...desert as, “parts of the country vapid of fresh fruit, vegetables and other healthy whole foods, usually found in impoverished areas” ("USDA Defines Food Deserts", 2011). Food deserts are often found in rural, minority, and low-income areas because they lack large, retail food markets and have a higher number of convenience stores, where healthy foods are less available. Families and individuals living in a geographic area where residents experience barriers to accessing healthy foods, including, both physical and economic obstacles can face greater risk for adverse health outcomes ("Access to Healthy Food and Why it Matters", 2013). The burden of food...
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...about why northern states are less developed than southern states. Since overall economy of India has improved and the growth rate overall is good but if we compare the growth rate of southern states and some western states it is more than that of northern states (excluding Delhi and Punjab). This is the main reason why the overall growth rate of the country is not booming. In this study I have examined the state wise performance of more developed states and why they have developed more than other northern states. Majorly I have talked about following sectors which affect the growth of a region. They are:- * Population * Agricultural * Electricity and power supply * Illiteracy * Industrial development * Poverty * Income * Government impact The performance and growth totally depends upon the growth and development of all the states. If all the states individually will perform well then naturally India will do well. 1. Population :- It plays a major role in the development and growth of the region. Higher the population it will be difficult for the state to maintain the GDP rate and also unemployment become more. In totally the northern states as a whole has remained the highest populated area since independence. The population growth is 2.4 per cent which is higher than the southern region of India. Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh have the most of the population of India and hence are the least developed states...
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...There are various reasons why people migrate and migration has to do a lot with push and pull factors. Push factors are those which force a person to move. This can include drought, famine, lack of jobs, over population and civil war. Pull factors are those which encourage a person to move. These include a chance of a better job, better education and a better standard of living. In my article reviews I will reveal some of the reasons for migration. Since migration occurs all over the world I decided to go beyond the beautiful tranquil waters of The Bahamas into the regions of South Africa and China. I selected two out four articles which are related Africa and the other two on China these are all based on some form of migration. My first article is entitle Migration and Elderly Africans in the United States and this speaks distinctively on Immigration migration. The second article entitle The socio-economic impact of African immigration on urban development in South Africa: the case of Empangeni this speaks distinctively on African immigration in South Africa. My third article entitle Rural-urban migration and urbanization in Gansu Province, China: Evidence of time-series Analysis speaks distinctively on Rural Urban migration and urbanization. Lastly, the article entile Critical Evaluation of the New Rural-Urban Labour Mobility in China: Reasons and Effect of Rural-Urban Labour Migration on Urban and Rural Labour Market speak distinctively on rural urban labour migration. Two things...
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...key reasons why the figure for of Indian rural-urban migrants of India has increased steadily. Firstly, a job deficiency is so serious that rural Indians move to cities in search of better careers. In addition, that health care system is substandard is one of contributing factors of rural-urban migration in India. Finally, rural education system cannot meet many citizens’ demands, so they have to migrate to urban areas with a view to further education. It is recommended that the Indian government should support family planning and non-farm employment, liaise with philanthropic organizations and found their own charitable organization. Introduction According to International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (2014), approximately 2 million people migrate from rural to urban areas worldwide every year and the total number of rural-urban migrants has been around 22 million people since 2001. Also, it is the most fundamental issue that makes a significant change in one country’s demographic structure. Rural-urban migration is such a chronic issue because it leads to a series of effects where this effect results in another effect, which has put negative pressures on community development. What is more is that the proportion of rural-urban migrants in developing and poor countries has witnessed a more remarkable growth than that in developed countries. India is one of the countries which have the highest rate of rural-urban migration. The statistics of rural-urban migrants in...
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...ESMT–309–0096–1 ES0961 March 27, 2009 ESMT Case Study Celtel Nigeria: Towards serving the rural poor (A) Introduction In mid–2007 Celtel Nigeria was the second largest mobile telecommunications company in the Nigerian market with a 28 percent market share and subscriber base of approximately eight million. The company had experienced considerable success in serving Nigeria’s cities and larger towns, but had only recently shifted its attention to serving poorer consumers in rural areas—a massive but as of yet under tapped market. But this shift from urban to rural had not been easy, and although some 50 percent of Nigeria’s population lived in rural regions the challenges of reaching them sometimes seemed overwhelming. The absence of a reliable national electricity grid meant that the company’s rural telecommunications towers had to be run on diesel generators, resulting in high maintenance and diesel fuel costs. Theft and vandalism of expensive communications equipment and generators This case study was written by Jamie Anderson of TiasNimbas Business School and Martin Kupp of ESMT European School of Management and Technology. Sole responsibility for the content rests with the authors. It is intended to be used as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a management situation. Copyright 2009 by ESMT European School of Management and Technology, Berlin, Germany, www.esmt.org. All rights reserved. No part...
