...Hiroshima and Nagasaki Takesha McCaleb Mr. Spitler Was the Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki necessary to end the war? As I did my research on this topic I found out that some found it necessary while others didn’t. During the course of this research paper I will be discussing why the atomic bomb was dropped. The effects right after the bomb was dropped for the Japanese and Americans also the after effects such as genetic effects. I will also touch on how Americans feel about the bomb more than fifty years later and what lessons were learned throughout all of this. Hiroshima was founded in 1589, on the coast of the Seto Inland Sea, and became a major urban centre during the Meiji period. The city is located on the broad, flat delta of the Ota River, which has 7 channel outlets dividing the city into six islands which project into Hiroshima Bay. The city is almost entirely flat and only slightly above sea level; to the northwest and northeast of the city, some hills rise to 700 feet. Hiroshima was founded by Mori Motonari as his capital. About a half century later, after the Battle of Sekigahara, his grandson and the leader of the West Army Mori Terumoto lost the battle. Finally Asano was appointed the daimyo of this area and Hiroshima served as the capital of Hiroshima Han during the Edo period. After the Han was abolished the city became the capital of Hiroshima prefecture. During the First Sino-Japanese War, Hiroshima emerged as a major supply and...
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...year are 1945, America dropped the atomic bomb on Japan. As the years and decades have passed, the controversy has only grown. Millions of people both American and foreigners have questioned America’s choice and have even condemned both America and President Truman for making a decision that killed tens of thousand. Many claim that the use of the Bomb was mainly to scare Russia and to get ahead on the already developing Cold War. However, I believe that the dropping of the atomic bomb was the course of action that would have caused the least amount of bloodshed for both the Allies and the Japanese. There are several arguments that justify the dropping of the atomic bomb. For example, the bomb ironically saved Japanese lives. Casualty...
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...Modern History Conflict in the Pacific 1937-1941 Due: Thursday 28th of August, 2008 Alyce Wearne Task: Evaluate the argument that America was justified in using atomic weapons against Japan in 1945. As one of the most significant and consequential decisions in the history of the world, President Harry Truman’s allowance of atomic weapons towards the end of World War II, of which he himself understood would cause both mass devastation and indignation, is still one of the most controversial and heavily debated topics in today’s society. This was partially due to the adverse underestimation and seemingly ignorant approach the American’s had towards their latest development of mass destruction; almost oblivious to the immense aftermath of physical injury, civilian death and emotional torment it would produce for those involved. This decision, ultimately made by one man, affected not only America and Japan, but the world. Dispute over this was, and continues to be highly generated, the event causing anger and infuriation to millions across the world. This resentment did not just accumulate from the lack of awareness and slaughter of innocent life, but from the graphic images shown in newspapers, the casualties, and the torturous amount of death underwent as a result of the bomb. As a Japanese survivor documented: “The appearance of people was . . . well, they all had skin blackened by burns. . . . They had no hair because their hair was burned, and at a glance you...
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...1945, two bombs (one named ‘Little Boy’ and the latter called ‘Fat Man’) were dropped onto Hiroshima and Nagasaki of Japan by the United States of America during World War II. These two are what are known as atomic or nuclear bombs. The ‘Little Boy’ caused an estimated 140,000 casualties and the ‘Fat Man’ resulted in about 75,000 fatalities. If, at the time, Japan had such bombs of their own and decided to retaliate, World War II would have become a nuclear war, which would have devastated both countries and their civilians. However, that event is 7 decades old. Many countries have, unfortunately, produced hundreds more of the life-destroying bombs (since then). These bombs are the nuclear weapons that have...
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...the A-Bomb In early August 1945 atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These two bombs quickly yielded the surrender of Japan and the end of American involvement in World War II. By 1946 the two bombs caused the death of perhaps as many as 240,000 Japanese citizens1. The popular, or traditional, view that dominated the 1950s and 60s – put forth by President Harry Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson – was that the dropping of the bomb was a diplomatic maneuver aimed at intimating and gaining the upper hand in relations with Russia. Today, fifty-four years after the two bombings, with the advantage of historical hindsight and the advantage of new evidence, a third view, free of obscuring bias and passion, can be presented. First, the dropping of the bomb was born out of complex infinite military, domestic and diplomatic pressures and concerns. Second, many potentially viable alternatives to dropping the bombs were not explored by Truman and other men in power, as they probably should have been. Lastly, because these alternatives were never explored, we can only conjecture over whether or not Truman’s decision was a morally just one, and if indeed it was necessary to use atomic energy to win the war. The war in Asia had its roots in the early 1930s. Japan had expansionist aims in Eastern Asia and the Western Pacific, especially in Indochina2. In July of 1940 the United States placed an embargo on materials exported to Japan, including...
