...Individuals get their information about current events through social media or through televised broadcast. The news stations that televise the news are American Broadcasting Company (ABC), Communication Broadcasting Systems (CBS), National Broadcasting Company(NBC), Cable News Network(CNN), MicroSoft National Broadcasting Company(MSNBC), and Fox News. The news they receive though is not always true due to the abundance of news station and social media broadcasting the same news. These stories differ from station to station due to each company filtering the news through different point of views. News stations usually filter the news through the political stance that the company takes on the event. The political stances can vary from democratic...
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...private interest has on a bias media message. Inherently, drawing the connection with a biased media and what effect it has on presidential candidates running for office in the United States of America. Being done so by looking at examples of media playing a factor on past presidential candidates. Through examination of past and current events of media effecting presidential candidates, the goal is to draw a connection making it clear that private interest creates a biased media effecting presidential candidates. Through showing what effect media has on presidential candidates, the research that will be conducted in this paper will emphasize and make aware the public that the media has its own...
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...Running Head: Mass Media in Elections Mass Media’s Affect on Voting Trends Arthur Gibford California State University California In today’s world, the news media reaches and affects every person in the United States. The question now is does mass media such as newspapers, television, and the internet affect the voting trends of the voters? The ownership of the media (Djankov, Nenova, McLiesh, & Shleifer, 2003), targeting specific demographics (Clinton & Lapinski, 2004), the implications of the internet (DiMaggio, Hargittai, Neuman, & Robinson, 2003) and how candidates use media (Aarts & Semetko, 2003) are all important aspects in determining whether a potential bias exists (Eveland & Shah, 2003) on the part of the news media. It is hypothesized that when the mass media displays certain biases leaning towards one party over the other, the populace tends to vote in the direction of the media. The following five scholarly literature reviews will attempt to demonstrate and support the hypothesis. According to Eveland and Shah (Eveland & Shah, 2003, p. 101)there is “a large percentage of the public (that) believes that the news media are biased, and the majority of these individuals consider the direction of bias to be against their own viewpoint”. This drives the question this paper attempts to answer. This article looks at media’s credibility and integrity in the eyes of individual people. The author’s give several hypothesis to provide multiple...
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...with the affirmative that mainstream media does have a liberal, leftist bias. This media which includes major traditional mainstream news networks and newspapers have had a long standing liberal bias. In the video that was viewed in class, which was made in 2001 the author Justin Lewis was even claiming that the media had been very heavy left bias in the years past. It has only continued to increase for the liberal bias throughout the years. This can be seen by not only the coverage, but also by the past publicly expressed of political opinions of most major reporters, anchors, producers, etc. The dictionary defines a liberal as a political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavor, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties. It also defines a leftist as an outlook or specific position that accepts or supports social equality, often in opposition to social hierarchy and social inequality. It usually involves a concern for those in society who are disadvantaged relative to others and an assumption that there are unjustified inequalities, which right-wing politics views as natural or traditional that needs to be reduced or abolished. In this paper I will affirm the argument that is made by Mr. Lewis in favor for a liberal media. In the beginning of the video Lewis...
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...Brooke Basham April 20 2014 Research Paper News coverage is always evolving. The media industry gets a jolt from certain events, which brings instant change on how the media portrays these events. The media is faced with extreme controversy because media outlets are bias. The media is a form of propaganda making their bias tendencies a serious problem. Fox news was the most popular news coverage during the 2003 invasion on Iraq. They influenced other media outlets to cover war in the same way. CNN and MSNBC do not cover war the same way as Fox. The media has a tendency to leave out important information while covering war. They usually only show the pro-war side and not the anti-war side. As we all know, the media is a huge part of our every day lives. Whether we notice it or not, television and the Internet is our main source to obtain information. It is commonly used and widespread because it is used in many countries. Today, most people have phones that can access the Internet making a source of media right at your fingertips. We want to believe everything the media says because they are delivering important information about our country, but unfortunately it is not always accurate. Some believe media coverage is mainly influenced by national contexts. Coverage is expected to vary from news station to news station (Gerhards and Schafer 2013). A news station has different journalist, which separates every station from each other. Each station may believe in different...
