...Samantha Sanchez Boston University July 22, 2015 Self-consciousness and gender vs. depression In the current research it has have provided a wide overview of both founding and the present appreciation of the dispositional construct of self-consciousness. Several studies have established the significance of gender and psychological implications. Such as mortality concerns and self-consciousness. As important factors in determining depression levels in human beings (Leary & Hoyle, 2013). Understanding the impact of these psychological implications on the emotional vulnerabilities especially in the adolescents has been a major subject of interest in most research work on self-consciousness. This paper presents an analytical study of the influence of psychosocial variables. For instance, age, self-esteem, self-attention, elf-consciousness, and the extent to which an individual identifies with the societal stereotype of masculinity – on depression in adolescents. Further, this paper explores the intra-individual mediators of the relationship between stress and depression in adolescents. Literature review : Self-consciousness as a variable Defined as the propensity to direct thoughtfulness toward the traits of the self, past studies have linked self-consciousness to a wide span of psychological functioning. According to Barios and Belloch (1990), these areas of psychological functioning span from the predisposition of handling of impresses, sociability, and understanding...
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...Self-Consciousness, Gender vs. Depression Samantha Sanchez Boston University Course unit name July 22nd2015 Author Note This paper was prepared for course unit, taught by Instructor name Self-Consciousness, Gender vs. Depression Current research provides a wide overview of both founding and the present appreciation of the dispositional construct of self-consciousness. Several studies have established the significance of gender and its psychological implications such as mortality concerns and self-consciousness as important factors in determining depression levels in human beings. Understanding the impact of these psychological implications on the emotional vulnerabilities especially in the adolescents has been a major subject of interest in most research work on self-consciousness. This paper presents an analytical study of the influence of psychosocial variables. For instance, age, self-esteem, self-attention, self- consciousness, and the extent to which an individual identifies with the societal stereotype of masculinity. In conducting the research several hypothesis were outlined, females in our sample will score higher on all parts of the self-consciousness questionnaire than males. Individuals with higher self-consciousness will show a preference for Invisibility over Flight when given their first chance to indicate their Superpower choice. Finally it is hypothesised that all participants will shift their...
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...Psychology, Unit 3 - Chapter 2: Consciousness Consciousness: being aware of external and internal stimuli at any given moment, which also gives a: * Sense of personal identity and individual way of perceiving the world. It can include your senses and * Perceptions of the world around you as well as memories, beliefs and attitudes Consciousness is also described to be: * Personal - it is subjective and your own perception of your internal world and the external world * Selective - you are able to limit and restrict your attention and channel your focus onto whatever * Continuous - there is never a break in your consciousness or a time where it is empty * Changing - your thoughts are constantly changing as they are easily influenced by external stimuli RENE DESCARTES - MIND & BODY ARE SEPARATE BUT INTERCONNECTED The mind-body problem debates whether the mind and body can interact, and how, or if there is even a ‘mind’ or ‘body’. Rene Descartes dualism theory states the two substances are distinct, as one is physical and one is non-physical. He believes they are able to interact through the pineal gland, which is the center of the brain (it was later discovered that’s actually where hormones are) and that the two substances can affect each other. He defined consciousness as ‘encompassing everything we are aware of, including our own existence’. It exists in the mind or ‘soul’, but also in our body because the soul does not occupy space. His quote...
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...Level of Social Consciousness Of the Grade VI Students Is presented to Dr. Nicasio A. Manatan As partial fulfillment to the requirements of Philosophy of Education in Master of Education in Child Study Philippine Normal University By Cheryll S. Leus March 2012 Introduction One of the principles in learning is that “students learn by doing.” Once they are interested in something, they are focused and can easily absorb everything. According to Birkenholz, learning is often defined as a change in behavior. Learning occurs when people take new found information and incorporate it into their life (www.umsl.edu). In this light that the teacher in Social Studies VI asked the students to conceptualize and put into action a project that can contribute in eradicating poverty in the Philippines. The teacher believes that once a person knows something about the problem, he/she has responsibility to help solve it. Engaging the pupils in solving it will eventually develop a socially oriented individual who is critically aware to what is happening in his/her surrounding. And will soon be an effective agent of change in our society. Not everything is learned within the four walls of the classroom. Students may learn things necessary to life but not everything about life. It is important to expose them to the real world outside the school. They will have first hand information about poverty in the Philippines;...