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...to assess the success of a healthcare delivery, it is vital that consumers assess their health care by analyzing the balance between cost, access, and quality” (Niles, 2011). For example, if I hospital needed some new medical equipment they would probably want the best quality they could get. The equipment would be of great quality but they would end up spending a lot of money to receive that quality. They could also try to save money by getting the equipment that is cheaper but the quality would not be as good as the more expensive option. There is not a way to have one factor without diminishing another one. Triple Aim is a framework used in healthcare that is similar to the “Iron Triangle”. “The IHI Triple Aim is a framework developed by the...
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...RURAL-URBAN CLASSIFICATION AND MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA Ram B. Bhagat International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India ABSTRACT Rural-urban classification constitutes an important framework for the collection and compilation of population data in many countries. While “urban” is often specifically defined, “rural” is treated simply as a residual category. The criteria defining urban also differ from country to country. This paper argues that these rural and urban statistical categories are also highly significant for local governance, increasingly so in recent years given the emphasis on local governance and its restructuring. In India, constitutional amendments have given constitutional status to local bodies in the federal structure of the country. Local bodies are thus now expected to draw up their own plans and initiate development works, which requires them to generate their own resources and lessen their dependence on central government funding. It is thus necessary to reorganise urban space into viable spatial units in terms of their revenue base. While rural-urban classification is the task of the Census of India, state governments are responsible for granting municipal status to urban centres. This paper examines the criteria and limitations of the rural-urban classification followed by the Census, its congruence with the dynamics of state-accorded municipal/nonmunicipal status and some implications for municipal governance in India. Keywords:...
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...Urbanization/CASE Urbanization refers to the reallocation from a rustic to an urban social order due to shifts in global variants. It is a product of economic, political and social advancement that has paved the way for the emergence of large metropolis, cause a spike in the population density of the region. A survey predicted that half of the earth’s inhabitants would reside in urban centers towards the end of 2008 (United Nations). Intimately connected to the processes of modernization, industrialization and rationalization, the phenomenon has it genesis in the Renaissance period. Continuous attacks by the Turks caused the Christians to migrate from the east to the west of Europe. Consequently, the volume of trade rose and European cities besides the coastline progresses impressively. An additional push was given to urbanization upon the advent of the Industrial Revolution; the population density of European and American cities continued to intensify. For instance, the city of Chicago saw it population rise from fifteen individuals to over twenty million in a timeframe of seventy eight year. Yet, the phenomenon took hold of the Asian and African region only after sovereignty from colonial subjugation; in the first and second half of the 20th century, respectively (Howard Gillette Jr.). As mentioned before, the process of urbanization takes place when individuals abandon their rural lifestyle and migrate to developed cities in anticipation of a superior standard of living. This is...
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...knowledge, explain why some groups of people within a country have a lower level of development than others. (10) Figure 4 shows that rural areas, especially in the North West are less prosperous and less developed. This is shown by the high score of 55% in poverty in rural areas compared to the urban rate of 40% and national rate of 50%. In the capital city, Dhaka, the poverty rate is almost half the rural poverty rate at 28%, and the regions close to Dhaka also have lower poverty rates, suggesting these regions have better opportunities. The cause of this indifference may be because the rural areas have fewer resources and therefore miss out on investment and trade. Rajshahi is landlocked with no way of importing and exporting materials on mass or cheaply, again leading them to be isolated away from trade prospects. Employment in rural areas is mainly agricultural which does not earn much income and more educated, younger generations migrate out of rural towns to pursue a wider range of better paid, formal jobs in the city, leaving a ‘brain drained’ rural population. Myrdal’s cumulative causation model supports these ideas as successful growing areas attract more economic activity causing even greater disparity and the core has a cumulative and growing advantage over the periphery. Physical factors will affect the development of some areas. North West Bangladesh is much drier than in the south and suffers from droughts and water shortages; meaning it is not a good area for industry...
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...undergoing the largest wave of urban growth.” More than half of the world’s population now lives in urban areas. This global phenomenon is happening across different regions and development levels in the world. Richer countries in Europe and the Americas already large percentage of their population live in towns and cities, while developing countries in Africa and Asia, still a large percentage of their population lives in rural areas, however urbanizing faster than developed countries. The landscape of human settlement is changing due to these global trends, with significant effects on health, living conditions, the environment, and development across the world. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the health, economic and environmental impacts of urbanization in the Philippines. What is Urbanization? Urbanization is defined as “the process by which an increasing proportion of the population comes to live in urban areas” (Yassi et al, 2011, p. 293). Many theories of development view urbanization and industrialization as interdependent processes of modern economics. However, according to Gollin et al (2013, p. 2), these two concepts are not synonymous, and they argue that there is not a strong association between urbanization and industrialization specifically among developing countries today. They pointed out that there are many countries, which have not industrialized significantly but are highly urbanized. One widely accepted theory of urban origins is that cities emerged...
