...The Digestive System and Its Activities What happens to food when it is ingested? To understand this process it is important to know how the digestive system works and its components. The digestive system is more than just the stomach and colon, rather it is a system of organs working together to break down food into “nutrient molecules, absorbing these molecules into the bloodstream, and ridding the body of the indigestible remains” (Elaine and Katja 849). The digestive system is composed of the alimentary canal, also known as the gastrointestinal tract, and its accessory digestive organs. The alimentary canal “is a muscular tube lined with epithelium [tissue] and adapted regionally to the various functions of the digestive organs” (Fritsch and Wolfgang 42). It includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It is in the alimentary canal where food is broken down to smaller fragments and absorbed by the bloodstream. The teeth, tongue in the mouth; and the gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas connected by ducts to the GI tract make up the accessory digestive organs. These accessory organs release or store special secretions that aid in digestive and absorptive processes. The mouth is the entryway to the alimentary canal. In depth, the mouth, or oral cavity, is bordered by lips, cheeks, palate, and tongue. When opened anteriorly it is called the oral orifice. The mouth region contains thick stratified squamous epithelium...
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...J0hn smith University of Phoenix Human Digestion Summary Sc1241 Describe digestion in the mouth Digestion of food in the mouth start the process from the time the food touches your lips down to your stomach. When you have food in your plate and ready to eat, first thing that happens you see the food, then you can smell the food depend of what kind of food it is. Then you put the food in your mouth your saliva glands begin the digestive process as it moistened by saliva, the tongue helps mixed the food with saliva and ids in chewing by moving the food between teeth and masticated by the teeth, then the food transform into a bolus which is a mass of food that has been chewed at the point of swallowing. Once the bolus leaves your mouth, the food moves into the pharynx so it could be swallowed, then the bolus moves into the esophagus, which connects to the stomach. Describe digestion in the stomach Digestion in the stomach start after the bolus passes the esophagus and reaches the stomach where the bolus mixed with acid secretions that transform the bolus into a semiliquid food mass that is call chime. Depend on the size of the food you ate or the kind of food you ate your stomach digest the chime in two to six hours. Describe digestion in the small intestine In the small intestine is where the majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients from food happens and it is divided in three parts, known as the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum. Secretion...
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...Week 1 Assignment Part 1 http://www.e-missions.net/cybersurgeons/?/dig_teacher/ Part 2 http://www.lessontutor.com/jm_digestive.html # | Name | Description and Function | | | | 1 | teeth | The strongest stuff in the body! Their purpose is to rip, grind, mash and generally pulverize all that food we put into our mouths. Why? So that it fits down our throats. | | | | 2 | epiglottis | This trap door belongs to both the respiratory system and the digestive systems. Swallowing triggers its closing over the trachea to prevent food and fluids from draining into our lungs. | | | | 3 | liver | One of the 'accessory' organs of digestion. Food doesn't actually pass through this organ. Instead, this organ secretes bile that is passed along to the gall bladder for concentration and storage. | | | | 4 | gall bladder | Another accessory organ. Food doesn't touch this one, either. It is a pear-shaped sac about 4 inches long and is the reservoir, or storage tank, for bile. Concentrated bile is released into the duodenum as needed to break down fats into an absorbable form. | | | | 5 | common bile duct | As close to a transport highway as we've visited so far. This duct collects donations from the liver and the gall bladder (bile) as it passes along to the duodenum of the small bowel. To see an xray view - click on the picture on this page. | | | | 6 | large bowel | Is it poop yet? (We'll call it 'feces' [sounds like 'fee-cees'] or 'stool'...
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...Amrit Paul Human Physiology Dr. R.Wahba 08/02/2014 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Pancreas Pancreas is a large gland that is situated behind the stomach, that secrets digestive enzymes into the first section of the small intestine (duodenum) which can be considered as exocrine functions of the pancreas. Secretions of hormones by the pancreas serve to fulfill its endocrine functions. The digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas aid in the breakdown of food molecules such as carbohydrates, protein, and fat that are emulsified as chime passing through the pyloric sphincter of the stomach. The cells responsible for production of digestive enzymes in the pancreas are termed exocrine cells. The endocrine cells of the pancreas are responsible for production of different hormones. Hormones can be termed as substances that control or regulate specific important function in our body. They are usually made in one organ of the body and its activity is directed towards another area usually an affected organ. Islets cells are endocrine cells of the pancreas that are responsible for production and secretion of insulin and glucagon. Insulin works directly to lower blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia), and glucagon will raise blood sugar levels in time of need such as strenuous activity (hypoglycemia). Together, these two pancreatic hormones are responsible for maintaining proper level of blood sugar in the blood (homeostasis). The pancreatic duct runs the length of the pancreas...
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...The Digestive System and How It Works The digestive system is a unique system that has a unique way of operating. The digestive system is the organs and glands in the body that are responsible for digestion. The digestive system begins with the mouth and extends through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, ending with the rectum and anus. In this paper I plan to show how the digestive system works, the organs and gland that are in the system and there functions. Most of you have heard the expression "you are what you eat. a more accurate statement would be: "you are what you eat, digest, assimilate and incorporate." Although this statement is also obviously less than complete, it does incorporate the very important...
