Free Essay

What Is Amd

In:

Submitted By REfftien
Words 1036
Pages 5
What is AMD’s
Heterogeneous
System
Architecture?

By

Ralph Efftien
Polytechnia Institute CGS-1280C Computer Hardware

Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) evolved from the SetiAtHome screensaver program created by Dr. David Anderson at University of California – Berkeley. BOINC over the major revisions has gone from running scientific applications during a CPUs idle time to also running the apps on the GPU (BOINC, 2013). They first started with NVIDIA’s CUDA routines and added ATI’s CAL routines to enable projects applications to perform scientific calculations on their various GPUs. With the acquisition of ATI by AMD, AMD has since dropped support for the CAL routines and has gone with supporting OpenCL for running general applications of the graphics coprocessor. The following list are some of the projects that use the GPU: 1. http://einstein.phys.uwm.edu/ 2. http://boinc.thesonntags.com/collatz/ 3. http://milkyway.cs.rpi.edu/milkyway/ 4. http://boinc.fzk.de/poem/ 5. http://www.primegrid.com/ 6. http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/ 7. http://setiweb.ssl.berkeley.edu/beta/ 8. http://moowrap.net/
These projects are the first that use the GPU to perform calculations on work units. They all started with applications that BOINC ran CPUs and the programmers at the various projects then adapted to run on the GPU. BOINC being a multi-threaded program is able to run one project on each core of a systems CPU and anywhere from one to four instances of an application on the GPU depending upon the GPU’s compute capabilities and the project’s implantation of the application. The Milkyway project is an interesting one, in that it requires the GPU to have double precision math capabilities and thus only runs on a limited number of graphics cards. The CPU have been designed to run general programming tasks that are serial in nature or tasks that may run in parallel. Whereas the GPU has now evolved to being very efficient at running tasks where the data can be processed in parallel (What is Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA)? | AMD, 2013). Thus AMD is introducing the Heterogeneous System Architecture with their APU series of CPUs.

HSA provides a unified view of fundamental computing elements allowing programmers to write applications that will seamlessly integrate the CPU to now be called the latency compute units (LCU) with the GPU now called throughput compute units (TCU), combining the best attributes of both devices (George Kyriazis, AMD, 2012). Some of the main features of HSA are 1. Shared page table support – This simplifies the OS and user software by using a single set of page table entries. 2. User-level command queuing – By enabling a dispatch queue per application and allowing a user mode process to dispatch into the queues, time is no longer wasted by the TCU having to wait for the OS kernel services. 3. Page faulting – Early TCU hardware could only access pinned memory and thus had to have the OS and driver manage separate virtual address spaces. HSA allows computer units to page fault and use the same large address space as the CPU. 4. Coherent memory regions – Previous GPUs used a separate address space and the graphics driver had to flush caches at required intervals for the CPU and GPU to share results. HSA with unified addressing provides programmers with the fully coherent memory regions that they enjoy on symmetric multiprocessing systems. 5. Hardware scheduling – TCU engine hardware can switch between application dispatch queues without requiring OS intervention.
A simple HSA platform as shown in the picture contains a multicore CPU, a GPU with multiple HSA compute units and the HSA memory management unit (HMMU).
The HSA platform supports high level programming languages and models such as OpenCL, Java, Python, C++, C#, and C++AMP. Current program binaries that run on LCUs contain the CPU instruction set architecture for the legacy CPU and GPUs. HSA will add the intermediate language (HSAIL) for the TCU. A finalizer converts the HSAIL to the TCU ISA. HSA does this transparently via hardware (What is Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA)? | AMD, 2013). The final piece of the HSA is the unified memory model (HMMU) that will be implemented by AMD on the next APU. The HMMU device driver provides the following memory management functions: * Initialization of HMMU hardware and OS memory manager interfaces. * Processing of page validation requests from OS memory manager for HSA-related pages. * Handling TCU HSA-specific page faults. * Providing support interface for HSA kernel-mode driver.
The HMMU combines CPU and GPU memory into a single virtual address space achieving Shared Virtual Memory. With the coherent memory regions shared by the LCU and TCU programming is simplified by eliminating the need for explicit caches primitives and data movement (George Kyriazis, AMD, 2012). The only change to current operating systems will be slight changes to the memory manager by: * Propagating HSA-related page table updates to HMMU for synchronization. * Servicing TCU page faults from the HMMU device driver. * Performing page invalidations and associated TLB operations across memory domains. * Propagating process termination for resource cleanup.
AMD’s latest APU, the Richland is based upon the Trinity APU and is the last before full implementation of HSA with the Kaveri.

