...Big Marketing Strategic Long term Widely influencing Every one involved in market orientation -intelligence generation - intelligence dissamination - intelligence response Business idea – questionnaire- survey –data- information- intelligence Should be shared all at the department Little marketing Tactical Short term Narrow scope Marketing research Marketing research is "the function that links the consumers, customers, and public to the marketer through information — information used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions; monitor marketing performance; and improve understanding of marketing as a process. Marketing research specifies the information required to address these issues, designs the method for collecting information, manages and implements the data collection process, analyzes the results, and communicates the findings and their implications."[1] Marketing research is the systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of data about issues relating to marketing products and services. The goal of marketing research is to identify and assess how changing elements of the marketing mix impacts customer behavior. The term is commonly interchanged with market research; however, expert practitioners may wish to draw a distinction, in that market research is concerned specifically with markets, while marketing...
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...Waqas Tahir INSIDE OUT Publishing Information If you purchase this book without a cover, you should be aware that this book is stolen property. It was reported as “unsold and destroyed” to the publisher, and neither the author nor the publisher has received any payment for this “stripped book”. | INSIDE OUT is an original publication of Golden Eyes Books. This work has never before appeared in book form. This work has been done by Waqas Tahir based on his own experiences. GOLDEN EYES BOOKS A division of The Hearst Corporation 1350 Defense Avenue of Lahore Lahore 10019 Copyright © 2012 by Khan Features Syndicate, Inc. /Niazi Pictures Corporation Published by arrangement with Khan Features Syndicate, Inc. /Niazi Pictures Corporation Library of Jinnah Catalog Card Number: 96-96130 ISBN: 0-6583-3254-X All rights reserved, which includes the right to produce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever except as provided by the Pakistan Copyright Law. For information address Golden Eyes Books. First Golden Eyes Books Printing: April 2012. Great people talk about IDEAS Average people talk about THINGS Small people talk about OTHERS Dedication I dedicate my work to my parents, Misbah and Tahir, who are a great source of inspiration for me. Contents * Acknowledgement * Preface * Short Stories * Strength of mind * Hopelessness of Turab * Essay * Reality of life * My school days * Travelogue ...
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...Tova Mirvis Reading Visible City in class allowed me to soak in every word of Tova Mirvis’ discussion. As an author Mirvis speaks with elegance and grace. It is as though the words roll right off her tongue in a fashion that resembles poetry. I speak so highly of her because of the way she drew me in as a reader of her novel, and a spectator in her discussion. After reading Visible City, I found myself looking upward quite often. We walk around the place we know and love and we’ve become numb to the beauty all around us. There is a beautiful city littered with magnificent works of art and history that we do not even realize we succumb to on a day to day basis. In the city that never sleeps, I resonated with her when she spoke about privacy. In the suburbs it is hard to lose yourself in a world where everyone knows each other. You see the same people every day and you see the same things every day. As Nina said, “she didn’t want to live in a place where the streets were empty, the adults walled inside their homes, the kids fenced inside backyards.” There is a sense of the looking glass. Looking into everyone’s lives and peering into their worlds in which we do not normally get a chance to see. As Mirvis said, in the suburbs you need curtains to shield those around you from an invasion of privacy; however in the city we happily invade each other’s privacies because we are all strangers. I find the beauty in resolute ideologies Mirvis refuses to let go of. Mirvis speaks of...
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...The urban sprawl: History, governing characteristics and solutions of the suburban sprawl Student’s Name Name of University The suburban sprawl: History, governing characteristics and solutions of the suburban sprawl History of the suburbs A suburb is an area on the periphery of a city or a town with a large number of people living on it, usually consisting of single family houses. These settlements have grown to the point of being self sufficient; they have their own malls, hospitals, banks and other amenities that traditionally only found in the city. Suburbs emerged in the 1800’s because of the sharp rise of the urban population and the improvement of the transport infrastructure at the time. It was during this time in history that the sprawl occurred. Cities exploded outward. Contractors started building streets and streets of brick walled houses. An example of this is the construction of suburbs in London where for a long time. One of the earliest examples of suburbs in the United States is the brilliant Llewellyn Park in New Jersey finished in 1853. The rise in suburb settlements intensified in the post World War II period because of the need to house the war veterans and the good economic conditions at the time. Higher population densities per square mile started being witnessed with the east side of Manhattan peaking at 400,000 people per square mile. The governing characteristics arising from the urban sprawl The is a sprawl affects the efficiency with which...
