...On the Relationship between stock return and exchange rate: evidence on China Yaqiong Li a b , Lihong Huang b a b The Business School, Loughborough University ,UK College of Mathematics and Econometrics, Hunan University, Changsha ,Hunan ,China Abstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between RMB exchange rate and A-share stock returns in China, in particular in Shanghai stock market. We find that both stock returns and RMB nominal exchange rate are integrated of order 1. The Engle–Granger cointegration test is then performed, suggesting that there is not a long-run equilibrium relationship between stock returns and RMB exchange rates at 5% significance level. However, there is strong evidence suggesting that there is a short-run uni-directional causality relationship from the nominal exchange rate to the stock returns. Keywords: cointegration; Granger causality; RMB exchange rate; stock return; unit root test. 1. Introduction The China’s exchange rate policy has recently emerged as one of major issues in the trade between the PR of China and the United States of America. The controversy is fuelled by China’s pegging of RMB to USD. Since a major devaluation of the RMB in 1994, the Chinese currency’s exchange rate vis-a-vis USD remained more or less unchanged until 21 July 2005, and has fluctuated from RMB 8.22 to 8.11 per dollar since then. The Chinese Authority has recently announced that “RMB will be no longer pegged to the US dollar”...
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...Assignment 6 Team 1 Thomas de Vries 334208 40 hours spent Raphael Spaans 348823 40 hours spent Bart-Floris Lensink 358102 40 hours spent Date of submission: May 6th, 2014 “This document is written by Thomas de Vries, Raphael Spaans, and Bart-Floris Lensink, who declare that each individual takes responsibility for the full contents of the whole document. We declare that the text and the work presented in this document is original and that no sources other than mentioned in the text and its references have been used in creating it. RSM is only responsible for supervision of completion of the work but not for the contents.” Table of content Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Theory 5 Current study 7 Effect sizes and confidence intervals 7 Research strategy 8 Populations and measurements 8 Populations 8 Practical relevance of the effect sizes 11 Critical Synthesis 13 Selection of studies 13 Critical evaluation of studies 13 Results and Discussion 14 An attempt at best practice 19 Introduction 19 Methods 19 Research strategy 19 Independent variable 19 Dependent variable 20 Results 21 Control variables 22 Worst case analysis 24 Discussion 24 Appendices 26 Appendix A 26 Appendix B 30 References 31 Sources for data of our control variables 31 Websites 31 Lectures and sheets 31 Scientific articles 31 Abstract The crisis at the end of the last decade made us think about the financial markets and if we could have...
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...Journal of Accounting and Economics 11 (1989) 295-329. North-Holland FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS AND THE PREDICTION OF STOCK RETURNS* Jane A. O U Santa Clara university, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA Stephen H. P E N M A N Universi(v of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Received January 1988, final version received April 1989 This paper performs a financial statement analysis that combines a large set of financial statement items into one summary measure which indicates the direction of one-year-ahead earnings changes. Positions are taken in stocks on the basis of this measure during the period 1973-1983, which involve cancelling long and short positions with zero net investment. The two-year holding-period return to the long and short positions is in the order of 12.5%. After adjustment for 'size effects' the return is about 7.0%. These returns cannot be explained by nominated firm risk characteristics. 1. Introduction F i n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t analysis identifies aspects of financial statements that a r e r e l e v a n t to investment decisions. O n e goal of the analysis is to assess firm value from financial statements. M u c h empirical a c c o u n t i n g research has a t t e m p t e d to discover value-relevant accounting attributes in o r d e r to enhance financial s t a t e m e n t analysis. T h e a p p r o a c h taken in this work assumes that m a r k e t price is sufficient for d e t e r m i n i n g firms' values a n d thus serves as a b e n...
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...INTRODUCTION Macroeconomic Variables Macroeconomics is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behaviour, and decision-making of an economy as a whole, rather than individual markets. This includes national, regional, and global economies. Macroeconomic is a factor that is pertinent to a broad economy at the regional or national level and affects a large population rather than a few select individuals. Macroeconomic factors are key indicators of economic performance and are closely monitored by governments, businesses and consumers. Macroeconomic factors are the factors which affect the wider economy. In other words these factors seem to summarize the picture of economy. Macroeconomic variables include economic output, unemployment, inflation, interest rates, money supply, exchange rate, foreign reserves, savings and investment. Variables used in study: • Consumer Price Index (CPI) Inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, inflation also reflects erosion in the purchasing power of money – a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account within the economy. A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index (normally the CPI) over time. A consumer price index (CPI) measures changes in the...