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...Table of Contents Availability Bias 2 Overreaction Bias 6 Research Report Analysis 8 Illustrations 12 Conclusion 14 Bibliography 15 Availability Bias Availability bias is a human cognitive bias that causes us to overestimate probabilities of events associated with memorable or dramatic occurrences. A cognitive bias is a pattern of deviation in judgment that occurs in particular situations. A cognitive bias can also be explained as a flaw in judgment which is caused by memory, social attribution, and statistical errors. Since, memorable events are further magnified by coverage in the media; the bias is compounded on the society level. Two well-known examples would be estimations of the probability of plane accidents and the kidnap of children. Both events are quite rare, but the huge majority of the population outrageously overestimates their probability, and behaves accordingly. In reality, one is more likely to die from an auto accident than from a plane accident, and a child has a higher risk of dying in an accident than the risk of getting kidnapped. Availability bias is at the root of many other human biases and culture-level effects. Availability bias is a cognitive illusion. The availability biasis a mental shortcut that occurs when people make judgments about the probability of events by how easy it is to think of examples. The availability bias operates on the notion that, "if you can think of it, it must be important...
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...little escapism and entertainment. With all of the television channels out there and access to the internet, you can watch just about anything you want at any time. In Unit 2, you talked about the science involved with technology, but in this Assignment, you are going to turn the tables and delve into how the media portrays science. How does a pop culture portrayal of science and scientists impact the average person’s view of what science is and how research is conducted? Can what is presented by the media affect how the general populace views a particular research field? What might the long-term impacts of such a depiction be? These are just a few questions that you...
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...Sport and Social Issues: Researchers vs Journalists Social science researchers and media journalists use different approaches to sport and social issues. An example of this can be seen in the “publication journalism” practice by O’Neill and Mulready (2014) and the media article by Lopiano (2004). In the social science research publication more relevant subject knowledge, statistics and logic is included along with a high level of subject specific language and academic writing. This is in contrast to the media article where the journalist may find it difficult to apply academic writing as the target audience may not be as well educated. In conclusion to this, research journals are aimed at people with an interest in a specific area and who have adequate knowledge of the subject whereas media coverage is aimed at the general public who may be reading about an issue for the first time, thus meaning the author may have to include suggestive or sympathetic language styles. Another difference between the two approaches is the use of references, media publications do not always include previous research and cite specific work. Media articles, for example in appendix 1’s “Low Female Sports Coverage In Media Due to Gender Bias” are simpler written by using more emotive language to engage the reader whilst using a modest range of vocabulary so the general population can understand the point being made. This is a divergence to scientific publications which are more scientifically targeted...
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...Most of the research findings should be considered in the context of several limitations. First, there are issues with the methodology and the internal validity of the results. The correlational nature of the study design cannot affirm a final interpretation about the cause-and-effect. For example, it is not possible to establish the order of the objectification theory variables that include appearance surveillance, body shame, body anxiety and eating disorders (Slater & Tiggemann 2010). Similarly, according to Holland & Tiggemann, (2016) correlational findings about the relationship between social media usage, body satisfaction, and disordered eating are almost difficult to draw. Also, high social media exposure could influence thin-internalization,...
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...Social Psychology Concept Matrix Donna Conahan Dr. Marina Stakic PSY110008VA016-1134-001 May 3, 2013 Social Psychology Concept | Definition | Application to SocietyProvide Example | Application to Criminal JusticeProvide Example | Application to the IndividualProvide Example | Survey Research | Survey research begins with a set of well-defined structured statements and/or questions that have been given to a select group of people allowing for the mathematical measurement of personal beliefs, attitudes, values and/or behavioral tendencies. | An example of a survey that would be applicable to society would be the issues and effects of marital separation that brings about disruption in the household and negatively affects the children as well as the spouses ability to cope and adjust which ultimately prevents reconciliation thereby leads to divorce. | An example of a survey that applies to criminal justice would be a survey that addresses how to change the public’s opinions and attitudes toward the criminal justices system. This survey would include the common criminal acts in their community, how they are currently being handled, what would like to see in the way of changing their community, what their expectations are of the local police, the changes they would like to see with how the police and criminal justice system handle these perpetrators. | Due to today’s economic hard times, I think a great survey could be how this nation’s economy has brought about...