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...numerous towns and cities developed, mainly because of socio-economic, geo-political and cultural reasons. Most of them were walled cities like Delhi, Sirhind, Lahore etc. which were centres of regional powers and trade. The arrival of the East India Company led to the development of many cities and towns. The urbanization during this period is vastly different as the British developed towns according to their functions and were different from the earlier Indian cities. The major types of towns developed by the British can be classified into the following categories: 1. Cantonments at strategic places within India to contain disaffection by the rulers of states and principalities. Some of the major cantonments are Ambala, Ahmedabad, Agra, Jhansi, Meerut, Roorkce, Mhow etc. 2. Hill Stations in Himalayas and Western Ghats mostly as sanatoria where Europeans could brave out the harsh Indian summers. Shimla was developed as the summer capital of India. Other hill stations developed by the British are Mussoorie, Nainital, Kasauli, Darjeeling, Almora, Kodaicanal, Ooty etc. 3. Ports or Trading Centres to export Indian raw material and import English finished goods for redistribution in the Indian market. Kolkata, Mumbai, Vishakhapatnam, Chennai, Amritsar, Kanpur, Lucknow etc. 4. Industrial cities like Jamshedpur, Bhadravati, Asansol and Dhanbad near the sources of minerals to convert them into raw form from the ores, especially metals. 5. Modification of the older cities by addition of...
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...Megacities or Suburbs? Urbanization and growth rely on each other like cause and effect. However; when one asks does urbanization trigger economic growth and development, or is economic growth and development the result of urbanization is like asking which came first the chicken or the egg? Urbanization and growth rely on each other, however; does there come a point in which the diseconomies start to outweigh the benefits of agglomeration? Annez and Buckley state in Urbanization and Growth: Setting the Context that “Urbanization is necessary to sustain growth in developing countries.” Annez and Buckley point out that urbanization affects the growth process through the enhanced flow of ideas and knowledge attributable to agglomeration in cities. They drew in evidence from Landes (1969 cited in Willamson 1987, p. 6) whom believes “Urbanization is an essential ingredient in modernization”. (Anez & Buckley p. 1 & 2) Industrialization is triggered by urbanization which leads to modernization. Modernization leads to economic development which allows people to use current technology. Part of the modernization process is education and creation of a centralized bureaucracy. These creations enable their people to advance and compete in the modern world. All these concepts are related and rely on each other. Annez and Buckley show in several graphs as countries become urbanized their GDP rises. In almost every graph as urbanization increases so does wealth. In 109 countries...
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...Import and export markets related to local resources and consumption trends * Resources in India Population and workforce. India’s biggest asset is huge size of its young and working population class. Forecasts highlight that the working age group is expected to raise. India will have the largest working age population in the world (positively impact the growth) Natural resources: India has both biotic and abiotic resources and its economy strongly depend on them. * Large cultivable surface (57% of the total land area) * Water: large water surface. Fisheries sector employ 6 million people. * Production of minerals: 89 minerals produced. Coal, Iron ore, Manganese ore. * Oil: indian oil meet 25% of the country’s demand. India’s total merchandise trade has increased to 794 in 2012 according to the Export-Import Bank of India. Exports: Indian exportations are moving towards southern countries (Asia and Africa regions). Asia represent almost 40% of the exports whereas Europe has seen a decline in its share (19% in 2012). Nevertheless, UK is the eight biggest export market for the country. In 2012, petroleum products generated 56bn dollars and gems and jewerlly 47. In addition to that, India also export pharma products, transport equipment, machinery and readymade garments. Concerning imports: in 2012 India spent 155bn of dollars for crude petroleum, which represent the biggest importation for the country. India also imports gold and silver,...