The internal interface between the LCU and TCU has been widen to 256-bits in each direction allowing for faster data exchange between GPU and CPU (Pollice, 2013).
With the completion of the HSA architecture with Kaveri, implementing new projects under BOINC which can use the serial and task parallel workloads of a LCU and using the data parallel workloads of the TCU will be much easier. University and business researchers will be able to discover new and useful things.

References
BOINC. (2013). Retrieved from boinc.berkeley.edu: http://boinc.berkeley.edu/
George Kyriazis, AMD. (2012, August 30). Heterogeneous System Architure: A Technical Review.
Pollice, M. (2013, March 3). Analysis: AMD Kaveri APU and Steamroller Core Architiectural Enchancements Unvieled. Retrieved from Bright Side of News: http://www.brightsideofnews.com/news/2013/3/6/analysis-amd-kaveri-apu-and-steamroller-core-architectural-enhancements-unveiled.aspx
What is Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA)? | AMD. (2013). Retrieved from developer.amd.com: http://developer.amd.com/resources/heterogeneous-computing/what-is-heterogeneous-system-architecture-hsa/

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Amd Notbooks

...1. What would it take for AMD to see a significant increase in its market share for processors used in corporate desktops and notebooks? How can success of the Opteron in the server segment be leveraged to other segments? It would take a lot for AMD to catch up with Intel as the gap in terms of market share between the two companies is huge. Except in very specialized niche markets, Intel has kept a significant leadership in every segments, including the server microprocessor market where AMD best performed. Between Q12000-Q2006 , the domination of Intel over the market was undeniable with an average of 80% market share against less than 20% average share of AMD.(Exhibit 2c) Moreover as mentioned “Intel’s dominant market position could limit AMD’s ability to make inroads to key market segments beyond servers, such as corporate desktops and notebooks.” The product differentiation is one solution. By improving the quality and the number of features of its desktops and notebooks microprocessors, AMD can get a competitive advantage over Intel’s product. Though, since Intel’s R&D funds are much higher one good way to overtake Intel would be to perpetuate the “virtual Gorilla” Strategy. Technology partnership would indeed accelerate the improvement of AMD products and would create synergies with partners that, in the case of AMD, often are potential customers . Then the “customer centric approach” set by AMD to improve and develop its products in a way that serves the best end...

Words: 1718 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Amd Marketing

...AMD : A Customer-Centric Approach to Innovation ISEG – ISM MBA Program September 30, 2010 Professional Management Skills Assessment Word Count: 2600 This case analyzes the strategy of AMD, a microprocessor manufacturer which is a direct competitor of another microprocessor company, Intel. Between the two companies the competition has never been really balanced because of Intel’s much more Important Size and budget. AMD has found itself in a bad shape several times but has always success in overcoming difficulties resulting from its far smaller market shares and – over the years – has built a strategy to survive and strengthen its position against its giant competitor Intel. What would it take for AMD to see significant increase in its market share in processors used in corporate desktops and notebooks? How can the success of Opteron in the server segment be leveraged to other segments? It would take a lot for AMD to catch up with Intel as the gap in terms of market share between the two companies is huge. Except in very specialized niche markets, Intel has kept a significant leadership in every segments, including the server microprocessor market where AMD best performed. Still in the second quarter of 2010, the domination of Intel over the market was undeniable with 86.1% market share against 13.7% for AMD on the pc processor segment, 72.2% against 27.5% on the desktop microprocessor market and a 93.5% market share against 6.5% on the x 86 server microprocessor segment...