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...to travel through our digestive track. I’m also going to be telling you about how digestive can occur in some parts of our digestive system. I’m also going to be letting you know what kinds of foods are good to eat to help to improve our digestive system. Human digestion summary Digestion can take a very specific path which starts from beginning to the end. This is when the food that we have ate then starts to move from our moth to our stomach in a matter of minutes. This is when our tongue will help move the food that we eat move to the teeth. Which then while we chew our food it is then mixed with saliva. That’s when the saliva is then produced by our saliva glands to start the first part of the digestion. When the food is then mixed with our saliva that’s when the food then comes to a bolus. The bolus is then swallowed in the phyarynx and then moves into the esophagus. This is when it then takes place in our stomach while in the esophagus that’s when the food will pass the epiglottis. The epiglottis is a flap that will help to prevent the bolus from being taken to our lungs. When it comes to the size of our mouth its five inches to one foot long. When it comes to Bile which is then created in our gallbladder. Then it is moved into our liver and then is also excreted into our stomach which is one foot long organ. In our stomach that’s when the bolus is then mixed with bile then from the liver and then is also then mixed with the digestive enzymes and with the...
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...Chapter.20 Lymphatic System & lymphoid organs and tissues Lymphatic System: returns fluids that have leaked from the blood vascular system back into the blood 3 Parts: Network of lymphatic vessels Lymph = fluid contained in those vessels Lymph nodes - cleanse the lymph as it passes through them Lymphatic vessels form a one way system in which lymph fluid flows only towards the heart. when fluid pressure is greater then the pressure n the lymphatic capillary it will be drained toward the heart. order questions? how does it flow from the lymphatic capillaries to the heart? or opposite way around. The cistern chill collects lymph from the 2 larger lumbar trunks that drain the lower limbs & form the intestinal trunk that drains the digestive organs. Lymphoid Organs & Tissues: provide the structural basis of the immune system -House phagocytic cells & lymphocytes which play roles in the body defines mechanisms & resistance to disease. Ex- Spleen Lymphatic Capillaries: Weave btwn the tissue cells and blood capillaries in the loose CT of the body these vessels to be EXTREMELY permeable due to mini-valves. Lymphatic Trunks: drain large areas of the body, named for the regions which they drain lymph Lymphatic Ducts: R Lymphatic Duct -drains lymph from R upper limb & right side of head and thorax 2) Thoracic Duct much larger b/c receives lymph from the rest of the body Lymph Transport: Lymphatic vessels are low-pressure conduits...
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...Unit 8 Assignment Professor: Catherine Rice SC121: Human Anatomy and Physiology I Shemika Spraggins Kaplan University Introduction: Skeletal System and Digestive System The Human body is one the most complex organism that is made up of several systems that all work together to keep all of us alive. Amount these systems are: The skeletal System and Digestive System. The Skeletal System has two hundred and six bones that protect the body’s organs, provide central support and attachment for muscles movement throughout the body. This system plays an important function in the...
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...Briefly describe the overall structure of the digestive system with reference to all the major organs The function of the digestive system is “the mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods and the absorption of nutrients by cells”(1) The structure of the digestive system consists of the alimentary canal which is 9 meters in length. Its starts at the mouth and ends at the anus with the accessory organs. Alimentary Canal Mouth-Consist of the tongue, taste buds, palate , palatine tonsils and teeth. Pharynx-is the nasal and oral cavitys. Oesophagus- a muscular tube leading to the stomach Stomach-pouch shapped organ. Small intestine-organ that contains 3 parts. Large intestine- starts at the ileum contains the caecum and colon and ends at the rectum. Accessory Organs Salivary glands- There are 3: Parotid, submandibular and sublingual. Liver- It has 2 lobes Gallbladder- Pancreas- Describe the process of digestion The digestion of food begins in the mouth which contains the tongue which moves food around making it easier to chew and also contains the taste buds, palate , palatine tonsils and teeth. The tooth has 4 layers which are the crown, the root, the enamel and dentin. These all contribute to digestion by reducing the size of the food, taste the food (which makes food enjoyable), and also protects against infection. The food then continues its journey through the pharynx to the muscular tube called the oesophagus. The food then passes to the stomach through...
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... Learning objectives By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Describe the mechanism of feeding State and explain four stages of food processing including hormonal control. Differentiate the variation in vertebrate digestive system. 2 Main feeding mechanisms Suspension feeders Substrate feeders Fluid feeders Bulk feeders Main feeding mechanisms Suspension feeder/ filter feeders Sieve small food particles from water E.g : whales, clams and flamingos 4 Main feeding mechanisms Substrate feeders Animals that live in/on their food source Eat their way through the food E.g : earthworms and termites 5 Main feeding mechanisms Fluid feeders Suck nutrient-rich fluid from a living host E.g : mosquito, aphids 6 Main feeding mechanisms Bulk feeders Eat relatively large pieces of food (swallow altogether) Spend a long time to digest their food E.g : snake 7 8 Mouth Esophagus Stomach Large intestine Rectum Anus Tongue Glands in mouth that make saliva Pancreas Liver Gallbladder 9 The mammalian digestive system consists of an alimentary canal and accessory glands that secrete digestive juices through ducts Mammalian accessory glands are the salivary glands, the pancreas, the liver, and the gallbladder 10 Stages of Food Processing Ingestion is the act of eating Digestion is the process of breaking food down into molecules small enough to absorb ...