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...past years in regards to concern to woman's role, concern about equality, and feminist consciousness. Women have now become self conscious about themselves and have come to understand their place in religious communities and their relationship to scripture. However, this new women change is known as "feminist critical consciousness". First and foremost, when it comes to concern for woman's role, prior to early nineteenth century, women were not known in society as compared to men. It was all about men as a man's world. Women were not recognized with their roles as men but were just part of men as an attachment. They were seen as unclean and the source to sin. When they realized in understanding how unfair they've been addressed and inferior to men, some opponents started to use what's said in the bible against them on their wishes. Women however continue to realize how they were limited to many aspects of life but they were still undervalued and even the bible says and support it in a way that the head of a woman is her husband. This makes women less equal than men. Moreover, concern about equality was another issue women experienced then in the early centuries. Feminist began to promote "women studies" as women's experience was important. Women were seen as secondary while men had to lead everything in society. They were treated as minority in society and didn't have the chance of studying as men and all their studies were remedial. However, in God's world, women were still...
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...According to Simien and Crensaw, studies done by several scholars have only been able to focus “either on race or gender consciousness” (Simien 22, Crensaw 1244-1245); such approach does not allow them to examine the “multiple jeopardy” that black women face in American society (Burrell 10; Crensaw). This approach is apparent in Shingles study of “black consciousness” and political participation (76), in which he only considers ‘race consciousness’ among African Americans (89). Shingles does not distinguish the experiences of black women from black men but gives a rather general account with regard to black political participation (89-90). To the contrary, other scholars such as Gurin concentrate on ‘gender consciousness’, as she draws attentions mainly to how women identify themselves as ‘women’ (149). Gurin examines this specific identification by testing women’s reaction to statements such as “women’s place is in the home” and “men and women should have an equal role in running business, industry, and government”(149). In similar fashion, Andersen asks the exact same questions in her study in 1972, in order to examine to what degree the examined women would agree or disagree with the statements (449). Consequently, Gurin focuses only on gender consciousness by further measuring solely whether women identified with the “label women” and to what extent they thoughtfully did so(149)....
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...The Role of Health Consciousness, Food Safety Concern and Ethical Identity on Attitudes and Intentions towards Organic Food Dr Nina Michaelidou University of Birmingham Birmingham Business School University House Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT Phone +441214148318 n.michaelidou@bham.ac.uk Dr. Louise M. Hassan University of Stirling and the Open University Institute for Social Marketing University of Stirling Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland UK Phone +44 1786 466457 Fax +44 1786 466449 louise.hassan@stir.ac.uk 1 Abstract The paper examines the roles of health consciousness, food safety concern and ethical self identity in predicting attitudes and purchase intention within the context of organic produce. A conceptual model is derived and tested via structural equation modelling. Findings indicate food safety as the most important predictor of attitude while health consciousness appears to be the least important motive in contrast to findings from some previous research. In addition, ethical self identity is found to predict both attitudes and intention to purchase organic produce emphasizing that respondents’ identification with ethical issues affects their attitudes and subsequent consumption choices. Key words: organic foods, health consciousness, food safety, ethical self-identity, structural equation modeling, attitudes and intentions, rural consumers. Background The organic food market has grown substantially over recent years across the globe (Giffort & Bernard 2006;...
