...NT1230 Client Server Networking 1 1 Originally RAID stood for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks and is now commonly referred to as (Redundant Array of Independent Disks), is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple disks for the purpose of data redundancy. 2 We use raid when data accessibility and performance is critical. 3 the Levels of Raid A RAID 0: Consists of striping without mirroring or parity -- A RAID 0 setup splits data evenly across two or more disks, it is important to note that RAID 0 has no added redundancy for handling disk failures the same as with a spanned volume. B RAID 1: Consists of data mirroring but without parity or striping. -- With a Raid 1 setup, it creates an exact copy (or mirror) of data on two or more disks. If one of the drives goes down your array will still be functional until the effected drive can be fixed or replaced. C RSoftware RAID is configured and managed by the operating system of the host computer. All processing via software RAID is handled by the host computer’s CPU. Traditionally hardware RAID offered better I/O performance but with technological advancements offered on CPU and operating system technologies, there is very little difference in performance between hardware and software RAID. Hetzner has removed hardware RAID from its product offering as software RAID offers a better price/performance ratio over hardware RAID. For customers who still wish to have hardware RAID configured on their...
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...NT1230 Unit 2. Assignment 1 Disk Redundancy Research 1. What does RAID stand for? Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk 2. When would we use RAID? When you have a vast amount of data to need to be backup or to improve speed of the system. 3. Define the following types of RAID: a. RAID 0: Splits data evenly across two or more disks (striped) without parity information for speed. RAID 0 was not one of the original RAID levels and provides no data redundancy. RAID 0 is normally used to increase performance, although it can also be used as a way to create a large logical disk out of two or more physical ones. b. RAID 1: An exact copy (or mirror) of a set of data on two disks. This is useful when read performance or reliability is more important than data storage capacity. Such an array can only be as big as the smallest member disk. c. RAID 5: Comprises block-level striping with distributed parity. Unlike in RAID 4, parity information is distributed among the drives. It requires that all drives but one be present to operate. Upon failure of a single drive, subsequent reads can be calculated from the distributed parity such that no data is lost. RAID 5 requires at least three disks. d. RAID 6: Extends RAID 5 by adding an additional parity block; thus it uses block-level striping with two parity blocks distributed across all member disks. 4. Why is RAID 0 of any use if it offers no redundancy? It splits data evenly across two or more disks (striped) without parity information...
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...Unit 2 Assignment 1: Disk Redundancy Research December 14, 2013 1) What does RAID stand for? RAID stands for? RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. 2) When would we use RAID? RAID can be used by either individual users or large network users to store data across multiple locations to increase fault tolerance. 3) Define the following types of RAID: a) RAID 0 b) RAID 1 c) RAID 5 d) RAID 6 RAID 0 | Strips data without redundancy. Provides faster performance, but it lacks fault tolerance. | RAID 1 | Known as disk mirroring. This method doesn’t strip data, it saves all data intact across at least two disks to provide fault tolerance. | RAID 5 | Uses rotating parity to store data. There is do data duplication, but the parity data can be used to reconstruct data. Mostly used by large organizations for data that is not performance sensitive. | RAID 6 | Same as RAID 5, but adds another parity scheme to increase fault tolerance. | 4) Why is RAID 0 of any use if it offers no redundancy? RAID 0 allows data to be broken up in order to allow faster access to data. 5) Why do you think that RAID 1 can be the most expensive? Why would people utilize it if it’s so costly? RAID 1 can be the most expensive because it requires an entire drive to make a duplicate of any data and the more copies you want, the more drives you need. People still use is because it makes complete copies of data, not partial ones. The complete copies allow users...
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...Assignment Title Unit 2. Assignment 1. Disk Redundancy Research Assignment Overview: Using the Internet and the ITT Tech Virtual Library, research the following questions, and provide your thoughts on each one. Submit your answers in a Word Document and ensure that you cite any resources you utilized with the proper APA format. 1. What does RAID stand for? RAID stands for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks 2. When would we use RAID? 3. Define the following types of RAID: a.RAID 0: Striped Set -- A RAID 0 setup splits data evenly across two or more disks. It is important to note that RAID 0 was not one of the original RAID levels, and is not redundant. If one drive goes down your server will need to be restored from backup b. RAID 1 Mirrored Set -- A Raid 1 setup creates an exact copy (or mirror) of data on two or more disks. A typical setup just has two drives that are setup to mirror data. If one drive goes down your server will still be functional until a scheduled drive replacement can be installed. c. RAID 5 Striped Set with Parity -- A RAID 5 setup uses block-level striping with parity data distributed across all disks in the RAID Array. This means you can have one drive fail and your server will remain functional until a scheduled drive replacement can be installed. RAID 5 also increases read/write speeds while using the available disk space efficiently. d. RAID 6 Similar to RAID 5 but not as widely used, RAID 6 performs either two parity computations...
