...1892 during examinations and cultures of stomachs of patients with gastritis and ulcers. It’s physiology and environment of choice both create a unique dichotomy which ultimately allows it the survive in the human body for, possible, the whole patient's lifetime. Furthermore, its epidemiology has enabled H. Pylori to seemingly go undetected as the cause for a variety of illness such as duodenal ulcer and stomach cancer. All of these factors have created a versatile pathogen. Before the discovery of H. Pylori the conventional thought of bacteria was that none could live in the acidic environment...
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...------------------------------------------------- Peptic ulcer A peptic ulcer, also known as PUD or peptic ulcer disease,[1] is the most common ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract that is usually acidic and thus extremely painful. It is defined as mucosal erosions equal to or greater than 0.5 cm. As many as 70–90% of such ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the acidic environment of the stomach; however, only 40% of those cases go to a doctor. Ulcers can also be caused or worsened by drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and other NSAIDs.[2] Four times as many peptic ulcers arise in the duodenum—the first part of the small intestine, just after the stomach—as in the stomach itself. About 4% of gastric ulcers are caused by a malignant tumor, so multiple biopsies are needed to exclude cancer. Duodenal ulcers are generally benign. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- [edit]Classification By Region/Location * Duodenum (called duodenal ulcer) * Oesophagus (called esophageal ulcer) * Stomach (called gastric ulcer) * Meckel's diverticulum (called Meckel's diverticulum ulcer; is very tender with palpation) Modified Johnson Classification of peptic ulcers: * Type I: Ulcer along the body of the stomach, most often along the lesser curve at incisura angularis along the locus minoris resistantiae. * Type II: Ulcer in the body in combination...
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...call "crystallizing" When this happens I loosen the lid, boil some water, and sit the honey container in the hot water, turn off the heat and let it liquefy. It is then as good as it ever was. Never boil honey or put it in a microwave. To do so will kill the enzymes in the honey. Cinnamon and Honey Bet the drug companies won't like this one getting around. Facts on Honey and Cinnamon: It is found that a mixture of honey and Cinnamon cures most diseases. Honey is produced in most of the countries of the world. Scientists of today also accept honey as a 'Ram Ban' (very effective) medicine for all kinds of diseases. Honey can be used without any side effects for any kind of diseases. Today's science says that even though honey is sweet, if taken in the right dosage as a medicine, it does not harm diabetic patients. Weekly World News, a magazine in Canada , in its issue dated 17 January,1995 has given the following list of diseases that can be cured by honey and cinnamon as researched by western scientists: HEART DISEASES: Make a paste of honey and cinnamon powder, apply on bread, instead of jelly and jam, and eat it regularly for breakfast. It reduces the cholesterol in the arteries and saves the patient from heart attack. Also, those who have already had an attack, if they do this process daily, they are kept miles away from the next attack.. Regular use of the above process relieves loss of breath and strengthens the heart beat. In America and Canada , various nursing...
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...Gastric Ulcer Alvin Simmons Gaston University Abstract Gastric ulcers are open sores or raw areas in the lining of the stomach or upper part of the small intestine. They result when the bacterium, Helicobacter pylori fastens itself to the lining of the stomach. Gastric ulcers are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen. The bacteria or NSAIDs diminish the protective mucus covering of the stomach and small intestines. This procedure allows acid to get through to the delicate lining. The irritation from the drugs or bacteria can cause the sensitive lining to become raw, which causes an ulcer to form. Gastric ulcers can also form when there is a unevenness between the digestive juices used by the stomach to break down food. The main digestive juices, hydrochloric acid and pepsin, are very potent substances that are essential for breaking down food, which the body uses for energy. These acids are always present in the stomach in small amounts, except at meal times. About 25 million people in the United States have had a gastric ulcer during their lifetime. At least 90% of these cases are caused by H. pylori. Gastric ulcers are less common with only 85,000 cases diagnosed each year. The patients who suffer from gastric ulcers are between the ages of 55 and 65. Men are more prone to ulcers, but there has been a steady rise of women being diagnosed each year. Because the ulcer is caused primarily by the H. pylori bacteria, those living in underdeveloped countries...
