...Article review: One‐Party Rule and the Challenge of Civil Society in Vietnam Vietnam has experienced important changes since the Doi Moi in 1986. One of these changes is the emergence of the political civil society groups. Nowadays, these groups gain importance over the years. The reason of the presence of those association and groups is because of the repression of the state, the hegemony exercised by it, the corruption and other social ills. That is to say that Vietnam may face domestic instability if the one-party state fails to answer the civil society’s challenge. The Vietnamese system, the mono-organizational one has during these last years lived some important changes. The Vietnam Communist Party was viewed as an elitist hierarchical organization that exercised an unchallenged power. This party has been exercising control over the state and the armed forces by the penetration by committees and party cells Such as Vietnam fatherland Front, an umbrella Organizations grouping the majority of pro-party mass organizations of the country. The state has allowed a little room for the private sector, for associations such as Vietnam Union of Friendship Associations and organizations as the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry. This private sector employs more than ninety per cent of the work force and private enterprises gain more importance and growth over the years even if it is policy that party committees must be established in all private enterprises. Nevertheless...
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...Martin Luther King, Jr said, “One has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws.” Civil disobedience is part of our culture. People stand up for themselves when laws, rules, or just when things are unfair and unjust. Martin Luther King, Jr is a prime example of civil disobedience. In his “Letter from Birmingham City Jail,” he describes his own thoughts on civil disobedience through real life experiences. David Thoreau is also a main figure in civil disobedience from his letter, “Civil Disobedience.” He talks about what he did to stand up for what he felt was right. There is a couple of reasons to believe in civil disobedience , one it can bring attention to main topics and also create real change in society. Civil disobedience is only...
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...Executive Summary This report examines interests of each role in social members and evaluates power relations in society, which covers government, corporations and civil society. Research method is covered a literature review which is based on quality academic journal articles, texts and research institutes’ materials. The report clarifies each member’s interaction and its power residents. This power resident and relationship can be reformed through social agenda setting. There is possibility that power-balanced society in capitalism can be diminished through its change into neoliberalism agenda. This is examined through reviewing Japan’s development in last couple of decade. Contents Table 1.0 introduction..............................................................................................3 2.0 Role and power resident.........................................................................3 2.1 The role and power resident of Government.....................................................3 2.2 The role and power resident of Corporations....................................................4 2.3 The role and power resident of Citizens...........................................................5 3.0 An Interaction of Government, Corporations and Citizens…………6 4.0 Character of social context (capitalism, neoliberalism)…………....7 4.1 A power interaction in Capitalism...................................................................7...
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...in paving the way for public to participate indecision-making process and governance system. Right to Information is one of the lately recognized rights, generally information means any material in any form including records, documents, memos, e-mails, opinions, advices, press releases, circulars, orders, logbooks, contracts, reports, papers, samples, models, proceedings, decisions. This is one of the importance right held in public agencies. This term also includes the right to study or observe any written documents, materials held in public agencies or proceedings of such public agencies, to obtain a verified copies of such written documents, to visit or observe the places where any construction of public importance is going on and to obtain verified samples of any materials or to obtain information held in any type machine. The terms 'Right to Information' and 'Freedom of Information' are often used interchangeably and have long been regarded as fundamental Human Rights. Common Article 19 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) recognizes Right to...
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...DEFINE THE CONCEPT OF CIVIL MILITARY RELATIONS. COMPARE CIVIL MILITARY RELATIONS BETWEEN MALAYSIA AND ANOTHER STATES Introduction Civil Military Relations (CMR) describes the military and its relationship with the political system and society which it part is of.[1] Other scholar such as Huntington in his book Soldier and States dictate CMR as military security policy which together with internal and situational security policies is an aspect of national security policy, working at both the operational and institutional levels. In the laymen word, it describes the relationship between the civil authority of a given society and its military authority. Studies of CMR often rest on a normative assumption that civilian control of the military or military control of the state.[2] Civilian government control of the military basically happen in the countries that have developed political culture. Meanwhile, military will use is power to control the government and the state when society’s respect for civilian government are low. In other situation is when high level of external threat creates a massive destruction to the state or people, military will intervention is more likely. This essay will compare the CMR between Malaysia and Myanmar in order to differentiate and give clear understanding between civilian controls the military or military control the civilian. Civil – Military Relations in Malaysia Since independence, the Malaysian elites...