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...‘Migration into cities has resulted in the rise of the informal sector rather than transforming the urban space into an industrial site.’ Discuss the reasons for this seemingly perverse phenomenon using examples from any two countries. Starting from the late 18th century, the Industrial Revolution led to an incontestable migration from the countryside to the city as industries agglomerated in the centre of Western cities. A century later, as industrialization gained what is known as the developing world, classical economists such as Lewis predicted large waves of migration that would transform the urban space into an industrial site. Yet, the most noticeable phenomenon of migration was a rise and establishment of an informal sector, comprising up to 90% of jobs and 70% of GDP production in countries like India. Are these results perverse, i.e. contrary to the accepted or expected norm? Looking specifically at cities in Ghana and Pakistan, while economic policies must take some blame for the lack of industrialisation, the rise and perseverance of an informal sector results of the confrontational and antagonising policies taken against rural to urban migration, which itself was misunderstood by authorities. More recent research proves that while the informal sector remains as prominent, it is not incompatible with the development of industry. The traditional explanation of migration towards cities (rural-urban migration) is laid out by Lewis in a model that emphasises how the economy...
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...10 3. The Bicycle modal share ………………………………11 4. Conclusion………………………………………………14 5. References………………………………………………15 Introduction It is important to remember that transport should be made accessible and affordable to people of all income groups. Poverty is seen as a relative concept, and the view is taken that we should not be considering one South African poverty problem, but rather strategies for developing the metropolitan, urban and rural poor households. The households have been further grouped into quintiles according to their incomes. In my quest to answer how likely trends are going to change, I will give an analysis of a broad range of transport issues. For example; the overall amount of travel; travel purpose; public transport accessibility, affordability and attitudes of customers; vehicle ownership; accessibility to shopping, education and medical facilities. The first issue that is apparent and seem to emerge from analysis is the difference between the rural and metro/urban poverty experiences. Secondly, there is an...
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...Consumer acceptance 1.2 China wine market general introduction As we all know, Asia market now is a new develop market, it is still confusion (the wine law, the regulation).So, we choice the focus market in Asia--China to enter, this will reduce the trouble of our market development. We should be aware that the Asian market, 95% wine consumption is face to the civilian population, only 5% high-end products sells to truly rich wine collector. Of course, with the further development of Asian economies, which 5% people will continue to expand. For the past few years, the maximum annual production of Chinese wine was about 30 million tons; it was less than 2% of beer output and 6% of Chinese liquor production, also it was only 1% of the world wine production, and the consumption per head was equivalent to France, Italy, Spain and other developed countries by 0.5%. China’s demand for wine will be reaching 600,000 tons by 2010, thus, the wine industry in China has a tremendous growth space and good market prospects. [2] However, it is very incompatible that the space of Chinese wine production and consumption has not been opened yet. The Chinese production of alcoholic beverages is among the largest in the world and is split between grain alcohol, beer and wine. In recent years, the production of spirits has tended to decrease in favour of beer, as...
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...Impact of E-Banking on Capital Bank and local area banking industry in India Coursework- Technology in Business and Society Shahbaz Singh Samra - B022337 Executive Summary The task commissioned was to assess the application of a technology to support organizational change. This report concentrates on how electronic banking (e-banking) has contributed to Capital Local Area Bank (CLAB) and the local area banking industry in India. Focus lies upon CLAB’s operations and how the bank incorporated e-banking to revolutionize and set standards for transparent and efficient banking in the state of Punjab. E-Banking gives strategic value to the organization and the industry because it adds a new dimension to the bank to offer its products and services. It gives the organization a comparative advantage over its rivals. However, local area banks might have to suffer loss of business done through their physical branches especially in urban and more developed areas. This, however, would be a positive for CLAB as the overall business generated would be higher and it gives its customers a facility that is yet to be provided by its competitors. E-Banking t is very cost effective for the bank. A bank, in order to expand efficiently, would be better off investing in e-banking rather than expanding its customer outreach through increasing the number of physical branches. Inevitably, e-banking does have some issues and challenges than an organization would have to overcome to gain...
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...Thesis At no time did the gaming companies’ commitment to Mississippi prove more vital than following Hurricane Katrina. When the storm hit in August 2005, the Mississippi casinos were forced to shut their doors. Instead of abandoning Mississippi, everyone worked excitedly to restore properties, place employees back to work and bring tourists back to Mississippi’s area. In the eyes of many, the financial impact is obvious by the capital investments and the thousands of jobs created, the quality of life has been improved by the growth and additions of other tourism-related businesses such as restaurants, outdoor recreation, small hotels, museums and festivals. Casino executives have made Mississippi their home and provided extensive community leadership, and millions of dollars have been donated by the industry to local social, educational, cultural, community and economic development organizations. Positive impacts and progress that did not exist for this region just two decades ago, now exists today. (Challenges to Mississippi Gaming Development since Katrina, 2010). Main point 1: I. Gaming Growth in Mississippi Sub-point 1: A. Permitting and Approvals Sub-point 2: B. Financing Main point 2: II. Economic Growth Sub-point 1: A. Catastrophic Natural Disasters Sub-point 2: B. Redevelopment of Mississippi Main point 3: III. Mississippi Gulf Coast Casinos Sub-point 1: A. Tourist Attractions Sub-point 2: B. Positive Impacts and Progress Conclusion ...
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