...The findings in this study are more similar and consistent with existing research than they are not. Although this study included different age groups while the existing research studies only used college students, the data did not have much variation and still resulted in the same conclusions. The appearance of a pleasant, more attractive face caused a figurative "halo" to appear over the viewing images. The evidence found in this study demonstrates the occurrence of the halo effect as it does in all of the existing research mentioned in the literature review. We can safely conclude Edward Thorndike's prediction on the halo effect is true and valid. Despite the other studies not mentioning predictive validity within their results, I believe...
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...Substitution and Income Effects Paper Bus 640 Managerial Economics Kiva Fowlkes Dr. Magadalena Cutler October 24, 2011 Introduction Consumer Behavior is how consumers allocate their money incomes among goods and services. Each consumer has preferences for certain of the goods and services that are available in the market. Buyers also have a good idea of how much marginal utility they will get from successive units of the various products they might purchase. However, the amount of marginal & total utility that the people will get will be different for every individual in the group because all individuals have different taste and preferences. According to Maurice & Thomas (2011) “marginal utility is an additional or incremental utility. Marginal utility is defined as the change in the total utility that results from unit one unit change in consumption of the commodity within a given period of time”(p. 169). There is an assumption that consumers engage in rational behavior. Therefore one can define a consumer as a rational person, who tries to use his or her money income to derive the greatest amount of satisfaction, or utility, from it. Consumers want to get the most for their money or, to maximize their total utility. Rational behavior also requires that a consumer not spend too much money irrationally by buying tons of items and stock piling them for the future, or starve themselves by buying no food at all. Substitution and Income The income effect describes how...
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...Effects of Mass Media Paper University of Phoenix HUM-186 Media Influences on American Culture Effects of Mass Media Paper Durante el último siglo los métodos de comunicación han evolucionado de lo oral a lo digital. Cada nuevo medio de comunicación y el desarrollo ha influido en cómo los estadounidenses viven y se representan a sí mismos. Creando así una serie de costumbres típicas, las cuales conocemos como cultura. Cuando el alfabeto surgió, el material escrito comenzó a desarrollarse. Comenzando así la era de la escritura. Todo lo que antes se hacía oralmente, ahora comenzaba a ser documentado. Y de este modo la palabra escrita venció a la oral. Las épocas orales y escritas de la comunicación define la evolución futura de los medios de comunicación masiva. A partir de las eras oral y escrita se emprendió la época de impresión, lo cual fue un enorme desarrollo en la comunicación masiva. La primera impresión era muy cara y sólo los ricos podían permitirse libros y papeles. Con los libros se llego a muchas más personas más rápidamente y más lejos que nunca. De hecho, “el desarrollo histórico de los medios tecnológicos y la comunicación pueden ser rastreados a través de varias fases superpuestas o épocas en las que las nuevas formas de tecnología interrumpe y modifica las formas más antiguas; proceso que muchos académicos, críticos y profesionales de los medios tecnológicos llaman convergencia” (Campbell, Martin, y Fabos; 2012)...
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...------------------------------------------------- Effects of Mass Media Paper ------------------------------------------------- Ricky George HUM/ 186 8/17/2015 Megan McLendon The major developments in the evolution of mass media in the last century were that when 1900 came around there were newspapers, magazines and the telephone was being used to move news events and happening around the country. When a new mass media comes it out it tries to displace or interrupt the current media. In the 1900-1910 part of mass media films were starting to be made. It affected the entertainment part of newspapers and magazines but did not take hardly any business from them but the films that were being made were advertised in them. Radios was the next big media that came about in the 1920’s was radian and it was a great media technology for advertisers and people listened to it. The sound recording made in the 190’s- 1990’s were a new media also. Then are the introduction of TV in the 1940’s to present, I think it will never end but its size has got smaller on width and flat and larger in length. Video recorders started coming about in the 1970’s to present and have become smaller since its advent and are not as cumbersome as they once were. The video games also came along side the 1970’s and are still popular today. Computers first appeared in the mainframe forms in the 40’s and 50’s in then started to decrease in size from the 80’s to present. In the 90’s they were sold as desktops...
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...Imagine you are a freshman in college taking your first English Composition class. You are sitting at your desk and watching as your teacher gives a forty-minute lecture on cause and effect essays. How do you feel? How much information have you retained? Would it make a difference if she used a PowerPoint with her main ideas on a slide? At what point did you tune out? A study on active learning found that lecture-style teaching increases failure rate by 55% (Friedman et al., 8412), but there are many variations to standard lecture style teaching. Now imagine you are the same freshman and are given a brief handout on cause and effect. Then, for forty minutes you watch the pilot television episode of The Flash (based off of the DC...