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...Masters Student of Research and Public Policy at University of Dar-Es-Salaam ------------------------------------------------- INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------- Civil society is often described as the “third sector”, a domain outside market and state which contributes economic participation. Its strength can have a positive economic influence on the state and the market. Other scholars such as Adam Smith and Marx in identifying civil society primarily as economic interaction through the market and hence civil society acting as the agent for promoting economic development in country by stimulating good governance like transparency, effectiveness, openness, responsiveness and accountability. Therefore key features of successful civil society which emanate from various definitions include the following: separation from the state and the market; formed by people who have common needs, interests and values like tolerance, inclusion, cooperation and equality; and development through a fundamentally endogenous and autonomous process which cannot easily be controlled from outside. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the functions or economic roles of civil society. Firstly, Civil society is often associated with its advocacy role. Civil society can identify problems that are not addressed by the economic elite and bring them to public attention, thereby creating public opinion, awareness and change. In many countries ,NGOs have taken on a...
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...Monday , the 25th of June the forth public debate as part of EU PROGRESS campaign : ‘Zelim…jer tu zivim' was held in the hall of Municipal Assembly of Blace. In the presence of over 40 representatives from local governments Toplica, representatives of civil society, business and media, the Swiss Ambassador to Serbia HE. E. Ervin H. Hofer said that back in 2001. Switzerland recognized the importance of implementing changes at local levels. ‘The citizens of Switzerland firstly identify with their municipality, and only then with their country, because local governments serve them and their families. Citizens must feel that the municipality is working for their welfare, and that is the question of mutual trust. It is therefore very important that municipal finances are handled in a transparent way and that money is spent taking liquidity into consideration . Ambitions must be matched with available resources. It is important that the community itself has the initiative, and does not expect that representatives of the Assembly or the government will do all the work’, said the Ambassador Hofer. He added that Switzerland supports projects such as the EU PROGRESS because of its long tradition of decentralization and direct democracy. ‘We believe that sustainable development is possible only with respect to principles of good governance. These principles are closely related to the way public institutions manage their resources and whether services are provided efficiently, without...
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...Executive summary This report seeks to define Environmental sustainability and examine its importance in the contemporary world of corporate dominance in the world arena. Business activities are regularly having an increasing contribution to environmental problems and threatening sustainability. Phenomena like climate change and extreme weather events have evidenced the effects of relentless use and overuse of natural resources. The need for environmental sustainability has become important now more than ever following the occurrence of repeated natural disasters and studies showing the ill effects on human health. It has been established that the misuse of natural resources can threaten the existence of future generations. The role of businesses, civil society and governments has been discussed in the context of environmental sustainability in this report with focus on climate change. The oil and gas sector is an important sector in terms of sustainability related to the environment. The sector has been scrutinized widely for occurrences like leakages and oil spills. The companies in this sector have a huge impact on the environment. The importance of oil companies in the path to sustainable development has been discussed. The multinational giants British Petroleum and ExxonMobil have been used as case studies to understand the kind of initiatives being taken in this sector for a sustainable environment. Lastly, the challenges related to the sector in implementing these initiatives...
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... in the late 1960’s to ‘confront existing structures of oppression,’ giving the impetus for the emergence of the Women’s Liberation Movement. Caine argues the emergence of the movement bought a ‘new tone,’ when discussing women’s oppression. Rather than focusing directly on women’s suffrage, this was a political movement demanding ‘rapid and radical change,’ in an ever increasing ambience of liberalisation. Upon inception, it is vital to highlight one can account different reasons for the emergence of the movement in Britain and America, as different domestic situations led to different reasons for the emergence of a more radical form of feminism. This essay, together with a multiplicity of historians, will consider the importance of World War II and the Civil Rights Movement, and the impact they had on the emergence of the Women’s Liberation Movement. Linked to this is the ever apparent discrimination women faced and increasing desires to change this, coupled with developments of new opportunities, demonstrated by the aforementioned world events. Additionally, the impact of literature such as Betty Friedan’s, The Feminine Mystique, needs to be considered. Whilst all the factors play an important role in contributing to the emergence, it will be concluded that the increased confidence especially politically, demonstrated by the factors mentioned, by women was ultimately responsible for the emergence of the Women’s Liberation Movement in the late 1960’s. It has been argued...