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...of F in a n ce (H on ou r s) 2010 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Stock market is a place for listed companies to raise capital .Companies can use the capital for continuing operating activities and expand business. However, the investors are explained to get a positive return from dividend and capital gain in the stock market. Based on the history, the economic condition will influence stock market. For instances, Malaysia faced deflation during the Asian crisis in years 1997. It caused the KLCI index sharply reduced from 1207.43 to 470.43. It have been shown that the investors need to predict the stock prices based on the macro factors to get an abnormal return from stock market There were a lot of researches to study the relationship between macroeconomics variables and stock returns. It is important to study the interaction of macroeconomics factor and stock return. Based on the study, the public can identify which factors can influence the stock market and use the knowledge to predict movement of stock price. According to Wongbangpo & Sharma (2002), the research can reveal the functions of stock market in identify the change in economic condition and also can predict the future performance of stock market. Besides, the study will be useful for the stock market participators. Clare & Priestley (1998) said that the study of the risk factor relationship of stock market will be useful for corporate manager to undertake cost of capital calculation. Moreover...
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...Background Stock markets play a significant role in the wellbeing of an economy; thus efficient stock markets will positively affect the economy in a country. Concept of efficient markets was first coined by Fama(1970), describes an efficient market, as a market with fully available information to all investors, while at the same time stock prices fully reflect all the information available. Consequently, no individual investor will be able to reap profits above the average. Fama further describes the EMH in three form i.e. weak, semi-strong and strong form of efficiency. In Weak form efficient market stock prices have a random movement. We cannot use previous stock prices to predict future prices of stocks. We can beat the market by technical analysis or by analyzing company specific information. Unit root test is normally used to check weak form efficiency. In Semi strong form good or bad news are adjusted in stock prices and hence have no impact on stock market returns. Event study is usually conducted to check for semi form efficiency (Fama, 1991). Efficient market hypothesis is always being a controversial topic. Financial markets are not always efficient because there are some anomalies. Fama (1991) respond to anomalies that there is no room for seasonal movements in efficient market. But if these movements exist in stock markets, there are limitations in our statistical models which do not capture it. Financial anomalies mean the abnormal behavior of stock market in...
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...Dhaka Stock Exchange Chapter : 1 Introduction 1.1 Executive Summary After a great shock of the global financial crisis of 2008 stock markets across the world started rebounding. But the economy of Bangladesh was isolated from the world economy, it was not affected by world depression rather it maintains its growth.Now I make report on Dhaka Stock Exchange.Let me give a short brief on the report. The Dhaka Stock Exchange is the prime bourse of the country. Through its nonstop highly fault-tolerant screen based automated trading system, the exchange can offer facilities for transparent and highly efficient mechanism provisions for secondary market activities of shares, debentures and wide varieties of other securities. The Management of the Exchange is vested with the Board of Directors comprising 12 Members elected from the shareholders of DSE., 12 non-elected independent Directors representing different Institutions, Chambers and professional bodies and the CEO. The overall operations of the exchange is run by a team of qualified executives. The bourse at present offers trading facilities for 450 securities worth Tk. 2700.74 million which accounts for 41.44% of the GDP of the country. The Dhaka Stock Exchange is the rallying point for enterprises to raise capital in Bangladesh. With a nationwide coverage by 238 brokers and dealers, DSE espouses shared vision of Bangladeshi business all over. The exchange maintains the lead in providing a launching pad for mobilizing...
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...4. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A CHANGING FOCUS 4.1 Introduction The large impact of TFP growth on economic growth (on average 56.5%) found in the previous section provides a sign that there were also other factors, besides physical capital, which were important for economic growth. However, because TFP growth is calculated as a residual, it is unclear which factors are captured by TFP growth. Whether this was technology, as was often assumed, or whatever other factor, could not be decided based on this evidence. This was less a problem in early development economics when development was looked upon as (lack of) physical capital accumulation (see for example Lewis 1955). As physical capital accumulation was inserted in the growth accounting exercise, the TFP growth could simply be interpreted as technological growth. Yet, with the rising importance of other, social, indicators such as health, literacy, and human capital, the growth of TFP could reflect the growth of these social indicators as well. 4.2 A classic view: GDP and physical capital On the basis of per capita GDP data provided by Maddison (2003), we may conclude that the levels of per capita GDP were about equal in India, Indonesia, and Japan around 1800. However, in the course of the nineteenth century they started to diverge. In 1890 Japan was already clearly ahead, having a gap in per capita GDP of 35% with Indonesia and 65% with India (see figure 1.1). Indeed, figure 1.1 shows that from 1870 onward there...
