Name ____________________________ Date _______________ Per _______ Valence Electrons Worksheet follow along with the lecture by completing the sample problems below. KEEP THESE NOTES IN YOUR FOLDER! Example 1: How many valence electrons does Magnesium have? 1. Write the electron configuration 2. Circle the subshells in the highest energy level 3. Count the electrons in those orbitals Example 2: How many valence electrons does Chlorine have? Example 3: What is the electron dot
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diagram of a molecule of hydrogen chloride. Show outer electrons only. (2) Q2. Nitrogen and oxygen are present in the air. Another gas present in air is carbon dioxide, CO2. There are covalent bonds between the atoms in a molecule of carbon dioxide. (i) Describe what is meant by a covalent bond. (2) .............................................................................................................................................. ......................................
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Elena Milovanovic Mr. Brian Gorodetsky Science 9 November 20th 2013 LAB Density Guiding Question: How does sugar/salt affect the density of water? Hypothesis: I think that the density will increase because salt and sugar add mass to the water, therefore increasing the density. For example, ocean water, it is more dense than the regular water because it isn’t pure like regular water, it has more salinity in it making it more dense. Notes: -A sugar and salt experiment. -We
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1. The different levels of organization are listed as follows: Cell- the structural and functional unit of all living things Tissue – a group of cells with a common structure and function Organ – composed of tissues functioning together for a specific task Organ System – composed of several organs working together Organism – an individual; complex individuals contain organ systems. Population – organisms of the same species in a particular area. 2. 7 basic characteristics of life are
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At room temperature, there is a rapid equilibrium between the two chair conformations of cyclohexane. The twist-boat and chair are both energy minima—the twist-boat being a local minimum and the chair being a global minimum (ground state). The energy of twist-boat conformation is 5.5 kcal mol−1 (23 kJ mol−1) higher than that of the chair conformation. The half-chair state (2, below) is the transition state in the interconversion between chair and twist-boat conformations. Because of the D2 symmetry
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So far, we’ve only talked about cyclic molecules containing one ring. But, of course, molecules with multiple rings are very common in nature. A prime example is the steroid structure, exemplified by the common oral contraceptive ethinyl estradiol. estradiol Here, we’re just going to talk about two very simple cases of molecules containing two rings. We’re going to focus our efforts on cyclohexane, and examine in close detail the situation where two cyclohexane rings are bonded to each other in
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cycloaddition, chemical reaction that occurs between a conjugated diene, a molecule with two alternating double bonds, and dienophile, an alkene, to form rings and bicyclic compounds. Because it involves the interaction of four π electrons that are supplied by the diene and the two π electrons supplied by the dienophile, the Diels-Alder reaction is often called [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In the reaction, two new σ bonds are formed and one π bond is formed at the expense of two π bonds, which results
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characteristics. 12. identify and predict physical and chemical properties of elements based on their location on the periodic table. 13. determine the number of valence electrons for a given element. 3. BONDING & COMPOUNDS I can… 14. define and illustrate ionic bonds. 15. given a compound’s name, determine the ionic formula. 16. use the periodic table to predict what ionic formula will result when two elements bond. 17. show how ions with different charges can form 3-D
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as indicated by the above diagram. Structural Formula in 3-D The following shows a step by step demonstration on how to create the chemical structure for nicotine. The diagrams also include the bond angles between the elements. **Side Note*** The bond angles for a pyridine are all in the 120 - 122 degrees range and the bond angles for a pyrrolidine are all in the 109 - 115 degrees range. [Not all angles are shown, since they are all
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Water is a unique solvent that allow organism to continue and advance. The substantial and chemical aspects of water provide a good medium for aquatic organisms. The bond that is set up between both water and aquatic organisms provide and transport nutrients to the living organism. Since water is transparent plants that live under water can still use the sunlight to perform photosynthesis. Water is also cohesive; water is made up of two hydrogen units and one oxygen unit. They are bonded covalently
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