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...Applying The Principle Of Double Effect. “But what about cases where an action aims at a good end that is achieved only through what is, according to natural law, evil? For example, in order to preserve my life (a basic good according to natural law), I must kill my attacker. Since killing violates the basic good of life, I seemingly violated the natural law at the same time I was obeying it. The “principle of double effect” has been developed by natural law theorists to resolve such dilemmas. In brief, the principle states that, in the attempt to bring about a good end, it is morally permissible that a foreseen yet unintended evil result occurs (Simon, 127).” This quote essentially means that a double effect is acting as a double standard, and while double standards are usually not considered fair/just/appropriate, in this case of natural law, it is permissible. This is because that even though an...
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...Following the infamous murder of Kitty Genovese in which not one of her thirty-eight neighbors called for help when they heard her struggle with an attacker, psychologists began to investigate and search for reasons that would explain the neglect that occurred that tragic night. Psychologists and researchers discovered a phenomenon known as the bystander effect which theorizes that the likelihood of a bystander to intervene decreases when there are a greater number of bystanders present. The bystander effect is influenced by various factors that essentially inhibit individuals from intervening. Looking at the case of Kitty Genovese, there is one main principle that influenced her neighbor’s from involving themselves. Many of her neighbors assumed that another was already taking action considering there were thirty-eight others who lived in the building and therefore were witness to the situation. This occurrence is referred to as the diffusion of responsibility in which a bystander relies on someone else to react instead of taking responsibility themselves. This factor becomes more influential as the amount of bystanders increase in size. The problem here becomes...
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...Radiation Induced Bystander Effect Bystander effect was first demonstrated back in 1954 when cells exposed to low doses of LET radiation were found to have an indirect effect in producing a plasma—borne factor, which led to chromosome breakage and cytogenic abnormalities in human bone marrow or lymphocytes and caused tumors in rats [2]. An experiment conducted by Nagasawa in 1992 proved the existence of Bystander effect. The study showed that irradiation of 1% cells with alpha particles resulted in a chromatid exchange in more than 30% of the cells. Since the effect was observed in the cells that were not targeted but were in close proximity to the targeted cells; therefore they were called bystander cells and the effect was collect the bystander...
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...The Mozart effect & Music and Spatial Task Performance Courtney Corkill PSY 363: Cognitive Psychology Argosy University August 1st, 2014 The research hypothesis for Music and Spatial Task Performance is that listening to Mozart may have more of a positive effect on task performance than a relaxation tape or silence. The independent variables are the three groups that are music, silence, and relaxation tape. These are the independent variables because these are what can be manipulated (Gonzalez, C.). The dependent variable is the performance that is measured at the end of each test or experiment. Some variables that the researched were able to control in their study were the sound, or listening conditions, and the environment...
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...stress in their lives and are under the misconceived notion that it relaxes them. Others smoke due to the assumption that because their parents smoke, it must be okay. A little common sense would indicate that inhaling smoke cannot be good or healthy for the human body. Smoking is very addicting and it affects youth to adult youth. One effect of smoking, and probably the one that the non-smokers hate the most, is that it stinks up everything around them. Smokers usually have smelly hair, breath, clothes, and, if they smoke indoors, a smelly room/ house. The stench of a cigarette is so strong and very hard to get rid of. Even if the person quits smoking the odor remains for a long time. Another effect of smoking is one that most people don’t even take into consideration. It stains the teeth yellow, or sometimes even brown. Since this effect is long term, most people are not aware of it when they begin smoking. The truth is that a cigarette stain is very hard to eliminate from the teeth, and it can end up costing a considerable amount of money. Yellow teeth are disgusting because they give an unhygienic image and make people look older A third effect of smoking is that it will eventually end up affecting the smoker’s personal finances. Depending on the country the prices of cigarettes can differ. Even at an affordable price the regular consumption of cigarettes will eventually go up.5 packs of cigarettes a week cost $10 a pack that $2600 a year. (Ruelan, 2012) We learn and are taught...