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...Understanding the relationship between self-congruity and brand loyalty, and stating the moderating effect of consumers’ price consciousness: The literature review Yulia Yushchik, 10292004 Assignment: Literature review Number of words: 2498 Brand Communication Dr. Peeter Verlegh The University of Amsterdam March 30, 2012 Introduction When the popularity of the relationship marketing is growing widely, consumer-based determinants of brand loyalty are interesting and useful field to study. Brand loyalty is realized by having strategic importance for a business. The figures provided by Bain&Co indicate that a 5% increase in customer retention varies for a company’s profit by 40 to 95%. An increase in customer loyalty of 1% is the equivalent of a 10% cost reduction (Reichheld & Teal, 2001). Gounaris and Stathakopoulos (2004) also mention that loyal customers are less expensive because they reduce marketing costs. For example, several researches found that brand loyalty is positively related to word-of-mouth (De Matos & Rossi, 2008). The relevance of consumer-oriented policy has increased at the time of economic recession. Retaining brand loyalty in a difficult economic climate is a challenging task. Practitioners propose to work harder on getting to know the customers in order to better serve their needs (Slim, 2010, February 3). This allows companies to personalized loyalty programs, which is considered to be the right solution for preserving people’s loyalty to a brand. In...
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...# 8 Introduction to Phychology BBA-1 Consciousness Instructed By Ms. Ghazala Danish Consciousness: Consciousness refers to your individual awareness of your unique thoughts, memories, feelings, sensations and environment. Your conscious experiences are constantly shifting and changing. It is prosperity of particular parts of the brain, not of the brain as a whole. The awareness of various cognitive processes and making decision. For example, in one moment you may be focused on reading this article. Your consciousness may then shift to the memory of a conversation you had earlier with a co-worker. Next, you might notice how uncomfortable your chair is or maybe you are mentally planning dinner. Cognitive Process: | Cognitive processes are very important for human behavior. It is about knowledge and the way people use their knowledge. For example, sleep, looks dream are count in cognitive process. Consciousness as a social phenomenon: Consciousness is that we aware of ourselves of our thoughts, our perceptions, our actions, our memories and our feelings. Historically, people have taken three philosophical positions about the nature of consciousness. The first and earliest position is that consciousness is not a natural phenomenon, (natural phenomenon is that subject to the laws of nature that all scientists attempt to discover: laws involving matter and purely physical forces. This position says that consciousness is something supernatural and miraculous...
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...thrust of the four forces in psychology which are natural sciences, psychoanalysis, transpersonal psychology and existentialism, phenomenology and humanistic psychology. I then chose to do the historical development and key principles of natural science otherwise known as behaviourism. Theoretical Thrust Natural sciences Natural science was about observing and experiencing. The way to understand experience was through colours, tastes, degrees of brightness, and contours but this was later on said to be wrong by Gestalt psychologists. Behaviourism was influenced by an article written by John. B. Watson. He stated that psychology must reject all reference to consciousness. Behaviourism...
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...Wordcount: 796 Lecturer: Sofija Pajic Introduction The Dutch Nutrition Centre (Voedingscentrum) has published a study on the knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding healthy eating patterns amongst the Dutch. Comparing trends of 2007, 2009 and 2011, it shows an increasing desire for a healthier eating pattern. In 2011, 41% of the population has the intention of a healthier diet, compared to 35% in 2009. 43% of the Dutch found it difficult to take on healthier eating habits in 2011, versus 37% in 2007. Over half of the consumers report that they would like more information on a healthy eating (57% in 2011 versus 35% in 2007). I use this study as a starting point for this research. Consumers would like more information to be able to make healthy choices in food. “Consumer choices for functional foods depend on how consumers perceive and understand the health and nutritional claims.”(van Trijp & Van der Lans, Ivo A, 2007).Van Trijp and Van der Lans performed a large scale research on the consumer perceptions of nutrition and health claims. The purpose of this study was to study the health benefits associated with these claims. They also looked at the type and formulation of different nutrition and health claims and dived into five claim types (content, structure-function, product, disease-risk reduction and marketing claim). Summarizing their study they state: “The general results indicate that consumer perceptions differ substantially by country and benefit being claimed...