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...Big city is where you can see many vehicles,many skyscrapers, many peple with a hurry pace of life. That place can fascinate us very much due to its light and luxury.Nowadays, more and more pople want to live there because they see many advantages. Indeed, in a big city, people can have the best chances to work as well as can enjoy the best service and entertaiment. In a big city, people can take the chaces to study and work best. There are many good University for u to choose in a big city. There you can express your ability to study what you like. Moreover, when you graduate, you also find it easier to find chances to get a good job with good salary, that is quite difficult in small cities or countrysides; because there concentrates many big companies and groups. Hence, many graduate students choose big cities to live and work. In short, it is where you can take advantages f yourself. In addition, in a big city you can enjoy the best service and entertainment. Because there are many rich people here, they can invest much money to get the best for them. Lives in a big city are quite luxurius but you don't have to be worried when you are sick or suffer a disease because there you can find good doctors for you, as long as you have muich money. What's more, in a big city you can enjoy new entertainment such as new games or luxury games. Many people can argue that living in a big city makes them tired with noise and dash. They like the slow pace of life in a countryside....
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...Marketing Channel Strategies in Rural Emerging Markets Unlocking Business Potential By Benjamin Neuwirth Benjamin Neuwirth, Kellogg School of Management, bneuwirth2012@kellogg.northwestern.edu 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In his landmark book “The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid,” C.K. Prahalad describes the profits that can be earned by selling products to “Bottom of the Pyramid” customers. While there is truth to this, companies face unique challenges when operating in the rural regions of emerging markets where many of these customers live. For example, the consumer population is dispersed over a wide geographic area, transportation infrastructure is often poorly developed, and many consumers have sporadic and extremely low incomes. This paper examines these challenges from a marketing channel perspective. The fundamental question is: How can companies entering into rural emerging markets design a marketing channel strategy that meets the needs of customers and allows for the long-term profitable success of the business? I begin answering this question by examining common challenges that companies operating in this environment face. Each challenge is accompanied by examples of companies that have solved the problem in a unique way. Then, I develop a generalized framework for designing marketing channels in rural emerging markets. Finally, I apply the framework to d.light Design, a company that manufactures and sells solar lanterns in India and Africa and that I worked...
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...Politics in rural area of Pakistan It is commonly observed that when state fails to furnish its inhabitants with basic human rights and needs of living, frustration level among the people springs up badly. People show reluctance in obeying the laws and some kind of anarchy is prevailed all around the country. As a result of which law and order situation is critically maladjusted. The word CHANGE catches more attention in this case. The only path leading us to alter the overall demeanor of nation is through politics. “Politics is the art of influencing people on a civic or individual level, when there are more than two people involved. It is thought of as the way we "choose government officials and make decisions about public policy".” In politics there are two major elements, politicians and voters. Politicians are the persons who stand for the right of people, contest in elections and represent the common people in the legislature. Voters are everyone else than politicians .They pick out their favorite candidate by using basic right of casting their vote in elections. These elected personalities form government and run the overall infra structure of the state. In this entire procedure of elections, the major role is played by voters and their choice of candidate. Here we will discuss the factors that decide the selection of a voter especially in remote and rural areas of Pakistan. In our country population in rural areas is much more than population in urban areas. So their...
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...THE PROCESS AND PATTERN OF URBANIZATION AND LABOUR MIGRATION IN NIGERIA By Anyaele Samuel O. Mabogunje (1968), defined urbanization as the process whereby human beings congregates in relatively large number at one particular spot of the earth surface. The particular spot is refered to urban centers. Urbanization simply put, is a demographical phenomenon charaterized with the movement of people from the rural settings to permanently dwell in the city (urban areas). Labour migration on the other hand, is the process through which an individual move from an administrative territorial community to another community in order to gain an employment. There are two types of labour migration namely; the contemporary labour migration which is also refered to as oversea or contract workers. Here, an individual migrates for a little period in order to send money back home. And the highly skilled and business migrants; here, people with qualifications like executives, technicians, professionals and its similar prowless move within the international or national labour market to gain employment. Urbanization process are those factors that facilitates a place to turn into urban center. These factors includes; migration (PUSH – PULL FACTORS), natural increase, government policies, exchange of trade etc. MIGRATION- migration is a rational movement that invovles a change in place of residence across a defined geo-political boundary. Migration is age, sex, destination and reason selective. Factors...