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...ROLE OF CIVIL SERVICES IN DEMOCRACY Importance/ Functions of Civil Services Civil Services is the functional body responsible for carrying on the administration under the direction and control of the elected representatives of people and in accordance with the rules and principles. As per E.N. Gladden “It is the function of Civil Services to fulfil the will of Parliament, as formulated by the Cabinet – i.e. the Cabinet works out the policies of the Government. The Civil Services see that these policies, when duly approved by the Parliament, is faithfully executed, so far as this is humanly possible. Their main job is to assist the Government in policy formulation and then implementing this very policy on ground in most efficient manner. Civil Services keep identifying new areas of societal concerns, inform the political masters and help them design the potential solutions, in form of various schemes and progs. They keep taking feedback of performance of these schemes and bring required modifications in them. It is the civil services, which is in constant touch with citizens at all levels of government – people interactions. Therefore the efficiency and attitude of civil servants will reflect upon the people’s confidence and faith in the governance system of the country. Highlighting the importance of civil services, Joseph Chamberlain (British politician) said to a group of civil servants, “You can do without us (political representatives), but I am fully convinced that we could...
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...Martin Luther King Jr. once said, “A genuine leader is not a searcher for consensus but a molder of consensus.” Martin Luther King was a civil rights activist who wanted better treatment and opportunities for black people. Throughout his fight, the civil rights activist displayed characteristics and actions that made him the perfect person to guide the African American people towards equality. The leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was able to unite a divided nation at a time in which racial tension was at its peak. Through his words and actions, Martin Luther King was able to influence movements that derived long after his departure. One movement that was inspired by the actions of Martin Luther King is the anti-government...
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...global market is the severe exploitation of sweatshop labour conditions such as, child labour, poor health and safety standards, indentured servitude, sexual harassment and abuse, excessive overtime and under compensation. National and International labour standards do exist, the problem is that many countries where global supplier factories are located are either unable or unwilling to enforce labour laws for one reason or another. Thus, because governments in certain countries around the world do not enforce decent labour standards, multi nationals have been able to take advantage of cheap labour without many repercussions. Corporate citizenship or social responsibility has become a very important business practice for many companies. Civil society groups and consumers are now becoming much more adamant on the issue of corporate social responsibility and global fair labour. Multi national corporations, in the past, have been focused only on one objective, profit. With the increased pressure from consumers for business transactions to be more transparent, many companies have been forced to become more corporately responsible with their business practices. Many companies around the world have tried to become socially responsible; they have implemented detailed codes of conduct and factory on-site monitoring as well as factory system auditing which includes a health management and...
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...section Date of submission UofM email address Significance of Stax on African American soul It has been a tough tussle for the African American people to advocate for their civil rights in the society and a contest against racial discrimination and isolation. Establishment of Civil Rights Movement was their chief strategy towards realizing their desires. Stax Museum of American Soul Music was one among various groups that engaged with a lot of enthusiasm in the struggle to terminate separation and ameliorate lives of their people. Other than just being a musical hub, Stax records were a cultural center where all people regardless of color or racial background were welcomed. They treated all the attendants equal, they produced an extensive variety of music making them an important aspect of the Memphis society. They inspired the African American community and gave them encouragement, fought seclusion which was widely and passionately supported during that time. Through its production business, they were able to finance performances targeting to benefit the needy in the African American society and encouraged children from the isolated society to progress with their education. They centered their interest in African American music its development and the influence it brings to the society. The neighborhood surrounding the Stax studio was a well webbed and naïve, due to this fact, they were able to record reasonable steps of advancement and success compared to those recording...
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...independence. Executive intrusions into civil and political liberties started (Sesay and Hughes 2005). Siaka Stevens of the All Peoples Congress (APC) party exacerbated these intrusions when he became Prime Minister in 1968 (Sesay and Hughes 2005). Among the combination of strategies used by Stevens and his party to achieve their political objectives were repression, corruption clientelism,...
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...HISTORY Task 2 I. Introduction: a. Audience Hook: The outcome of events and the development of cultures and societies around the world have been impacted by significant individuals throughout history. These individuals have changed political governments as well as societal changes within our own country, the United States and around the world. This paper will discuss one of our well known world leaders and a well-known American Leader and the significant impact these individuals had on society and political changes. b. Thesis statement: History shows how leaders impact the outcomes and development of cultures and society due to social and political changes and influences. c. Preview of Main Points: i. World leader Gandhi led to Satyagraha and the equal rights for all. ii. Martin Luther King Jr. contributed to the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act. II. Gandhi’s contribution to social changes. a. One of the worlds most pronounced leaders of the twentieth century. b. Concept of Satyagraha, truth and firmness (Mohandas Gandhi). c. Indian Independence from Britain in 1947. III. Martin Luther King Jr.’s contribution to the social changes made in the United States. a. King traveled the Country and the world to lecture other leaders, activists, and protestors on the importance, how to, and benefits on non-violent protesting. b. Civil Rights Act prohibiting racial discrimination (History.com) c. Voting Rights Act guaranteeing the right to vote to all...
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