...Willowbrook: A Reflection Decades ago, society rejected those who were mentally or physically disabled. If a child did not reflect what was considered ‘normal’, parents were strongly encouraged to institutionalize them in a state ‘school’. Physicians depended on the warehousing of the disabled and assured their families that the patient would benefit in an institutional setting. Back in those days, there was not an option for group homes or other type of care homes for those with disabilities. In the 1950’s if you had a child with a mental disability, Down’s Syndrome, or another type of disability; your child would be taken to a facility like Staten Island’s Willowbrook State School. These facilities promised training and medical treatment for these children. In reality, these children were subjected to such atrocities that would not be tolerated by today’s standards. In 1965, Bobby Kennedy visited the facility and condemned the treatment of the patients and the overcrowding. When a physician decided to quit due to the conditions and lack of staff due to budget cuts, he contacted a local reporter Geraldo Rivera. The doctor gave Rivera a stolen key to Willowbrook. What Rivera uncovered was more like a concentration camp. Many of the children were naked and covered in filth and feces. The facility had a rancid smell of feces, urine and death. Willowbrook was understaffed to the point where one attendant was responsible for 30 – 40 patients. This led to a great...
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...Input Output Process Performance Control Name of student Total monthly fee Names of parents Amount paid to date Amount of discount on fixed fees Amount outstanding Monthly fixed tuition fee Monthly fixed after-care fee Discounted fixed fees Monthly “drop-in” fees Payment received Outputs Billing and payment system must produce monthly a monthly report summarizing fee collections for tuition and after-care. Billing and payment system must produce one bill per child per month, listing each student’s charges separately. Billing and payment system should produce a separate statement itemizing all drop-in after-care hours and include the student’s name, date(s), and time(s) that are billed. Billing and payment system should produce receipts that contain name, location, and Federal Tax ID number of the school, in addition to customer name and amount paid. Input Teachers must enter drop-in and after-care hours for students on a separate screen. Drop-in and after-care input data entry screen must include child’s name, date, start time, and end time. Billing and payment review screen must show students’ name, parent’s name, amount of discount on fixed fees, monthly fixed tuition fee, monthly fixed after-care fees, discounted fixed fees, monthly drop-in fees, total monthly fee, payment received, amount paid to date, and amount outstanding. Customer record screen must include parent’s name, address, phone, email, and...
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...“The Willowbrook Hepatitis Experiment" CCase Study [Author Name] Upon doing this case study I’ve learned there are different ways to analyze this experiment. First, I will state the facts about this case. Then I will give my opinion as to weather or not I find this experiment ethical or unethical. Finally, I will give some ways that maybe this experiment could have been changed to meet ethical or unethical guidelines. Facts: Willowbrook is a State School in Staten Island, New York. The facility was built in the 1930’s with the plan to house mentally retarded and disabled children. However, until the end of World War II it was used for injured and disabled war veterans. The building was originally built to house only a few thousand residents, but by the mid-60’s it was overcrowded with more than six thousand residents. In the late 50’s there was a research started there by S. Krugman and J. Giles to assess the outbreak of hepatitis. However, this research spanned over a period of fourteen years and involved a host of healthy children. Krugman and Giles were only focused on finding out the natural cause of the disease not what they were doing to the children. Krugman and Giles decided that in order to get more accurate data about hepatitis, they needed to have children who didn’t have the disease to be infected with hepatitis. So this way they could follow...
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...The Willowbrook Case Study was ethical for many reasons. To start off, there was respect for the persons undergoing the test. The children were not forced to go through with this test as well. The parents knew about the tests and were even able to tour the place where the Willowbrook Case Study was conducted. The tests were monitored as well as the people undergoing the test. The people undergoing the test were also kept in a caring environment where they were cared for and isolated from the rest of the facility. The purpose of the case study overall was to further the research done on hepatitis and if antibodies would have any effect on the person's proneness to get the disease. The benefits definitely outweigh the harms of this case. To start...
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...In 1953, Bernard Carabello was placed at Willowbrook State School at the age of three, by his mother. His doctor misdiagnosed him as cognitively disabled or "mentally retarded". Carabello's doctor advised his mother to place him at Willowbrook. Willowbrook State School was a school for cognitively disabled in name only. It was described to be worse than a prison, a residence for human experimentation. Until the age of 18, Carabello was neglected, abused and treated worse than an animal. Carabello recalls the abuse, "I got beaten with sticks, belt buckles. I got my head kicked into the wall by staff … most of the kids sat in the day room naked, with no clothes on. There was a lot of sexual abuse going on from staff to residents". Also, many...
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...In order for science to continually advance, scientists performed experiments. The field of medicine is doing the same thing. Human experimentation has been done not only in the past, but also in the present. Examples are those human experimentation done by the Nazis to the Jewish people during the Holocaust, the Tuskegee syphilis study done by the Americans before World War 2, and the Willowbrook hepatitis study done by the doctors to the mentally disabled children. These experiments are done supposedly to find answers on how the human body responds to certain conditions or illnesses. Although the researchers claimed that it was for the sake of science, people rejected them because it was unethical, sadistic, and worst – monstrous. Human experimentation since then has take on different forms nowadays. The question remains, are we for or against it?...