Words: 2659 - Pages: 11

Free Essay

Amd Strategy a Case Study

...Mathias Crouzet ISM MBA PROGRAM ISEG PARIS Professional Management Skills Assessment AMD – A marketing Case study November 2011 What would it take for AMD to see a significant increase in its market share in processors used in corporate desktops and notebooks? How can the success of Opteron in the server segment be leveraged to other segments? To increase her sales volume and be able to have a significant market share and be able to really compete with Intek on the desktops and notebooks processors market, AMD has to improve a lot her products. First of all , it’s a question of customer perception : for many people , AMD’s CPU (Central Processing Unit) are not powerful and are used only on low cost computers (and for many years this information was true). In this case, the main challenge is to change this perception, because in fact if their products are actually quite good and are in fact almost as advanced as Intel’s ones. In order to extend their market share they have to keep focusing their products design on the final client needs. What are they ? When you are using your computer at work or for your personal use, there are 3 different parameters that you are looking at: -The first one is obviously the cost of the CPU. Because you are not baying one computer but often hundreds or thousands of them, even a tinny difference can make the firm choosing your product. -Second parameters on which they are focusing are the power of the CPU. Working applications...

Words: 2021 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Amd Customer Concentric Approach Explanations

...SKILLS ASSESSMENT Due to the 4 November, 2010. CONTENTS LIST Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 1. What would it take amd to see a significant increase in its market share processors used in corporate desktops and notebooks? how can the success of opteron in the server segment be leveraged to other segments? 5 2.What do you make of amd’s “power campaign”? Is the value proposition it highlights compelling to end users? 6 3. How concerned should amd be about intel’s imminent new product plan? will they hamper amd’s growth plans? 7 4. WILL AMD’S CUSTOMER CENTRIC APPROACH BE A SOURCE OF ADVANTAGE OVER INTEL? 8 5. WILL IT YIELD COMMERCIALLY VIABLE INNOVATIONS THAT ARE DRAMATICALLY DIFFERENT THAN THOSE INTEL WILL DEVELOP? 10 Conclusion 11 LIST OF REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For years, AMD held the place of a distant follower of the large microprocessor market leader, Intel. Up to there, the competitor Intel hold a “push” strategy by creating consumer needs thanks to technological innovations. Those were linked with strong marketing campaign in order to facilitate a quicker adoption process of their new product line. However, in 2003, AMD change its traditional strategy to use a widely different one by switching into a blue ocean strategy. Indeed, AMD has changed course to become a “starter” firm. AMD has decided to launch at first its own brand server microprocessor range, called “Opteron” before one of Intel. At this moment...

Words: 3447 - Pages: 14

Free Essay

Advanced Micro Devices

...with 81% of the market (Buckman and Williams 2001, 1). However, in 2000 AMD’s sales jumped 63% to $4.6 billion, producing $983 million in net income and its first profitable year since 1995 (Streetwalker 2001, 1). AMD owns engineering, manufacturing, warehousing and administrative facilities where it produces not only PC chips but also microprocessors, memory circuits, logic circuits, flash memory devices, telecommunication products and embedded processors (Moody’s 2000, 2520). The company’s headquarters and research and development site are located in Sunnyvale, CA, while the wafer manufacturing plants are located in Austin, TX and Dresden, Germany. The test and assembly facilities are located in Bangkok, Thailand and Penang, Malaysia. The company has also established production at the Singapore’s test and assembly facility as well as an analysis and design plant in Suzhou, China. In addition, a new plant in Japan, a joint venture of AMD and Fujitsu, called AMD Fujitsu Semiconductor Ltd. or FASB, will begin operations in the first half of 2001 (Dum 2000, 2). AMD, like many technological multinational enterprises (MNE), prefers to locate its factories and assembly plants in technology clusters in stable and democratic countries. However, AMD knows that East Asia is one of the best places for setting up factories because of cheap wages, stable countries, proximity to suppliers and potentially large markets. In fact, six out of AMD’s nine facilities are located...