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...One situation that may lead to unethical practices and behavior in accounting is a toxic corporate culture. Simply put a corporate culture defines the way we do things here. Some of the most important factors shaping a corporate culture are the behavior of leaders and the leadership style prominent in the company. If ethics and integrity are not actively practiced and not just words on a Code of Ethics, the company is very prone to unethical practices, including financial reporting. Integrity and ethics are delicate jewels. Building integrity in leaders and their organizations takes time, continual effort and can not be feigned. It must be felt in the gut, in the core beliefs that being honest and trustworthy is the right business practice. Accountability is the foundation for authentic business relationships. At least it forces the process of identifying and resolving issues. Authentic people take full and complete ownership for their lives, their choices, thoughts, feelings and actions, without blame or faultfinding. Take the classic example of Enron. They had a Code of Ethics that addressed its Vision and Values platform RICE (Respect, Integrity, Communication, and Excellence) values statement. At the time, some thought it was a model that other companies should follow. The problem was that this model code of ethics was repeatedly violated by executives. Enron's accounting problems and subsequent bankruptcy did not emerge out of the blue, nor was there any single identifiable...
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...Stress affects the policing community because stress naturally affects the way one thinks and their reactions to situations. This is crucial for an officer because their duties do not allow much room for error. Also policing agencies are a team and a team is only as strong as its weakest member. With the normal stress of fighting crime one doesn’t have much room for added stress. Everyone and any amount of stress affects the entire department one as a whole. A police officer has to be alert and aware of their surroundings. If one person slips for a mere second it can very well cost another’s life. Police culture develops in different cities in their departments over generations of policing. I believe that the cultures are somewhat inherited and have a lot to do with the surrounding area. Keeping in mind that every police officer is in fact an individual with different morals beliefs and standards which are brought to the departments to create an overall culture filled with some of every ones ideas and beliefs throughout the department. This affects evolving job situations dramatically. Older officers are more set in their ways which makes it hard for the newer officers to come in with any ideas and also hard for them to promote. Promotions have changed in this day and age and they are not based on seniority has they once was. It is hard for an individual in the work place to come in has a supervisor fresh out of college and supervise a 20 year veteran. Education plays a bigger...
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...The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Paper Amy Everett ACC/210 December 7, 2015 The Effects of Technology on the Accounting Profession Paper The accounting profession has seen many changes with the advancements of technology and has given accountants with various tools. Examples of these tools include computer-integrated manufacturing, image processing, communications technology, the Internet, and software systems. These examples are a few of the many tools provided by technology and whose purpose is to provide more detailed and accurate information in a timely manner. Advancing technology allows companies to maintain more accurate financial records which are available at the touch of a key. While the advancements have benefited companies everywhere, it also creates new challenges for the accounting profession. Corporate Tax Network (2013) believes that the concept of the spreadsheet has allowed accountants to quickly make calculations with formulas, perform forecasting analysis, and create visualizations that show what the client’s finances and tax requirements from the past, present, and into the future look like. Computers, scanners, faxes, and printers have had a positive impact on the accounting profession. The software that is available makes efficient work of the figures that are reported and provides more accuracy as the calculations are done automatically. With the use of accounting software, the accountant can interpret the financial data...
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...The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper Your Name PSY460 Date Instructor Name The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper * Concepts of Territoriality, Privacy, and Personal Space Territoriality refers to a limited district for a person or animal and the tendency to defend an area of territory (Oxford, 1042); whereas personal, or one’ private space indicates the region humans or animals designate as their own. The relationship between the thoughts of territoriality, privacy, and personal personal space to population mass is associated with behavior. For example, Rubenstein (1980) examined changes in population mass and supply patterns, and noted how these changes affects the hostile behavior of the small sunfish. According to Rubenstein, the means by which small sunfish contend for nourishment is swayed by the mass of the inhabitants, the dispersal of victims, and the gender domination position of a person. Studies on territorial rights showed that Increases in prey dispersion reduced the proportion of battles over possessions in both low and high mass populations (Morrell & Koko, 200). Morrell & Koko sought to explain how animals establish territorial ownership, which is viewed as a major determinant of fitness in territorial animals. Some other behavioral characteristics associated with the establishment of territories include: (a) subordinates initiate fights over resources; (b) initiators are unlikely to contest prey in low mass inhabitants;...
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...The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper The population density of the world has grown so fast over the last years, this is all do to the population rate of the world. When you think of population density it is the amount of people numerically that have settled in a specific area. I was reading the census website and found out that nearly 70 people are occupying per square mile of the world. Issues that have occurred with population density that have caused problems with the world are minimal privacy, excess population, and pollution. Issues that occur also with population density affect everyone around it and the environment, noise is a dominant problem. Due to the matter of population density there is now another problem that is being caused by it which is noise production, especially in high density areas. Then when areas that are populated continue to grow the people that are living in them will chose to move somewhere else to gain some type of privacy. In my paper I will describe the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space. Examine how the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space have become increasingly important as populations become denser. I will clarify the effect nature has on individuals living in urban environment. Describe the concept of noise and examine the effect that it has on individuals. Finally I will examine at least two strategies that can be used to...
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