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...The beginning of the film explained the history of Willowbrook. In the past, a mental disabled person was immediately shunned in society. Doctors believed that it would be better for the person and for their parents to put them in an institution specifically for the developmentally challenged instead of having them cared for in the home. Willowbrook State School in Staten Island was a place where many people with mental disabilities were placed because it promised professional treatment, however that wasn’t the case. A reporter, Geraldo Rivera, snuck into the facility when he was given a key by a doctor that quit. He saw naked children that were covered in feces, the air had a horrible odor that was indescribable and there weren’t enough nurses and workers to keep the place running efficiently. The food that they received was soggy and it was force into them in a matter of minutes. After all of this was known to the public, Willowbrook would continue to stay open for 10 more years....
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...1) What do the Willowbrook, Tuskege Syphilis, and Cincinnati radiation experiments have in common? The Willowbrook, Tuskege Syphilis, and Cincinnati radiation experiments had one common purpose: to see the effects of something by using people of less worth, in order to benefit those who are worth in society. In revelation of these news, new standards were needed to avoid tragic events like the ones discovered in these locations. Moreover, as mentioned by Ekland-Olsen and Beicken, The patients receiving radiation all had cancer. They were poor, with little education, unable to pay for private physicians. Just over 60 percent were of African American heritage. There was little or no hope that the full-body radiation treatment would help them personally, but researchers believed…they would learn something valuable…in the event of an atomic attack.” 2) What other crystallizing events can you think of that have clarified thinking and motivated action? Other crystallizing events that I can think of that have clarified thinking and motivated action were the similarities between the experiments conducted in the U.S. with those conducted by German doctors during WWII, the use of aborted fetuses in federally funded...
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...The Willowbrook experiment was an opportunistic experiment in which mentally ill children were the victims of and parents were deceived into giving their consent through unethical means such as blackmail. Children were living in a school that was overcrowded and hepatitis was rampant. Instead of the school raising their sanitation standards they took advantage of this and began experimenting with the virus and injecting it into the children. These children had no idea what they were having done to them and no way to understand given their mental state. Some parents were told they would only accept their child if they placed them in the hepatitis wing and gave consent to be involved in the experiment. When parents would tour the facility and a consent form was given to them, the manner at which the school explained the virus sounds like nothing more than a stomach bug that may last for a week at best. Willowbrook made it sound like it was in the best interest of the parents and child if they gave their consent to participate because if they caught hepatitis from another child then the symptoms would be far worse than if they were given a milder dose from the school. There are many ways someone may look at this and ask their self was it justified as we will see. "Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness." This quote is a summary of what Utilitarianism defines. A utilitarian believes that...
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...a data entry screen to input the information. This input source document will be used as the registration form for students accepted to Willowbrook, and should contain information for both the academic program and after-care programs. Keep in mind that Willowbrook conducts their current registration methods in a non-digital, non-electronic format. Utilize as many controls as possible for this method as well as provide instructions for the parents filling out the form. Look to chapter 5 for the list of data elements that were determined in this previous assignment. 2. What data validation checks would you suggest for the new student form designed in Assignment 1? Be specific to identify which validation checks apply to which elements. 3. Monthly updates require inputting information about additional after-care hours used and payments received. Would you combine these in one data entry screen, or create separate screens for this? Explain your decision. 4. Determine the data required for a new student. Design an input source document that will be used to capture the data and a data entry screen to input the information. This input source document will be used as the registration form for students accepted to Willowbrook, and should contain information for both the academic program and after-care programs. Keep in mind that Willowbrook conducts their current registration methods in a non-digital, non-electronic format. Utilize as many controls as possible for this method...
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...| 2014 | | Willowbrook School Project Chris Bannon – InfoTech Systems Analyst | [BACKGROUND bUSINESS iNFORMATION] | This document provides the background business information regarding Willowbrook School’s requirement for creating a system to meet their business needs. | Part1: Mission Statement Willowbrook School, a 20 year-old nonprofit educational institution, is committed to providing a high quality, cost effective, safe and culturally progressive education to families with children ranging from preschool age through grade six. Part 2: Business Processes Due to significant growth in student population for general tuition and after school programs, the Willowbrook School has a desire to automate core business processes. The two functions identified as needing the most attention are tuition and after care billing. While those two processes are the primary focus area required to eliminate the need to add additional administrative staff, there are other core processes that are in need of automation or that support the two primary focus areas. Listed below is a table of core processes, a brief description of the process and the process owner or owners: No. | Process Name | Process Description | Process Owner | | | | | 1 | Record Time / Attendance | Record and submit time sheets for part time assistants and submit them every two weeks to Susan Brown. | After Care Teachers | | | | | 2 | Process Payroll | Kathy Gilliard handles it for the teachers...