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...UNIT 2 ASSIGNMENT 1 2 1. What does RAID stand for? Originally, RAID stood for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks. Currently it is more commonly known as standing for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. 2. When would you use RAID? Having data on multiple disks helps ensure against data loss in case of a drive failure. If one of the drives fails most levels of RAID allow the user to just replace that one drive while not losing any data. Having multiple drives also allows multiple read and write operations to be going on at the same time, which increases performance. 3. Define the following types of RAID: a. RAID 0 Using two or more disks, RAID 0 utilizes a striped disk array with data broken down and written part to each disk. This increases performance since multiple input / output operations can be carried out at the same time. RAID 0, unlike the other levels of RAID, does not provide any protection against data loss. If one drive goes down, all of the data will be corrupted. b. RAID 1 RAID 1 requires two or more disks to operate, it organizes data into mirrored pairs. When data is written to one of the drives in a mirrored pair, it is automatically written to both drives. That way if one of the two drives fails the user just needs to replace that one drive. It also provides an increase in performance since two read operations can be performed at the same time. Only one write can be performed at a time since the data must be written to...
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...NT1230 Unit 2 Disk Redundancy 1. RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. A way of logically putting multiple disks together into a single array, getting more reliability and faster capabilities. 2. Use RAID if redundancy and reliability are important. If there are problems with your computer RAID will give you more throughputs enabling you to read and write data from multiple drives instead of one. 3. A. RAID 0: Known as stripping. Where data is stored across any number of disks. You can have from two (2) to thirty two (32) physical disks. If one disk fails, all information is lost. There is no redundancy. B. RAID 1: Known as mirroring. Data is written identically across all drives in the array. Used mainly for redundancy. No data will be lost if a drive fails. You must have two (2) disks. C. RAID 5: Data is split over three or more discs, in a way that protects the data if any of the discs fail. Parity is stored on all of the discs in the drive array, which means that if one disc fails, you won't lose all of your information. Reading is faster since the data has more drives to read from. Writing is a downfall due to the fact that the data has to be compared and processed in order to create the parity. Must have 3 disk minimum and from 8 to 16 maximum. D. RAID 6: Is like RAID 5 with the stripping and parity across the array of disks but adds a second set of parity information for each block of data. Level-6 requires a minimum of four drives...
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...Unit 8A Charles Burchess Kaplan University IT332 Principles of Information Systems January 10, 2014 Unit 8A Backing up user data is vital to the company. To do this a backup server would be the way to go. There are several ways to do this one would be to install a NAS or use a Server to make sure the data is backed up. A NAS unit is a computer connected to a network that provides only file-based data storage services to other devices on the network. Although it may technically be possible to run other software on a NAS unit, it is not designed to be a general purpose server. For example, NAS units usually do not have a keyboard or display, and are controlled and configured over the network, often using a browser. A full-featured operating system is not needed on a NAS device, so often a stripped-down operating system is used. For example, FreeNAS, an open source NAS solution designed for commodity PC hardware, is implemented as a stripped-down version of FreeBSD. NAS systems contain one or more hard drives, often arranged into logical, redundant storage containers or RAID. NAS uses file-based protocols such as NFS, SMB/CIFS, AFP, or NCP. NAS units rarely limit clients to a single protocol. NAS is useful for more than just general centralized storage provided to client computers in environments with large amounts of data. NAS can enable simpler and lower cost systems such as load-balancing and fault-tolerant email and web server systems by providing...
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...Unit 2 Assignment 1 Disk Redundancy Research 1. What Does RAID stand for? Redundant Array of Independent Disks 2. When would we use RAID? It’s a balanced way to improve overall storage performance. 3. Define the following types of RAID a. RAID 0: Provides data striping but it lacks both fault tolerance and redundancy to improve performance as a result if one drive fails then all data in the array is lost. b. RAID 1: Provides disk mirroring and duplexing so level one provides twice the read transaction rate of single disks and the same write transaction rate as a single disk. c. RAID 5: Uses block-level striping with parity data distributed across all member disks. Also RAID 5 has achieved popularity because of its low cost of redundancy. d. RAID 6: Extends RAID 5 by adding an additional parity block thus it uses block-level striping with two parity blocks distributed across all member disks. RAID 6 does not have a performance penalty for read operations but it does have a performance penalty on write operations because of the overhead associated with parity calculations and it’s also no less space efficient then RAID 5. 4. Why is RAID 0 of any use if it offers no redundancy? Because it provides data striping even though it lacks both fault tolerance and redundancy. 5. Why do you think that RAID 1 can be the most expensive? You get two copies of everything after you have a hard drive fail on you with all of the data completely lost you’ll understand that spending...