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...Maria F Castrillo Moral Life: A study in Ethic Tiffany Sutton Friday, 6 September 2013 3 Dilemmas One of the most controversial decisions in America history, the moral dilemma of President Truman had to face during the War World II, whether invasion or the bomb, a problem in intelligent choice and a matter of life and death. Truman ordered US planes to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. An argument supporting his decision would be that it saved many lives and ended the war. However an invasion of Japan would have been very costly and both sides would have had more losses. An argument against his decision would be that it was wrong to directly target civilians. It also caused long-term damage as many people developed cancer and other illnesses from the radiation left by the atomic bomb. Whether to use the atom bomb on Japan to end the 3 and a half year war. He used it, and it was responsible for the deaths of tens of thousands of Japanese citizens and soldiers. But it did force the Japanese to surrender once and for all. I honestly think this was the wrong way to end the conflict; war is never the answered. Another ethical dilemma that attracts my attention is a situation in which a person is faced with two choices which conflict with their ethical system. Per example in your ethical system stealing is always wrong. Also letting one's family die from starvation is always wrong. A person in such a situation would be forced to commit one wrong to avoid...
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...On August 6, 1945, the U.S. President Harry S. Truman ordered the dropping of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and three days later ordered the same for Nagasaki, upon which Japan surrendered, ending World War II. Those very actions have been widely debated by many people since the order has been fulfilled. War is crazy, war is devastating, war is war and that which happens in war is always thought to be the best or right course to take by one leader or another, but the question people ask, from time to time, is: should the U.S. have dropped the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? The hardest part of debating this topic is looking at the whole of the matter impersonally. No one goes into a war asking just how many lives will be lost and still be acceptable, because the ultimate answer to that is none. However, that isn’t a realistic idea, so the only reasonable thing to do then is to find a way to minimize the death toll for one’s side. Dropping the bombs seemed like a viable option that was selected at that time because of a study done for the Secretary of War Henry Stimson's staff by William Shockley that estimated that conquering the main land of Japan would cost from 1.7 to 4 million American casualties, including 400,000 to 800,000 fatalities, and five to ten million Japanese fatalities, both civilian and military; the key - and correct - assumption was that Japanese civilians were prepared to fight to the death rather than let their country be taken by the US (Operation...
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...Church, and his pious mother had him baptised, Sakharov was an atheist in later life. However, he did believe that a "guiding principle" governed the universe and human life. Sakharov entered Moscow State University in 1938. Following evacuation in 1941 during the Great Patriotic War, he graduated in Aşgabat, in today's Turkmenistan. He was then assigned to laboratory work in Ulyanovsk. In 1943, he married Klavdia Alekseyevna Vikhireva, with whom he raised two daughters and a son before she died in 1969. He returned to Moscow in 1945 to study at the Theoretical Department of FIAN.He received his Ph.D. in 1947. After the end of World War II, he researched cosmic rays. In mid-1948 he participated in the Soviet atomic bomb project under Igor Kurchatov and Igor Tamm. The first Soviet atomic device was tested on August 29, 1949. After moving to Sarov in 1950, Sakharov played a key role in the development of the first megaton-range Soviet hydrogen bomb using a design known as Sakharov's Third Idea in Russia and the Teller-Ulam design in the United States. Before his Third Idea, Sakharov tried a "layer cake" of alternating layers of fission and fusion fuel. The...
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...shaped the development of atomic energy. Was the nuclear arms race a product of Cold War tension rather than its cause? The Atomic Bomb and the Origins of the Cold War The nuclear age began before the Cold War. During World War II, three countries decided to build the atomic bomb: Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Britain put its own work aside and joined the Manhattan Project as a junior partner in 1943. The Soviet effort was small before August 1945. The British and American projects were driven by the fear of a German atomic bomb, but Germany decided in 1942 not to make a serious effort to build the bomb. In an extraordinary display of scientific and industrial might, the United States made two bombs ready for use by August 1945. Germany was defeated by then, but President Truman decided to use the bomb against Japan. The decision to use the atomic bomb has been a matter of intense controversy. Did Truman decide to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki in order, as he claimed, to end the war with Japan without further loss of American lives? Or did he drop the bombs in order to intimidate the Soviet Union, without really needing them to bring the war to an 2 end? His primary purpose was surely to force Japan to surrender, but he also believed that the bomb would help him in his dealings with Stalin. That latter consideration was secondary, but it confirmed his decision. 1 Whatever Truman’s motives, Stalin regarded the use of the bomb as an anti-Soviet move, designed...
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...Cambridge Five Creation and Operations Introduction “Cambridge Five” or “Magnificent Five” is the name given to a group of five young men whom all graduated from Cambridge University. They betrayed their country by spying for the Soviet Union and passing them secret information. They were probably the most successful Soviet spies to penetrate the western intelligence. Their actions allow the Soviet Union to get access to vital intelligence and created rift between the British and the Americans. This essay will look at the background of each member and how they joined the Soviet intelligence services, their operations and its impact in the world of espionage. In addition, this essay will evaluate the significance of each individual’s actions and how it affected intelligence services. Origin of Cambridge Five Cambridge Five refers to a spy ring which the members were all part of Cambridge University. It is unclear there were more than five men, regardless the five individuals are Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean, Kim Philby, Anthony Blunt and John Cairncross. They all attended Cambridge University between 1926 and 1934 studying in different disciplines with a strong belief in Communism. They were all good friends with each other with the exception of Cairncross who was never really part of the circle. The first of the Cambridge Five group and probably the most famous was Harold Adrian Russell Philby, also known as Kim codenamed Sohnchen, then Tom and Stanley. He was born...