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...University of Washington version 2.0 School of Business April 2004 Walt Disney Company’s Sleeping Beauty Bonds – Duration Analysis* In July 1993, the Walt Disney Company issued $300,000,000 in senior debentures (bonds). The debentures carried an interest rate of 7.55%, payable semiannually, and were priced at “par”. They were due to be repaid on July 15, 2093, a full one hundred years after the date of issue. However, at the company’s option, the debentures could be repaid (in whole or in part) any time after July 15, 2023 or 30 years after the issue date. Beauty, the fairy tale princess and heroine of a popular Disney animated film, according to legend, slept under enchantment in a magic castle for one hundred years. The Disney 100-year debentures were immediately dubbed the “Sleeping Beauties.” The issue caused a lot of comment among traders of portfolio managers. “It’s crazy,” said William Gross, head of fixed-income investments at Piper Capital Management Company. “Look at the path of Coney Island over the last fifty years and see what happens to amusement parks.”[1] Scott Jacobson, head of fixed-income research at Piper Capital Management, felt that the bonds were too risky for his clients, but “if corporate treasurers can get away with it, why not?”[2] Other interpreted the successful sales of the bonds as a vote of confidence in the Disney Company and U.S. economy policy. “It shows that people...
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...In exercise we use daily AFGX stock index observations starting at 2006/12/29 and ending at 2009/09/02. The exercice is performed in Excel. There are three objectives of the exercise: 1. To estimate 3 first ACF values and run significance test for them; 2. To calculate the variance ratio for q=2, test RW1 hypothesis by applying test statistics and show the level of significance for that statistics; 3. To estimate a GARCH (1,1) model with the mean and variance equations defined. Part 1 The first task of the exercise is the estimation of the first three values of the sample autocorrelation function (ACF), which can be estimated using the sample autocovariances: (1) , (2) Then sample ACF is equal to (3) In order to get the first three values of ACF, we make additional series: , which includes all returns at lag 1, with returns at lag 2 and with returns at lag 3. Then, using Excel function Data Analysis – Correlation we make autocorrelation matrix between returns and lagged returns ( , , , ). The results obtained are shown in the following table: r(t) r(t-1) r(t-2) r(t-3) r(t) 1 r(t-1) 0,0134 1 r(t-2) -0,1137 0,0115 1 r(t-3) -0,0329 -0,1151 0,0102 1 Numbers in the first column show the three first values of the sample ACF. In order to perform a significance test we calculate Z value by formula , where is autocorrelation function, p-value using Excel function p-value=2*(1-normsdist(abs(Z)) and 95% confidence interval...
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...Required Rate of Return on stocks Name: Course: Instructor: Date: REQUIRED RATE OF RETURN ON STOCKS Introduction The full amount of risks that any investment faces is composed of the summation of the diversifiable and the non-diversifiable risks. As shown in the formula below. Total Risk = Systematic (non-diversifiable) Risk + Diversifiable Risks The Systematic risk is defined as the effect of risk that every type of investment will come across owing to the geo-political factors such as inflation. The unsystematic risk is attributed to factors such as poor leadership, labor factors among others. Unlike the systematic risk, it can be lowered by spreading the investment portfolio to different firms in diverse sectors or by investing in the different classes of assets. Total Risk = Systematic Risk + Diversifiable Risks Required Return = Risk-Free Rate + Risk Premium = Risk-Free Rate + [Beta × (Market Return – Risk-Free Rate)] Beta (Year = 2008) MNQ Company's common stock 0.85 Stock #1 1.5 Stock #2 0.27 Stock #3 1.1 Stock #4 2.15 Stock #5 -0.5 Stock #6 0.7 Stock #7 1.4 Stock #8 1.2 Stock #9 0.65 Risk-Free Rate of Return = 5% Market Risk Premium = 6% Required rate of return MNQ Company's common stock 5% + [0.85 × (6% - 5%)] = 5.85% Stock #1 ...