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...Honey and Cinnamon Great information!! Cinnamon and Honey...!Drug companies won't like this one getting around. Facts on Honey and Cinnamon: It is found that a mix of honey and cinnamon cures most diseases. Honey is produced in most of the countries of the world. Scientists of today also note honey as very effective medicine for all kinds of diseases. Honey can be used without side effects which is also a plus.Today's science says that even though honey is sweet, when it is taken in the right dosage as a medicine, it does not harm even diabetic patients. Researched by western scientists: HEART DISEASES: Make a paste of honey and cinnamon powder, put it on toast instead of jelly and jam and eat it regularly for breakfast. It reduces the cholesterol and could potentially save one from heart attack. Also, even if you have already had an attack studies show you could be kept miles away from the next attack. Regular use of cinnamon honey strengthens the heart beat. In America and Canada, various nursing homes have treated patients successfully and have found that as one ages the arteries and veins lose their flexibility and get clogged; honey and cinnamon revitalize the arteries and the veins. ARTHRITIS: Arthritis patients can benefit by taking one cup of hot water with two tablespoons of honey and one small teaspoon of cinnamon powder. When taken daily even chronic arthritis can be cured. In a recent research conducted at the Copenhagen University, it was found that when the...
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...Anatomy The alimentary canal, also known as the digestive tract, is the pathway by which food enters and is expelled from the body. It begins at the mouth, then follows to the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and ends at the anus. The main structures of the mouth, or oral cavity, are the teeth, tongue, and palate. The teeth tear and grind food down so that it is small enough to proceed through digestion, this is called bolus. The tongue is a large and powerful muscle that helps mix food, and houses sensory receptors for taste. The lingual frenulum is a fold of mucosa that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth. Lastly, the palate separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity, allowing separate passages for air and food. The mouths moist environment, provided by mucous membranes and salivary glands, aid in softening food and facilitate swallowing. The pharynx, commonly called the throat, has three main sections. The first section is the nasopharynx, which makes up the back of the nasal cavity. It connects to the second region, the oropharynx, by a passage called the isthmus. The oropharynx begins at the back of the mouth and continues down to the epiglottis, a flap of tissue that covers the air passage to the lungs and directs food to the esophagus. The third region, the laryngopharynx, which begins at the epiglottis and leads to the esophagus, regulates the passage of air and food. The next stop is the esophagus, which can expand or...
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...Lifestyle or Medication? Shaundra Bentley HCA/240 10/25/2015 Melody Lehosit Describe the lifestyle changes individuals can implement to prevent or control the disease. Gastritis is the inflammation of the lining of the stomach. The inflammation of gastritis is most of the time a result of an infection. The cause can be from too much alcohol, tobacco, coffee and more. Some lifestyle changes can be implemented to heal avoid gastritis are; try to eat smaller meals at more frequent times throughout the day, instead of three big meals, try to avoid spicy, acidic, fried, or fatty foods that could irritate the stomach. Also avoid excessive alcohol, tobacco, coffee etc. Managing stress can make gastritis worse, so try to learn to control stress or learn stress relief techniques, to help keep gastritis calm. (Mayo Clinic). Explain the factors that might make the lifestyle changes difficult to accomplish. The factors I see that make these excessive habits hard to quit, in order to make gastritis go away, is ignoring what is going on in the stomach, but once it is acknowledged not changing the bad habits, whether you are a smoker, like to drink several times out of the day or week, take too many pain killers, or have a problem with over eating. Many people have habits they difficult to change, they may never be able to stop and continue forming a deeper habit, and cause the gastritis to become worse to the point of surgery. Propose strategies...
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...bland diet above. Over the Counter Diarrheal Aids Dogs may be given household diarrheal medicine for humans in some situations. Before giving your pet any medication, check with your veterinarian to make sure it is safe and get the proper dosage information based on the size of your dog. Types of over the counter diarrhea aids to consider (after checking with your veterinarian): • Pepto Bismol • Immodium • Kaopectate Quick Response Your quick response is the best dog diarrhea cure there is. Take a look at the dog's environment to see if he has eaten a foreign object or been exposed to the feces of an infected animal who has a disease. Take your dog to the veterinarian if necessary, or change his diet if you suspect a minor illness to be the cause of the diarrhea. Dog Stomach Problems 5 [pic]"Dog Stomach Problems can have multiple causes. The most common symptom is vomiting. If your dog has just eaten, was outside and may have eaten garbage or grass or is on a new medication than this is likely the cause. Note that if your dog licked antifreeze in the street, this is a poison and requires immediate treatment. If your dog is suffering...