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...Entertainment Paper Controversial issues in the media Controversies are a part of the American if not global landscapes. The thought makes one wonder if our value and belief systems are shaped by mass media. That may be close to the truth. With computers, laptops, cell phones, I-pads we are connected to the media in some form and want our news as fast as possible. The more horrific the story, the more interest is generated in knowing the outcome. Nature of the controversy In 2009, a young dating couple had a physical fight that made national news. The couple in question- music superstars Chris Brown and Rihanna. Every paper covered the assault and had pictures of the bloodied Rihanna with blackened eye, split lip, and bite marks. The scandal percolated to an all-time high and Chris Brown was charged with assault. Later the public would discover the charges were for sexual assault. Many celebrities have misunderstandings and some have been victims. Controversy sells and we want to know what happened- the media is willing to oblige. Traditional journalism The traditional factors of newsworthiness include proximity, future impact, prominence, conflict, human interest, and timeliness. According to John Vivian “ not only do people in their contemporary lifestyles need mass media, but the industries that have built up around media need an audience” (Vivian, 2011, p. 6). News for the public has the following ideology, “news is based on some inherent bias: the media role as watchdog...
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...National News Media are Largely Liberal in Political Bias 11/21/2011 Abstract The media provides the American people with information. This information is used by the citizens to make decisions and often to take actions. Because the media is the source of information for most American citizens, it is important to understand the techniques media outlets use in an attempt to bias their audience. The most common techniques that attempt to bend the public to a given point of view are use of statistics and counts, tone and diction, and more frequently, omission. National News Media are Largely Liberal in Political Bias During the 2008 presidential election Barack Obama received more than twice the media coverage than John McCain. It is doubtful that anyone that was aware there was an election going on would need surveys to confirm that statement. Obama got more attention than McCain because Obama was the “rock star” of politics and McCain was just another politician, At that time Obama represented fresh and new and that was what mattered especially to the younger groups (Page, A Big Story is our Biggest Bias, 2008). But being star struck does not explain the media bias that has existed for a very long time. Very few people, including the media members and journalists will argue that the national news media are not biased. Despite the journalistic ideal of “objectivity,” every news story is influenced by...
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...‘Research Paper Rough Draft’ There’s a lot of debate surrounding the topic of how social media and smartphone usage may be affecting teens and adults alike. Several articles have been released regarding the issue, most notably ‘Are Smartphones Destroying a Generation?’ by Jean Twenge, which is controversial to some. Many people accept the correlation between rising depression rates and smartphone use among teens, but there are many flaws in the data used the support the claim. So, the question i’d like to answer in my research is; Are smartphones and other devices helping my generation succeed in a constantly evolving technological world, or are they hindering their social and mental growth? Authors like Twenge that support the idea that smartphones and social media are directly linked to teen depression ‘cherry-pick’ the studies that support the claim, but ignore studies that suggest screen use isn't linked to outcomes like depression and loneliness among teens, and especially disregards research that suggests that it is actually associated with positive outcomes; like better multi tasking, fast thinking, problem solving and information gathering ability (Moorhead, Joanna). This selective mindset in gathering information is best explained in a psychologytoday...
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...The twenty-first century has brought a whole new means to mass media and the way the audience receives news. Audiences want the latest news simultaneously on their smart devices and the massive array of media outlets want to be the audience’s main source. With the hearts, minds, and wallets of the audience up for grabs it, is no wonder why mass media news stories are manipulated to present biased impressions on events, positioning than in whatever way suits their interests. Research has shown that 53% of people believe the news being presented to them is the truth. So why do we believe this? It all happens within our minds and emotions that make us receptive to lies, and resistant to information that exposes the truth........According to a...
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...Final Paper Outline Thesis Idea: After the introduction of the Apartheid in 1948, the segregation, government corruption, and economic distress in South Africa was far more severe than in the United States. Research Question: What were the specific political and social factors that lead to the declaration of the first Apartheid legislation in 1948 and how did they compare to those in the United States? Research Question Expanded: What economic, political and social factors were present in South Africa and the United States during the 1940s-1960s; what the differences were present in South Africa’s Apartheid protests and the Civil Rights Movement that were happening in North America during 1954-1968. Introduction A. Opening Sentence: Introduce the topic of the paper with the Apartheid and the anti-Apartheid movements, with specific dates, which will guide the...
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