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...Willowbrook School Mission Statement Providing quality, individualized education and care to the children of our community during their formative years. Willowbrook School Information Systems Business Case Executive Summary In response to the rapidly increasing workload generated by both the addition of the Grade 4-6 program and an unexpected jump in application requests, the Board of Directors has authorized a project to research and develop an information system capable of supporting the school’s expansion. Of immediate concern is the substantial increase in administrative and accounting activity, which is currently being administered by one full time employee with assistance from faculty as their schedules permit. The proposed system will increase productivity and allow the current organizational structure to efficiently accomplish daily operations and activities until the school is in a position to increase the administrative staff and fund the remaining system requirements. The new system will automate current processes by eliminating the paper and manual processes, which are both inefficient and time-consuming. Furthermore, the proposed database will allow staff to quickly retrieve compiled data in order to make informed decisions regarding enrollment, bookkeeping, scheduling and student status. Recommendation Initially, the new system must track and process scheduling, after care hours and attendance, tuition payments and invoicing. As the program expands...
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...Adrienne McIntosh Instructor: Stephanie J. Hawkins, Ph.D. HS5315: Professional & Scientific Ethics September 7, 2008 For this assignment, submit your Part 2: Analysis of Ethical Dilemma paper to your instructor, who will provide feedback. Papers should be submitted to the assignments section of the course and follow the required guidelines. In this second part of the project, provide an analysis of a hypothetical ethical dilemma that you have developed. Keep in mind that the hypothetical ethical dilemma you are analyzing should also be within the same work environment that you analyzed and submitted in Unit 5 for Part 1: Analysis of Work Environment. There are several substantial areas that you must consider in your analysis. The following questions will help you to begin your analysis of the ethical dilemma you have chosen. • What is the ethical dilemma and who are the individuals involved? Be sure to fully describe the dilemma and its context. • What are the main ethical concerns presented in the dilemma? What sources and references can you use to support your analysis? • How could you apply the theories and techniques of human service professions to a wide variety of ethical dilemmas? • What documentation would you provide for the Ethics committee if it were a real-life situation? What decision making process would you present to them upon review of this case? How would you define and relate...
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...LANGLEY COMMUNITY SERVICES SOCIETY LANGLEY CHILD CARE RESOURCE AND REFERRAL PROGRAM REGISTERED CHILD CARE LIST Statement of Responsibility The C.C.R.R. is providing referrals only. The C.C.R.R. does not inspect or supervise the work of registered childcare providers. The C.C.R.R. assesses License-Not-Required childcare providers only for the purpose of determining eligibility for the program. It is the parent’s responsibility to choose, assess and monitor their childcare arrangements. Langley Meadows & Willoughby REGISTERED LICENSE NOT REQUIRED CHILD CARE Amy 208 St & 80 Ave 604 308 0841 Christina 209A St & 83Ave 604 785 5881 Fannie 211B St & 79 Ave 604 888 8989 Gulshan 197B ST & 71 Ave 604 510 7172 Helena 211B & 80 Ave 604 881 1130 Jennifer (near Trinity University) 221 St & 79 Ave 604 857 3551 Jennifer 208 St & 70 Ave 778 809 1058 Kelly Wilding Cres (200/64) 604 510 1706 Lisa Wayburne Cres (200/64) 604 999 4430 Marsha 201 St & 71 Ave 778 837 0716 Navjeet 202 St & 73 Ave 604 514 9772 Patricia 209B St & 82 Ave 778 298 8575 Susie Wilding Cres (200/64) 604 533 3384 Taegan 211B St & 78 Ave 778 908 0841 Whitney 212 St & 80 Ave 778 242 4076 Yenelli Woodland Drive (200/64) 604 510 3621 LICENSED FAMILY CHILD CARE Ali’s Childcare Alison...
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...Ethically obtained data are the research findings that are brought about in an ethically sound way. This data adheres to all aspects of the codes of ethics. (Oliver, P., 2010) However, when this is breached the data becomes unethical. It can be debated that unethical data obtained over the years can help benefit the greater good of society, but the cost of utilizing this data can also be argued. I will identify both the affirmative and opposing teams arguments, and briefly drawn upon points raised in the debate. I will also identify the strengths and weaknesses within our teamwork. I was the first speaker for my team, the opposing side. We argued that for the greater good of society, data obtained unethically should not be used today. We discussed the breach of ethical standards, outlining the long list of ways in which ethical guidelines were not taken into consideration. Victoria, our second speaker, drew upon the ethical principles instilled by the Declaration of Helsinki, allowing the audience to gain understanding in the areas that were breached. We also compared the legality of conducting and publishing unethical data, drawing on examples of where the law has been broken. I used rhetorical questions to the audience to gain an understanding of what these individuals were subject to, to try strengthening our points. The affirmative team argued that to benefit society, we must use information drawn from studies conducted unethically. They highlighted many examples of...
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