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...communicable to noncommunicable diseases. Although, cancer is the third cause of death in Iran, it`s mortality are on the rise during recent decades. This mini-review was carried out to provide a general viewpoint on common cancers incidence in Iran and to explain incidental differences that may help us to establish early detection programs and investigate population risk factors. A detailed PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar search were made from 2000 to 2009. The basic inclusion criteria were all relevant studies focused on cancer epidemiological data from Iran. Overall age-standard incidence rate per 100 000 population according to primary site is 110.43 in males and 98.23 in females. The five most common cancers (except skin cancer) are stomach, esophagus, colon-rectum, bladder and leukemia in males, and in females are breast, esophagus, stomach, colon-rectum and cervix uteri. The incidence rates of gastrointestinal cancers are high in Iran (it is one of the known areas with a high incidence of GI cancers). Breast cancer mainly affects Iranian women about a decade earlier than Western countries and younger cases are affected by an increasing rate of colorectal cancer in Iran, near the Western rates. Archives of Iranian Medicine, Volume 13, Number 2, 2010: 143 – 146. Keywords: Common cancer ● incidence ●Iran ● risk factors Introduction ran, which is located in southwest Asia, is in an epidemiologic transition and faces the double burden of diseases. The demographic and epidemiological...
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...----------------------- Stomach Cancer in Middle aged and Older Adults Stomach cancer is also called gastric cancer. This cancer begins in the stomach. Most of the time, the stomach cancer grows slowly over many years, and begins in the mucosa and grows into the other layers of the stomach. The stomach wall has five layers which the cancer affects, with three layers in specific because it can grow in these deeper. The innermost layer is the mucosa, which is where the cancer starts; next layer is the submucosa, a layer of muscle called the musclaris, and then the outer two outer layers, the subserosa, and the serosa, which is the wrapping for the stomach itself. Symptoms of Stomach Cancer and How It Affects Your Body Stage one is considered the early stage of stomach cancer which causes indigestion, heartburn, loss of appetite, and abdominal discomfort. Stage two is considered the middle stage of stomach cancer which causes weakness and fatigue, and bloating usually after a meal. Stage three or more of stomach cancer begins with all the symptoms mentioned above such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, weight loss, bleeding, and dysphagia. [pic] Layer of the Stomach [pic] [pic] Stomach Cancer Prevention and Detection of Stomach Cancer To help with the prevention of stomach cancer begin avoiding foods high in smoked and pickled cooking and processing, and avoid salted meats and fish. Also eat a...
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...Stem cells have unique properties such as the ability to self-renew or specialise and make a different cell type and disperse themselves’ almost indefinitely and treat diseases (ASCC 2011; Lyons,I 2011). Mucosa stem cells are found mainly in the neck region and replace epithelial cells in the gastric pits and on the surface of the stomach. The Pylorus of the stomach possesses gastric pits with many glands that secrete Lysozyme as well as cells such as Epithelia cells. There are many gastrin-secreting cells which are involved in stimulating acid secretion other Enteroendo-crine cells are also present, secreting many different hormones (ASCC 2011; Lyons, I 2011). Mucosa Stem cells in the small intestine located at the base of the crypts proliferate at a constant rate. The rate of proliferation is relatively slow as the daughter cells progressively differentiate as they travel up the walls of the crypt to replace the Absorptive cells that have been removed through mechanical damage (ASCC 2011; Lyons,I 2011). These stem cells play a vital role in medical research because they have the ability to heal and disperse to any part of the body to self-heal (ASCC 2011; Lyons,I 2011). Currently, Umbilical cord stem cells are being used to treat a several blood disorders and conditions such as anaemia, autoimmune diseases and leukaemia. They are mainly used in children, but are slowly being introduced in the treatments of adults. Stem Cell research is also being developed to improve our...