Words: 3025 - Pages: 13

Free Essay

The Performance to Cost Ratio

...to Cost Ratio: AMD vs. Intel United in the race to revolutionize the way computers drive our era, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), and Integrated Electronics (Intel) stand as beacons in the ever changing mist of intuition and unmeasured evolution. No matter whether you choose AMD or Intel the question at hand never changes, “What quality for what price?” Quality and expense derive the fundamental balance of performance at a reasonable price. The performance to cost ratio, even though consciously imperceptible, maintains the scales of reasonability in the grand compendium of computer structure. History has shown us that moving forward is the only way to succeed. With the founding of AMD in 1969 and Intel in 1968, these two corporations have gained strength and have shown immense prowess in the computer industry. Both companies, in their own way, have given society the best in our radically changing era. With Intel providing their products with end-user ease in mind, and AMD opening new doors to end-user personalization, both of these companies give a wide range of specialized products. With a price range as vast as the products each produce, there is a plethora of potential component combinations to match all socioeconomic classes. Keeping in mind the components each of these companies produce, to say one is better than the other is an opinion I do not wish to convey, rather I would give each of these giants the dues they deserve. Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) – Brings a new...

Words: 1252 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Afm Procceros

...For several years now the competition for the fastest processor has been going on between several companies including Motorola, Intel and AMD. AMD has made a gigantic leap to design the 0.13 Micron 64 Bit processor with a front side bus which is the large main highway between the processor and the ram. That data transfers between at 1.5 GHz and the processor main frequency 2000 MHz compared to Intel's 3200 MHz. This may not sound like a lot, but the megahertz is only a measure of how fast a processor oscillates, The AMD Opteron chip uses hyper transport technology, it is a high speed, low latency point to point link to increase the communication on the board where everything happens, so networking, telecommunications, and gaming goes 48 times faster. Intel has something called Hyperthreading which is practically the same thing. Even though AMD had difficulty with their first 64-bit chips all the problems aren't given solutions yet. Benchmarks released prior to the release of the processor proved that AMD 64 processors are much faster, because of the L2 cache they have, this allows it to communicate with the RAM much faster and more memory means the processor will process in a faster rate. The L2 cache contains both instruction and data stream information. It is organized as 16 way direction. The L2 cache data and tag store is protected with ECC. When a given cache line in the L2 Cache contains instruction stream information; the ECC bits associated with the given line...

Words: 1329 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Nt1110 Lab 4

...300 c. What is purpose ii. Connects motherboard to the CPU 3. Intel H55 chipset d. Processors iii. Intel Core i7-800, Core i5, Core i3 e. Purpose iv. Provides the interface for the PCIe lanes on the motherboard 4. Interesting information on Gigabyte GA-H55M-UD2H motherboard f. •Unique On/Off Charge delivers the best recharging capability to iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch g. •3x USB power delivery for greater compatibility and extra power for USB devices h. •Leading quality standard of Ultra Durable™ 3 classic technology with 2oz copper PCB design i. •Innovative Smart 6 technology for smarter PC management j. •Supports Intel Core™ i7/ Core™ i5/ Core™ i3 LGA1156 processors k. •Dynamic Energy Saver™ 2 technology enables best energy efficiency l. •2 PCI-E 2.0 x16 graphics interface(x16+x4) with ATI CrossFireX support for ultimate graphics performance (all information for task #1 procedure #4 is from Gigabyte.com website) Task 2: 1. Examine motherboard 2. AMD 770 Northbridge Chipset a. What processors used i. Phenom b. What is purpose ii. Gaming 3. AMD SB710 Southbridge Chipset c. Processors used iii. AMD Athlon Single and Dual Core, d. Purpose iv. Optimize power saving and video decoder 4. Socket AM3 Connector e. Processors v. AMD Athlon II , AMD 785E, AMD Phenom II Task...

Words: 736 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Lab 4 Motherboards

...Task 1. A) What processors is it used with? LGA 1156 connectors (otherwise known as Land Grid Array) made to date are interoperable, making it possible to switch between a Celeron, Pentium, Core i3 or Core i5 with integrated graphics and a Core i5 or Core i7 as well as Xeon 3000 series microprocessors without graphics. B) What is its purpose on the motherboard? The purpose of the LGA 1156 connectors on the motherboard is to support the Intel Turbo boost technology and cache. C) What processors is it used with? The Intel H55 chip is used with the graphics core inside the Clarksdale processor known as the GMA HD. It differs by the number of Unified shaders in the G45 GMA X4500HD which was increased from 10 to 12. D) What is its purpose on the motherboard? Its purpose on the motherboard is to enable direct connection between the CPU and the graphics core. This allows the display information to be sent back to the H55 chipset for output. E) Gigabyte GA-H55M-UD2H motherboard. What interesting information can you find? The interesting information I found is that it supports the Intel Lynnfield Core i5, Core i3 and Core i7 LGA 1156 CPUs. Task 2: AMD 770 Northbridge Chipset. 1A). what processors is it used with? AMD 770 Northbridge Chipset is an ATX form-factor board designed to support the latest AM3 Phenom II, Athlon II and Sempron 100 Series processors. 1B). what is its purpose on the motherboard? The purpose of the AMD 770 Northbridge Chipset on the...