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...Life in a city has a number of advantages. People are drifting from villages to cities as city life offers many facilities. In summer, we have electricity and water coolers at our disposal. We have ice and cold drinks in a large variety. In winter we have electric heaters to make us warm. There are schools and colleges of all types-arts, science, technical-where we can send our children and get them educated. There are theatres and cinemas for our recreation. There are gardens and parks for roaming in our leisure hours. There are doctors, nurses and hospitals. In case of need, we can contact medical practitioners on the phone. All medicines are easily available. There are offices, business houses, mills and factories. One can easily find a job. There is enough work for the skilled and unskilled labourers. There are rickshaws, tongas, taxis and buses. We can easily move from one part of the city to another. We get fresh fruit and vegetables all round the year. There are cloth markets and tailors. We can have readymade clothes or get them prepared to order in no time. There are lectures and debates. There are libraries and reading rooms. Newspaper boys hawk newspapers from morning till evening. We get the latest news. The radio broadcasts music, news and latest information on all topics at all hours of the day. City life has some drawbacks. There are many evils and temptations which are demoralizing our young men. City life has effiminated us. People are selfish and...
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...Bakarkhani roti maker community Contents no. | subject | page no. | 1. | Topic name & Area map | | 2. | Abstract | | 3. | Introduction | | 4. | Background Information | | 5.. | Questionnaire | | 6. | Findings | | 7. | Conclusion | | 8. | Images | | 9. | Participatory social map of the area | | 10. | Works cited | | Abstract Community means “a social group of any size whose members resides in a specific locality, share government, and often have a common cultural and historical heritage”. And our chosen community is “bakarkhani maker” community. We studied at Nimtoli and nazim uddin road Ward no 69 which is situated in Old part of the mega city Dhaka. Our main topic of the research paper is an urban community (bakarkhani maker) and their profession, value system where local level participation is very important for development and decision making. The area is unexplored and very few research done in this topic which is rear and we hope this will make this paper interesting and different for everyone. There are hardly got few researches on this area and we are experiencing and doing the research as our first research paper on this community which makes our research paper more interesting and potential. In our research we did survey and case study. We took primary data by taking three “bakarkhani maker’s” interview and took secondary data from internet and article. Introduction When we think of a community we think always about the rural communities...
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...Mountainous, hilly landscape • Made great philosophical contributions • No ruler over individual city states • Realistic sculptures and paintings • Women couldn’t be citizens • Prided themselves on philosophy and science • Democratic Both • Civilizations began with city states • Helped shape the Middle East • Made contributions to Middle East • Worked in mines • Agriculture main economic base • Similar social classes • Great builders • Worked slaves • Used currency Romans • Influenced other empires • Set laws and had ruler • Started militaries to back ruler • Flat landscape surrounded by mountains • Women could be citizens • Center point Rome • Known for military and engineering • Semi democratic The Greeks and Romans have lots of similarities. Both helped shape the Middle East, made great contributions to shape today’s world, had similar social classes, used currency, are known for their architecture, and both flourished with the beginning of city states. Some ways they differed though. The Greek landscape was mountainous and hilly, somewhat rough terrain while Roman cities sat in the valleys between the mountains giving them a little extra protection. The Romans unintentionally appointed a king or ruler that then set laws and was backed by a military where the Greeks governed each individual city state and sometimes war arose between the Greek city states. Greeks prided themselves on philosophy and science and Romans were best known for...
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...IMAGE OF THE CITY KEVIN LYNCH Lynch influenced the field of city planning through his work on the theory of city form, and studies relating to human perceptions of the city y y , g p p y on the perception of the city environment and its consequences for city design. Lynch says "Looking at cities can give a special pleasure, however y y g g p p , commonplace the sight may be. Like a piece of architecture, the city is a construction in space, but of a vast scale, . . . perceived only in the course of long spans of time . . . At every instant, there is more than the eye can see, more than the ear can hear, a setting or view waiting to be explored. , , g g p Nothing is experienced by itself, but always in relation to its surroundings, the sequences of events leading up to it, the memory of past experiences . . . Every citizen has had long associations with some part of his city, and his image is soaked in memories and meanings . . . “ g g Theory of Kevin L h K i Lynch IMAGE OF THE CITY KEVIN LYNCH Image of the city 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The Image of the Environment Three cities The city Image and Its elements City Form A new Scale Book contents Appendices 1. 1 Some references to orientation 2. The Use of the methodology 3. Two examples of analysis IMAGE OF THE CITY KEVIN LYNCH Methodology of working: Make visual plan Analyze the existing form and public image of the area. Understand the critical problems, opportunities and image elements and use them...
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