When looking into the issue not only causes need to be addressed, the ways to prevent also need to be cited. People who are obese might not know how to get the help that they need, but education will help them learn. Living in Pennsylvania my entire life I have seen the obesity population grow from minor to major over the past twenty years. The town is better known as the “Mountains”, and is a large tourist and college town that borders New Jersey, and within two hours of New York City. With the school district noticing that childhood obesity is on the rise, there is only one psychological educational program that is offered for both children and adults. The program is called “Healthy in the Poconos”. Healthy in the Poconos offers counseling, education, nutrition counselors, and low cost fitness trainers for the community to access. Healthy in the Poconos on the outside seems like a great program but when researching the program in its entirety there is not a lot of education from professionals that can assist the community fight the ever growing obesity problem. Improvements that I would do immediately. First I would look into the funding. There doesn’t seem to be a lot of...
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...Obesity HCA/250 March 2, 2014 University of Phoenix Obesity One of the leading causes of death in America today is Obesity. There are many different reasons a person will become obese. Whether it be gender, income, age or race it is still an epidemic and a health issue that needs to be addressed. When looking into the issue not only causes need to be addressed, the ways to prevent also need to be cited. People who are obese might not know how to get the help that they need, but education will help them learn. Living in Pennsylvania my entire life I have seen the obesity population grow from minor to major over the past twenty years. The town is better known as the “Mountains”, and is a large tourist and college town that borders New Jersey, and within two hours of New York City. With the school district noticing that childhood obesity is on the rise, there is only one psychological educational program that is offered for both children and adults. The program is called “Healthy in the Poconos”. Healthy in the Poconos offers counseling, education, nutrition counselors, and low cost fitness trainers for the community to access. Healthy in the Poconos on the outside seems like a great program but when researching the program in its entirety there is not a lot of education from professionals that can assist the community fight the ever growing obesity problem. Improvements that I would do immediately. First I would look into the funding. There doesn’t seem to be a lot of...
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