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...to examine the effects of consumer values and past experiences on consumer purchase intention of organic personal care products, this study aims to consider further the moderating effect of perceived behavioral control on the attitudeintention relationship. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was conducted with 207 online panel members, and multiple regression analysis was used to test the relationships among the variables. Findings – The results indicate that environmental consciousness and appearance consciousness positively influence attitude toward buying organic personal care products. The addition of past experiences as a predictor of purchase intention and perceived behavioral control as a moderator of the attitude-purchase intention relationship yielded an improvement on the TPB model. Practical implications – This study suggests that retailers can develop effective marketing strategies emphasizing ecological beauty, product safety, and affordable prices to increase consumers’ intentions to buy organic personal care products. Originality/value – This study provides valuable insight into US consumer behavior regarding organic personal care products by examining the factors that influence consumers’ attitudes toward buying organic personal care products and consumers’ purchase intentions for the products. Furthermore, this study extends an application of the TPB by examining the moderating influence of perceived behavioral control on the attitude-intention relationship...
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...Chapter Overview 5.1 Overview: Consciousness, Brain Activity, Levels of Awareness CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.2 Stages of Sleep CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.1 Consciousness and Psychology 5.3 Dreams Theories of Dreams Dreams as a Reflection of Unconscious Wishes 5.2 Sleep Biological Rhythms and Stages of Sleep Sleep Theories Effects of Sleep Deprivation Sleep Disorders Insomnia Sleep Apnea Narcolepsy Parasomnias CRITICAL THINKING APPLICATION Dreams as Interpreted Brain Activity Dream Contents CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.3 Theories of Dreams 5 Learning Objectives States of Consciousness 5.1 5.2 Define consciousness. Describe how consciousness relates to psychology. Describe the changes in brain wave activity that occur during the different stages of sleep. Understand why sleep deprivation is harmful. Understand why deep sleep is important. Understand why REM sleep is important. Describe some common sleep disorders. 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Describe the two main theories of dreams. Explain the two theories of hypnosis. Discuss the effects and benefits of meditation. List and describe the four categories of psychoactive drugs. Describe the effects of psychoactive drugs on the nervous system. 5.4 Hypnosis Critical Thinking About Hypnosis Theories of Hypnosis Altered State of Consciousness Role Playing Divided Consciousness 5.6 Drug Use Mechanism of Action of Psychoactive Drugs Depressants Alcohol Narcotics/Opiates Summary of...
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...7: States of Consciousness CHAPTER PREVIEW Consciousness is our awareness of ourselves and our environment. Conscious information processing enables us to exercise control and to communicate our mental states to others. Beneath the surface, unconscious processing occurs simultaneously on many parallel tracks. Our daily schedule of waking and sleeping is governed by a biological clock known as circadian rhythm. Our sleep also follows a repeating cycle. Awakening people during REM sleep yields predictable “dreamlike” reports that are mostly of ordinary events. Freud’s view that dreams can be traced back to erotic wishes is giving way to newer theories, for example, that dreams help us process information and fix it in memory or that dreams erupt from neural activity. Studies of hypnosis indicate that, although hypnotic procedures may facilitate recall, the hypnotist’s beliefs frequently work their way into subjects’ recollections. Hypnosis can be at least temporarily therapeutic and has the potential of bringing significant pain relief. Hypnosis may be an extension both of normal principles of social influence and of everyday splits in consciousness. Psychoactive drugs also alter consciousness. Depressants act by depressing neural functioning. Although their effects are pleasurable, they impair memory and self-awareness and may have other physical consequences. Stimulants act at the synapses by influencing the brain’s neurotransmitters. Their effects depend on...
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...Consumer Green Attribute Endorsement: An Empirical Study Praveen Goyal Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India praveeng23@gmail.com Zillur Rahman Associate Professor, Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India yusuffdm@iitr.ernet.in Vinod Kumar Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India Vinodmehta8383@gmail.com Ishwar Kumar Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India Ishwar1983@gmail.com Abstract- The changes in the global climatic conditions have led and will lead to adaptive consumption behaviour and life styles in the form of aggressive conservation, recycling, energy saving, and green product. The impact of consumers’ environmental knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, and its resultant popular political actions have opened doors to pro-environmental thinking and consumption. Therefore, marketing can earn for the pro-environmental initiatives taken by the companies in terms of sustainable process and green product offerings as well as play a vital role in establishing greener patterns of consumption into contemporary life styles. Keywords- consumer behaviour, Green attributes, Green purchase decision INTRODUCTION In order to promote greener patterns of consumption into contemporary lifestyles, companies need to segment their markets on ...
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