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...Technology – Boon or Bane? Posted on August 25, 2011by Sumukh Naik Technology is one of the greatest invention of mankind.It is so powerful that it shapes our thinking and our way of life within no time.It is ever evolving.Technology is a tool invented and sharpened by humans to make their life easier.Those who know the correct application of technology, be it any sphere of activity, have managed to make lives easier for themselves and to some extent also for others. I feel the best technological breakthrough was the invention of computers which basically led to further advancement in technology viz the creation of many softwares and hardware. Technology has gifted mankind with various boons but look closely and you will realise that technology have blessed mankind with two very important aspects – facility of communication and creation of time. Creation of phone, fax, paging services, mobile services, video conferencing etc are few of the facilities that the human mind has been able to conceive with the aid of technology.All have played a very important part in making the world a ‘Global Village’. Technology has ensured that one can easily communicate with anyone on land, in air(aeroplanes) or even when the person is under the calm waves of dark deep-sea (submarines). But the Time Creation aspect of technology has now posed a challenge and threat which very few had ever thought of. Computers – They have evolved rapidly at the rate of knots. A few decades ago, a single...
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...Canadian International Council Strengthening the Non-Proliferation Regime: The Role of Coercive Sanctions Author(s): T. V. Paul Source: International Journal, Vol. 51, No. 3, Nuclear Politics (Summer, 1996), pp. 440-465 Published by: Canadian International Council Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40203123 Accessed: 30/11/2010 19:58 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=cic. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Canadian International Councilis collaborating...
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...Science and Technology Consider: * Science and its impact on society * Scientific developments & effect on man; environment etc. * The Sciences VS the Humanities * Science & Religion Definitions: * Science - study of nature and the knowledge we gain through observations and experiments * Scientific discovery - finding out about something about the existing workings of nature that was not known before * Technology - application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes (e.g. antibiotics and their uses) * Invention - newly created product/process Science today causes as many problems as it solves. * Horrible pervasions of science * E.g. Invention of poison gas (holocaust), war against Japan ended with the atomic bomb * Even when science is intended to benefit humans, unintended consequences could occur. * E.g. Rachel carson's silent spring (1963) awakened the world to the dangers of pollution * How science in the service of business can produce catastrophic results ; pesticides for farms -> Are we blinded by profit so much so we don't do not care about the environment? * *air pollution is the biggest cause of human deaths today Science, money and value * Science is very much subservient to business interest today -> values of those who seek fame and fortune creep into science: profit often determines the direction of science, influencing the choice of problem investigated by scientists ...
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...Unit Seven: Application 15.2 Judgment Calls March 21, 2011 Judgment Calls 1. A colleague, an amateur pilot, shows up at a critical meeting with some Japanese executives wearing a tie adorned with pictures of a P51D Mustang escorting a B-29 Superfortress (the Mustang is a World War II fighter and the Superfortress is the type of plane that dropped the atomic bombs on Japan at the end of World War II). If the colleague showed up before the meeting, the first thing would be to pull him to the side and explain to him that the tie he is wearing is not appropriate for a meeting with Japanese executives. I would further explain that in any type of meeting, especially critical ones, first impressions are very important. For the Japanese, casual attire is not appropriate for a business meeting. Men should wear dark conservative attire and according to their status and position, this will impress the Japanese. (Williams, 2008) If the colleague shows up during the meeting I would immediately apologize to the Japanese for the attire that my colleague is wearing and that by no means is it meant to show any disrespect. In Japan apologizing is considered a virtue. This shows them that we are willing to take responsibility and avoid blaming others for any mistakes that we make either purposely or unwittingly. When apologizing I will be bowing deeply to show that I am really very sorry. (Abe, 2011) To summarize, none of the scenarios should have happened if I had done my due diligence...
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...Korean War Korean War The Korean War (25 June 1950 - armistice signed 27 July 1953[1] ) was a military conflict between the Republic of Korea, supported by the United Nations, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China (PRC), with military material aid from the Soviet Union. The war was a result of the physical division of Korea by an agreement of the victorious Allies at the conclusion of the Pacific War at the end of World War II. The Korean peninsula was ruled by Japan from 1910 until the end of World War II. Following the surrender of Japan in 1945, American administrators divided the peninsula along the 38th Parallel, with United States troops occupying the southern part and Soviet troops occupying the northern part.[2] The failure to hold free elections throughout the Korean Peninsula in 1948 deepened the division between the two sides, and the North established a Communist government. The 38th Parallel increasingly became a political border between the two Koreas. Although reunification negotiations continued in the months preceding the war, tension intensified. Cross-border skirmishes and raids at the 38th Parallel persisted. The situation escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces invaded South Korea on 25 June 1950.[3] It was the first significant armed conflict of the Cold War.[4] The United Nations, particularly the United States, came to the aid of South Korea in repelling the invasion. A...
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