Words: 851 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Nt1110Lab5Motherboard

...CPU socket. LGA stands for land grid array. Its incompatible successor is LGA 1155. The 1156 is the number of pins in the socket, its designed to take the 1156 pin processor. What processors is it used with? Intel Celeron, Pentium, Core i3, i5, i7, and Xeon What is its purpose on the motherboard? LGA 1156 socket allows the following connections to be made from the processor to the rest of the system. * PCI-Express 2.0 ×16 for communication with a graphics card * DMI for communication with the Platform Controller Hub (PCH). This consists of a PCI-Express 2.0 ×4 connection * FDI for communication with the PCH, this consists of two display connections * Two memory channels for communication with DDR3 SDRAM Basically the LGA 1156 socket connects the processor with the motherboard. Intel H55 chipset The Chipset shows what the motherboard can possible do or not. Every computer have a Northbridge chipset. It’s main purpose is to make the link between the processor and the rest of the computer (graphic card, USB ports, hard drive, etc.) but the utility of a Northbridge vary from chipset to chipset, some will act also as a graphic card and on others chipsets, they may also manage the memory. What processors is it used with? It’s the old LGA 1156 socket processors i3/i5/i7 and Xeon What is its purpose on the motherboard? The Intel H55 Express Chipset continues to push innovation with a new architecture designed to deliver quality, performance, and industry-leading...

Words: 1476 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Once Upon a Time

...[pic] Resolution of the World Health Organization After meeting in Geneva in May 2003 for the Fifty-Sixth World Health Assembly, the WHO outlined its Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness, or VISION 2020 plan. The WHO urges national governments to: • Set up, not later than 2005, a national VISION 2020 plan, in partnership with the WHO and in collaboration with NGOs and the private sector. • Establish a national coordinating committee for VISION 2020 or a national blindness prevention committee, which may include consumer or patient groups, to develop and implement the plan. • Commence implementation of such plans by 2007 at the latest. • Include effective information systems with standardized indicators and periodic monitoring and evaluation, with the aim of showing a reduction in the magnitude of avoidable blindness by 2010. • Mobilize resources for eliminating avoidable blindness. In turn, the WHO agrees to: • Maintain and strengthen the WHO’s collaboration with governments and all partners of the initiative. • Ensure coordination of the implementation of the VISION 2020 plan, by setting up a monitoring committee grouping all those involved, including national government representatives. • Provide support for strengthening national capability, especially through development of human resources, to coordinate, assess, and prevent avoidable blindness...

Words: 12733 - Pages: 51

Free Essay

Amd Research Paper

...AMD Now AMD is currently ranked second, right behind Intel, in microprocessor chip sales. The stock market for AMD has also been performing well over the past year until recently there was a stock split, which in part was due to our development of the Athlon processor. I have read articles in the PC Magazine as well as other microprocessor expert’s blogs that all recognized the Athlon chip as the fastest and far more superior chip in the market today. In 2010, revenue increases are due to higher sales of seventh generation microprocessors and sale of flash memory devices; furthermore, higher margins, lower R&D expenses, and the absence of $32 million in restructuring charges, which is from 2008, reflect the increase in net income. AMD vs. Intel When we launched the k6 to compete with the Pentium II Processor, it was not a successful mission, except for price. It was however the most economic micro-processing chip on the market at that point in time. The problem with the chip was that it did not follow the Intel format and it needed different motherboards in order for it to run properly. AMD was hurt at this time but we made a comeback with the release of the new K6-2 processor. The K6-2 Processor was faster, better, and cheaper. The processor ran on a 100 MHz bus, while Intel’s chips still ran on only a 66 MHz bus, this made AMD’s chip much faster. AMD product was also cheaper than any Intel based Pentium II computer. At this point AMD was introduced into the gaming community...