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...The digestive system is the set of organs which transform whatever we eat into substances that can be used in the body for energy, growth and repair. The digestive system consists of the upper and lower alimentary tract. The upper section of the digestive system consists of the oral cavity, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx and oesophagus. The lower alimentary tract is composed of the stomach, intestines and the glands of the digestive system i.e. the liver, gall bladder and the pancreas. The glands of the digestive system are accessory organs because although food does not pass directly through them, they help the process, breaking down the toxins or waste digestion produces. There are four stages of digestion. The first stage takes place in the mouth where the action of teeth and saliva combine; chewing and partially digesting the food so that it will pass more easily along the oesophagus. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase which acts on cooked starch. The ball of food that leaves the mouth through the action swallowing is known as a bolus. The tongue pushes the bolus to the back of the mouth towards the pharynx, a muscular tube behind the mouth. The food passes into the pharynx and down to the oesophagus. In the oesophagus the chewed food is carried from the pharynx to the stomach by a muscular contraction known as peristalsis. The lining of the oesophagus secretes mucus to ease and lubricate the passage of food. The second stage of digestion takes place in the...
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...Khalia Roche Professor Wolfson BIOL 111 The Digestive System and Ulcerative Colitis The Digestive System is one of the most important systems of the human body. The purpose of the digestive system is to process all foods that enter through the mouth. The foods and liquids must be processed until small enough to be absorbed and used by the cells of the body (National Institute of Health). According to WebMD, “the digestive tract, also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, consists of a long, twisting tube that reaches from the mouth to the anus.” It includes several organs: the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (National Institute of Health). There are also other major accessory organs included in the digestion process which are: the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and the pancreas. These organs secrete fluids needed during the digestive process (National Institute of Health). Food undergoes three processes while in the digestive system: Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination. Digestion is an intricate process where the food that is ingested is turned into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth and cell repair (WebMD). There are two types of digestion: mechanical digestion and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion involves the breakdown of larger food portions and is acted upon by thousands of enzymes. This digestion begins with the mouth and continues in the stomach (National Institute of Health). The second...
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...Adrenal glands are located on top of each kidney and they are small and hard to differentiate with kidneys. They are triangular in shape. 3. Gonads – the two testes are in the lowest portion of the abdominal cavity connecting to spermatic cord. They are round in shape. 5. Discuss your dissection of the digestive system of the fetal pig by doing the following: DONE a. Describe the major digestive organs, including their name, location, relative size, and physical characteristics (e.g., color, shape, texture). • The small intestines are wrinkled and coiled up in multiple loops and supported by a thin membrane under the stomach and liver in the lower part of the abdomen. It is light brown in color. • The large intestine is behind the small intestine. It connects to the distal end of the small intestine. It is darker in color than the small intestine. • The stomach is located in the left side of the body and lies horizontally. Its shape is almost oval with its upper part connecting to the esophagus and its lower part connecting to the small intestine. It is attached to the back of the abdominal cavity. b. Describe the accessory digestive organs, including their name, location, relative size, and physical characteristics (e.g., color, shape,...
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...without a person’s conscious effort.” He also states “…The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that supplies the internal organs, including the blood vessels, stomach, intestine, liver, kidneys, bladder, genitals, lungs, pupils, heart, and sweat, salivary, and digestive glands… After the autonomic nervous system receives information about the body and external environment, it responds by stimulating body processes, usually through the sympathetic division, or inhibiting them, usually through the parasympathetic...
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...Anatomy and Physiology Task 1 1. Discuss your dissection of the sheep heart and the cardiovascular system of the fetal pig by doing the following: a. Describe the similarities and differences between the fetal pig heart and the sheep heart. Differences: 1. Size 2. The left ventricular wall is thicker in the sheep than the fetal pig. Similarities: They both have 2 atria and 2 ventricles. b. Describe the four valves of the heart, including their name, location, and function. The four valves of the heart are the tricuspid valve, the pulmonic valve, the mitral valve, and the aortic valve. The tricuspid valve: It is located between the right atria and the right ventricle. It is comprised of three “flap-like cusps” which when in its closed position, prevents the deoxygenated blood entering the heart from the body, from backing up in the right atrium from the right ventricle (regurgitation). http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/tricuspid-valve The Pulmonic Valve: This valve is found between the right ventricle and the lungs. As the deoxygenated blood continues on its journey through the heart from the right ventricle, it makes its exit by way of the pulmonic valve. This structure is a one-way valve with prevents the flow of blood back into the right ventricle once it leaves the heart. http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/pulmonary-valve The mitral valve: This valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. As the now oxygenated blood flows...
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