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...months twice as many semiconductors can be stored on a chip/ double storage capacity (NOT a LAW) 2. Moore’s Law: Generalized meanings – the speed of computers is set to double every two years 3. Central Processing Unit (CPU) and the three primary components thereof – the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control & input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions. Runs programs. Three primary components are the: 1. Main Memory- (aka RAM/ physical storage) constructed from integrated circuits and needs to have electrical power in order to maintain its formation. When power is lost, so is the information. Made up electronic circuits > 2 state situation ON/OFF, High voltage/ low voltage, negatively charged/ positively charged. *PHYSICAL – reality *LOGICAL – a model; not the truth 2. Control Unit- extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them calling on the ALU when necessary 3. Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) - performs arithmetic and logical operations 4. Von Neumann Architecture – computer architecture consisting of the 3 CPU components. (1945 mathematician & physicist) 5. Execution Cycles/ Instruction Cycles – how the control unit works. Measures the speed of the control unit. A process by which the computer retrieves a program instruction from its main memory, determines...
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...question 1-10 p. 144 Pg 1 Disk Redundancy Research Pg 2 1. By default, Windows 7 standers users are permitted to install Plug and Play devices only if their drivers are digitally signed. 2. The debilitating condition in which files are stored as clusters scattered all over a disk is called fragmentation. 3. The file system included in Windows 7 that is specifically designed for on flash drives called eXfat. 4. Technically speaking, you create partitions on basic disks and volumes on dynamic disks. 5. In windows 7, the Fat32 file system is limited to volumes no larger than 32 GB. 6. The digital signature of a driver consists of a Checksum that is appended to the driver itself before publication. 7. To create a fourth primary partition on a basic disk, you must use the Disk Part utility. 8. To extend or shrink a partition on a basic disk, you must be a member of the Administrators or Backup Operators group. 9. The default partition style used by windows 7 on anx86 computer is MBR. 10. All digital signed drivers have undergone Windows Hardware Quality Lab testing. 1. RAID stands for, Redundant Array of Independent Disks. 2. We would RAID when we need to combining several hard disk drives into one logical unit. 3. A. RAID 0 is stripping it divides the information onto 2 or more hard drives speeding up the input and output of the device, B. RAID 1 is mirroring it provides redundancy by writing all data to...
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...UNIT 2. ASSIGNMENT 2. DISK REDUNDANCY RESEARCH Assignment Requirements: Using the Internet and the ITT Tech Virtual Library, research the following questions, and provide your thoughts on each one. Submit your answers in a Word Document and ensure that you cite any resources you utilized with the proper APA format. 1. What does RAID stand for? A. Redundant Array of Independent Disks 2. When would we use RAID? A. When you need a performance increase in software or software redundancy. Running a large Info server were a lot of people will be getting info at the same time. 3. Define the following types of RAID: A. RAID 0 this configuration has striping but no redundancy of data. It offers the best performance but no fault-tolerance. B. RAID 1 Also known as disk mirroring, this configuration consists of at least two drives that duplicate the storage of data. There is no striping. Read performance is improved since either disk can be read at the same time. Write performance is the same as for single disk storage. C. RAID 5 this level is based on block-level striping with parity. The parity information is striped across each drive, allowing the array to function even if one drive were to fail. The array’s architecture allows read and write operations to span multiple drives. This results in performance that is usually better than that of a single drive, but not as high as that of a RAID 0 array. RAID 5 requires at least three disks, but it is often recommended to use at...
