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Traumatic Brain Injury Research Paper

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Introduction
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an injury to the brain that results from:
A hard, direct blow to the head (closed injury).
An object penetrating the skull and entering the brain (open injury).
What are the causes?
TBI is caused by a closed or open injury to the brain.
What increases the risk?
You are more likely to develop this condition if:
You are 75 years or older.
You are a man.
You are in a car accident.
You play contact sports, especially football, hockey, or soccer, and you do not wear protective gear.
You are in the military.
You are a victim of violence.
You abuse drugs or alcohol.
You have had a previous TBI.
What are the signs or symptoms?
Symptoms of this condition can vary from person to person. They may occur right …show more content…
Anger.
Inability to control emotions or actions (impulse control).
Loss of or dulling of the senses, such as hearing, vision, and touch. This can include:
Blurred vision.
Ringing in your ears.
How is this diagnosed?
This condition may be diagnosed based on the results of:
A medical history and a physical exam.
Neurologic exam. This checks for brain and nervous system function, including your reflexes, sensations, alertness, memory, vision, hearing, and coordination.
You may also have other tests to diagnose the extent of your TBI, such as a CT scan of your brain and skull. Your health care provider will use the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to determine the severity of your condition. This scoring system measures eye opening, motor response, and verbal response. The higher the score, the milder the TBI.
Your TBI may be described as mild, moderate, or severe:
Mild TBI (concussion).
Your GCS will be 13–15.
Symptoms usually go away on their own. This can take weeks or months, depending on the type of concussion.
Your brain CT scan will be normal.
You may or may not have a short hospital stay.
Moderate TBI.
Your GCS will be 9–12.
Your brain CT scan will be abnormal.
You will likely need a short hospital …show more content…
This includes work on the computer, watching TV, and reading.
Try to avoid activities that cause physical or mental stress. Stay home from work or school as directed by your health care provider.
General instructions
Limit alcohol intake to no more than 1 drink per day for nonpregnant women and 2 drinks per day for men. One drink equals 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1½ ounces of hard liquor.
Do not use illegal drugs.
Make lists to plan your day and help your memory.
Carefully follow all your health care provider's instructions.
Watch your symptoms and tell others to do the same. Complications sometimes occur after a TBI.
Seek support from friends and family.
Work closely with all your therapists, if necessary.
Keep all follow-up visits as directed by your health care provider. This is important.
Contact a health care provider if:
Seek medical care if you have any of the following symptoms for more than two weeks after your injury:
Chronic headaches.
Dizziness or balance problems.
Nausea.
Vision problems.
Increased sensitivity to noise or light.
Depression or mood swings.
Anxiety or irritability.
Memory

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