Words: 840 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Advanced Micro Devices (Amd): Strategic Plan for Managing Technological Innovation

...Advanced Micro Devices (AMD): Strategic Plan for Managing Technological Innovation TM 583 – Section C Professor Edmead 8/21/10 Section 1 – Strategy TCO F – Given an organizational and industry context, identify and suggest a deployment strategy that will facilitate the success of a technologically-driven organization. Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), founded 1968, in Sunnyvale, California is a producer of Central Processing Units (CPUs), the main computing component in modern computers. AMD’s primary capability is the design and engineering of consumer, workstation, and server CPUs. Initially, AMD competed with Intel by reverse-engineering the original 8080 processors and then creating their own x386 variant, but a lack of funding stymied sustained, long-term innovation (Valich 2008). In many ways, this scenario is quite indicative of the role AMD has played throughout its history: the underdog. They leveraged their core competencies of microprocessor engineering by assimilating the designs and processes of competitors and then building upon that knowledge to create profitable (usually) products and services. However, AMD has experienced PR missteps (like the Phenom I TLB bug debacle on an already late-to-market product) from which they have struggled to recover. In order to re-gain the confidence of partners, suppliers, and consumers, AMD must prove, once again, that it’s not the size of the dog in the fight, but the size of the fight in the dog. 2 Looking toward...

Words: 2194 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Amd vs Intel

...AMD VS Intel In a June addition of Tech Radar there was some discussion on the topic of which processor is better and why. There was a lot of back and forth topic on these issues, so I will try to cover what I found to be relevant in this discussion. I could boar with technical numbers of calculating and over clocking schematic but here, we will look more at the consumer side of which may or may not be better. Firstly, I noticed one major difference between the two processors and that was price. If you look at price and performance between the two you will see that the gap in cost over sees the menial performance changes. For example an AMD processor may coast $50 and deliver only slightly lower performances, where as Intel will charge almost three times the amount for slightly higher performances. Now keep in mind that we are comparing apples to apples. Because if we take into account over clocking and other performance enhancing techniques it will affect the performance/price gap that we are seeing. Another hot button issues is the fact that AMD has been trailing behind Intel for many years especial in the desktop world of performance. While AMD has promised a lot, they have simply failed to deliver multiple times on their accusations of out preforming Intel. In fact, AMD has focused their efforts into the mobile market as seen with AMD’s new line of A series CPU’s (A4, A6, A8, and A10). So with that which is best? I think it all depends on what you are looking...

Words: 399 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Lga 1156 Connector

...1. LGA 1156 Connector: What processors is it used with? Intel Core i7, i3, i5 Xeon, Pentium, Celeron What is its purpose on the motherboard? Connect a processor to the motherboard. 2. Intel H55 Chipset What processors is it used with? 1st gen. Intel icore series CPUs integrated graphics capability What is its purpose on the motherboard? Intel chipset designed to provide the interface for the PCI express lanes on a motherboard. 3. Gigabyte GA-H55M-UD2H motherboard Unique On/Off Charge delivers the best recharging capability to iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch •3x USB power delivery for greater compatibility and extra power for USB devices •Leading quality standard of Ultra Durable™ 3 classic technology with 2oz copper PCB design •Innovative Smart 6 technology for smarter PC management •Supports Intel Core™ i7/ Core™ i5/ Core™ i3 LGA1156 processors •Dynamic Energy Saver™ 2 technology enables best energy efficiency •2 PCI-E 2.0 x16 graphics interface(x16+x4) with ATI CrossFireX support for ultimate graphics performance •AutoGreen technology Greening your PC via Bluetooth cellphone •Patented DualBIOS™ technology delivering highest level failure protection •Easy BIOS setting for GPU overclocking •Supports 6 devices without the need for drivers to be installed before being fully operational •Enhanced Intel HD Graphics integrated with the processor •Integrated HDMI/ DVI/ DisplayPort interface for smoother HD video playback •High-performance DAC with...

Words: 518 - Pages: 3