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...(Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a storage technology that combines multiple disk drive components into a logical unit. Data is distributed across the drives in one of several ways called "RAID levels", depending on what level of redundancy and performance (via parallel communication) is required. Marketers representing industry RAID manufacturers later attempted to reinvent the term to describe a redundant array of independent disks as a means of dissociating a low-cost expectation from RAID technology. RAID is now used as an umbrella term for computer data storage schemes that can divide and replicate data among multiple physical drives. The physical drives are said to be in a RAID array, which is accessed by the operating system as one single drive. The different schemes or architectures are named by the word RAID followed by a number (e.g., RAID 0, RAID 1). Each scheme provides a different balance between two key goals: increase data reliability and increase input/output performance. 2. When would we use RAID? RAID is extremely useful if reliability and data redundancy are important to you. Even if you take backups, you will need to take the time to restore those backups and those backups could be hours or days old, resulting in data loss. RAID allows you to survive a drive loss without data loss and in many cases without any downtime. RAID is also useful if you are having disk IO issues, where applications are waiting on the disk to perform tasks. Going with...
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...Easy Transfer supports two types of migrations, called side by side and wipe and load. 2. When a serious problem occurs with Windows 7, you might be able to repair it by starting the Windows PE operating system and running diagnostic tools. In this scenario, Windows PE is called Windows RE (Recovery Environment) 3. To migrate user profile information from one computer to another, you can use either Windows Easy Transfer or User State Migration Tool. 4. A computer using Windows PE will reboot automatically after 72 hours. 5. Windows Easy Transfer supports migration using any removable storage medium common to the two computers except for floppy disks (insufficient capacity) 6. The Windows 7 component that enables the computer to support more than one language is called the Multi-Language User Interface. 7. The reason it is possible to remove the Windows 7 installation disk to supply the Setup program with drivers is that Windows PE runs on a RAM disk. 8. To upgrade Windows XP to Windows 7, you must perform a clean install. 9. The files and settings that WET can migrate to a Windows 7 computer a primarily stored in the User Profile Folder. 10. As a preinstallation environment, Windows PE is a vast improvement over MS-DOS because it includes support for networking and NTFS. UNIT 2 ASSIGNMENT 1- DISK REDUNDANCY SEARCH 1. RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. 2. RAID is used to improve performance and reliability by providing multiple drives for...
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...NT1230 cLIENT-sERVER NETWORKING 1 | UNIT 2 ASSIGNMENT 1 | DISK REDUNDANCY RESEARCH | | Joseph Balcazar (13383477) | 6/27/2015 | Using the internet and the ITT-Tech Library, research the following questions and provide your thoughts on each one . Submit your answers in a Word Document and cite any resources in A.P.A format | 1.What does R.A.I.D stand for? R.A.I.D stands for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks 2.When would we use RAID? We would use RAID in file server and data storage where access speed with a minimal lost of data and reliability is crucial for example a web store 3.Define the following types of RAID: a. RAID0 Disk Striping offering no redundancy and is written across multiple drives increasing drive performance b. RAID1 duplicates entire contents of drive1 on a second drive so if the primary drive fails there’s a backup of the primary on a secondary disk minimizing downtime of drive c. RAID5 Spreads data across multiple drives evenly giving server or website higher drive data reliability and higher drive storage capacity d.RAID6 RAID 6, also known as double-parity RAID, uses two parity stripes on each disk. It allows for two disk failures within the RAID set before any data is lost. 4.Why is RAID0 of any use if it doesn’t offer any redundancy ? RAID0 is usedwhere drive performance is more important that security of data for example a gaming computer. 5 Why do u think RAID1 can be the most expensive? Why would people utilize it if so costly? RAID1...
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...7-22-13 NT1110 Unit 6 Analysis 2: Memory Cost 1. Your OS will use the hard drive as a "swap file" or virtual memory, if your PC runs out of RAM while you are working away. Using your hard drive as memory causes a serious performance hit, as hard drives are slower than RAM. You must have enough memory, adding more does not help if you are not doing anything that needs more memory. Today, a modern PC and a modern OS need about 4 gigs to achieve this for most standard users. You want enough RAM so the OS doesn't start using the hard drive as memory. 2. The user with the three 200 GB hard disks has the advantage, because he can utilize all three disks simultaneously, while the other one can only use that single disk. The user with the three disks will probably be able to do more, faster. 3. A typical home computer user would require RAID technology if they use their computer as a home office and have data that is invaluable or irreplaceable. The option is becoming more popular because of the speed increase, and or data reliability you achieve when you set RAID up. A typical business user would use RAID to provide data redundancy, fault tolerance, increased capacity, and increased performance. Data redundancy protects the data from hard drive failures. This benefit is good for companies or individuals that have critical or important data to protect, or just anyone that's paranoid about losing data. Fault tolerance goes hand in hand with redundancy in providing a better...
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