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...Required Rate of Return on stocks Name: Course: Instructor: Date: REQUIRED RATE OF RETURN ON STOCKS Introduction The full amount of risks that any investment faces is composed of the summation of the diversifiable and the non-diversifiable risks. As shown in the formula below. Total Risk = Systematic (non-diversifiable) Risk + Diversifiable Risks The Systematic risk is defined as the effect of risk that every type of investment will come across owing to the geo-political factors such as inflation. The unsystematic risk is attributed to factors such as poor leadership, labor factors among others. Unlike the systematic risk, it can be lowered by spreading the investment portfolio to different firms in diverse sectors or by investing in the different classes of assets. Total Risk = Systematic Risk + Diversifiable Risks Required Return = Risk-Free Rate + Risk Premium = Risk-Free Rate + [Beta × (Market Return – Risk-Free Rate)] Beta (Year = 2008) MNQ Company's common stock 0.85 Stock #1 1.5 Stock #2 0.27 Stock #3 1.1 Stock #4 2.15 Stock #5 -0.5 Stock #6 0.7 Stock #7 1.4 Stock #8 1.2 Stock #9 0.65 Risk-Free Rate of Return = 5% Market Risk Premium = 6% Required rate of return MNQ Company's common stock 5% + [0.85 × (6% - 5%)] = 5.85% Stock #1 ...
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...Национальный исследовательский университет Высшая школа экономики Факультет экономики Кафедра фондового рынка и инвестиций Реферат по статье «The Impact of the 2008 Short Sale Ban on Stock Returns» Abraham Lioui (Bankers, Markets & Investors №108 September-October 2010) Выполнил: студент группы ФФР2 Пилюгин Г.В. Москва 2013 Введение. В своей статье автор рассматривает влияние запрета коротких продаж в период кризиса 2008-го года на доходность акций. Для этого исследуются основные характеристики (асимметрия и скошенность расперделения доходностей) по акциям, на которые был введен запрет коротких продаж, в разных периодах. Принятие решения о запрете коротких продаж произошло в результате сильных колебаний на рынке акций страхового и банковского секторов. По предположениям инициаторов этой политики данная крайняя мера должна была снизить понижательную тенденцию в отношении соответствующих акций. Реализация этих действий была осуществлена Комиссией по ценным бумагам и биржам США 15 июля 2008г. в отношении 19 акций, а после банкротства Lehman brothers – на сотни различных акций. Аналогичные запреты были приняты в большинстве европейских стран. Казалось бы, запрет коротких продаж в период острого кризиса – это вполне обоснованная...
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...Question 1. Identify the components of a stock's realized return. The two main components of a realized return or two sources are the dividend and the change of price during the period, in other words if you buy stock for x amount of money, at a later time all the money that you have received is your return realized and is the real cash flow of the stock realized return ,also in a different view on the realized return components , Problem ,Plan Execute ,Evaluate . Question 2 Contrast systematic and unsystematic risk. On this is a very simple meaning a stock is purchase some of this are well plan in the monetary gain to have during a period of time and is systematically selected and planed of, what is expected and the risk that will balance a common risk that is acceptable, on the other hand the unsystematic risk it fluctuate more and its return as well too and can not be accurately calculated only to a point that the risk could be mayor then the systematically. UNDERSTANDING CONCEPTS STOCKS RISK 4 Question 3 Explain why the total risk of a portfolio is not simply equal to the weighted average of the risks of securities in the portfolio. On this I will explain with an example you have two groups of stock that 40% is firm A and 60% is B both have different return to a complete total of 100% in a relation to wish one is 60 % or...
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...ELSEVIER Journal of Financial Economics 38 (1995) 243-267 ECONOMICS Underperformance in long-run stock returns following seasonedequity offerings D. Katherine College of Business Administration, Spiess*, John Affleck-Graves University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA (Received July 1994; final version received December 1994) Abstract We document that firms making seasonedequity offerings during 197551989substantially underperformed a sample of matched firms from the same industry and of similar size that did not issue equity. This underperformance persists even after controlling for trading system, offer size, and the issuing firm’s age and book-to-market ratio. It is similar to that previously documented for initial public offerings, suggesting that managers take advantage of overvaluation in both the initial and seasonedequity offering markets. Key words: JEL classijication: Seasonedequity offerings; Underperformance 614; G32 1. Introduction Recently, Ritter (1991) documented long-run underperformance of common stock subsequent to initial public offerings (IPOs), showing that IPOs underperform comparable seasonedfirms’ stock during their first three years of trading. This IPO underperformance has been confirmed in several studies, including Aggarwal and Rivoli (1990), Loughran and Ritter (1994), and Loughran, Ritter, *Corresponding author. This paper has benefited from comments by seminar participants at the University of...
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