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...Childhood Eating Patterns Food for Baby First Year Newborn’s stomach capacity Day 1: about 5-7ml, about the size of a marble. -Newborn’s stomach does not stretch to hold more -Firm stomach walls extra milk is most often expelled (spit up). -Mother’s colostrum is just the right amount for baby’s first feedings. | Newborn’s stomach capacity | Day 3: the newborn’s stomach capacity is 0.75-1oz: about the size of a “shooter” marble Small, frequent feedings assure that baby take-in all the milk needed. | Newborn's stomach capacity | Day 7: stomach capacity is not about 1.5-2oz; about the size of a ping-pong ball. -Frequent feedings- 8-12+ times/24 hrs -Assures baby takes in all the milk needed -Assures mother’s milk production meets baby’s demands | Colustrum | -Measurable in teaspoons- low volume but high in nutrients -Produced from the beginning of pregnancy through first several days of breastfeeding -Orange/yellowish, thick, sticky -Easily digestible by baby | Colustrum | * Provides large amounts of living cells -Defend against disease(safe vaccine) * Anitbody called IgA (immunoglobulin A) * Protects baby from infections that attack mucous membrans * throat, lungs,intestines | Colustrum | * Seals holes in baby’s gastrointestinal tract -Very permeable intestines * Contains high concentrations of leukocytes, protective white cells which can destroy disease-causing bacteria and viruses. | Colusrum | “Breastfeeding...
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...established who will benefit from the drug and the best way to administer the dug. 2.Phase I of the NoPain trials uses only 50 subjects. Why couldn’t MedPharm save money by limiting phases II and III to 50 subjects each? Each specific drug has to undergo the certain phases in order pass to the next one. For the larger sample size ensures a high degree of statistical confidence. The sample size that the drug is administered to should show better results than the placebo group. 3. Would you classify NoPain as a palliative, active,or preventive treatment for cancer? Explain. I would classify it as a palliative treatment since it is designed to relieve the pain and bring comfort to the patient. The purpose of the drug is not to cure the disease nor cause homeostasis. 4. Mae, a 76year old retiree living on a fixed income, complains about the expense of the medications she must take to control her blood pressure and diabetes. “Why do I have to pay as much as $1.33 for one little pill?” she grumbles. Based on your reading of this case study, what might you tell Mae about the cost of doing business from a drug company’s point of view? The drug company has to undergo a certain amount of work in order to develop a drug to treat you aliments. The company spends millions of dollars in order to test the drug for our safety before they release it. They also have to pay all of their test subjects and buy the materials necessary...
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...mineral malabsorption, and also changing eating habits drastically. This first issue is dumping syndrome. Dumping syndrome is named from the effect of food being "dumped" too quickly into the intestines, resulting in symptoms such as dizziness, cramping, nausea and diarrhea2. This usually begins 15-30 after eating1. This syndrome occurs because the stomach, after the surgery, cannot withstand the amount of food or foods with large amounts of sugar. Also, meals with an excessive amount of carbohydrates can cause dumping syndrome. Some ways to help control this it to eat slowly and chew foods well, sit upright while eating, do not drink as much while eating, eat more protein with meals, and eat high fiber foods when possible1. Another issue after a subtotal gastrectomy is vitamin and mineral malabsorption. The problem is cause because parts of the digestive system that prior to the surgery would separate nutrients from food are no longer there. The parts remove are normally the large cross section of the stomach and also the duodenum3. A lot of times this issue can be controlled by taking vitamin supplements. Anemia and metabolic bone disease are common so iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium, and vitamin D are usually supplemented1. More issues that patients have complained with after the surgery is lactose intolerance which include them having cramping, bloating, flatulence, and distention after consuming lactose1. Another problem that has been found is gastric stasis. Some of...
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...constant and prolonged consumption of alcohol intake is necessary. The chemical reaction that is involved with the breakdown of alcohol causes the liver to metabolize fat or glucose in a different way. Allowing the liver to build up glucose (fat) in a way that leads the liver cells to be scarred over an extended time frame. As the liver continues to replace healthy cells with scarred cells, the blood supply within the liver is decreased. Which is a symptom that causes portal hypertension. 2. The bleeding can be a result of constant vomiting from the overly high blood alcohol content. Which will cause tears through out the stomach and the esophagus and produce bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. Another cause of the bleeding could be from gastritis, which is the stomachs inability to keep its lining. Which left unprotected can cause the acid in the stomach to eat away over the years. 3. Alcohol has a huge effect on mental impairment, causing blurred vision, slurred speech, difficulty walking, and slow reaction speed. The constant day to day drinking, along with blackouts and memory loss could be the cause of his mental deterioration. Medical management of the patient would include checking the patient into a rehab center. This will cause the patient to go through withdrawals of the substance to help him get back to a normal healthy state. With the successful ending of alcohol drinking, it will allow the patients mental state to slowly return or be able to recover. "ALCOHOL'S...
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