...THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY WHAT IS BIOLOGY? Literally means “study of life” The science that deals with structures, functions, and relationship of living things and their environment. A broad science that can be studied in various levels – molecular, cellular, organismal, population, community, or ecosystem BASIC STRUCTURE OF SCIENCE Biology has evolved as a field of science since it was first studied in ancient civilizations Science is a process that requires the testing of ideas using evidence gathered from the natural world. Science is iterative in nature and involves critical thinking, careful data collection, rigorous peer review, and the communication of results. Science also refers to the body of knowledge produced by scientific investigation. SCIENTIFIC METHOD Refers to the working habits of practicing scientist. Involves rigorous application of common sense to the study and analysis of data. Refers to the model for research developed by Francis Bacon (15611626) SCIENTIFIC METHOD a. Observations - lead to questions that require answers. b. Hypothesis - a testable statement proposed to answer a question. c. Experiments - (often with controls and variables) are devised to test hypotheses. d. Analysis of the results of an experiment will lead to the hypothesis being accepted or rejected. SCIENTIFIC REASONING Inductive Reasoning from specific observations to broader generalization & theories. “bottom-up”...
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...when discussing about living and non-living things. They are mostly specific on living things such as cellular organization, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, response to stimuli, growth and development and adaption through evolution. Things which have these characteristics are called as living things and things which haven’t are called as non-living things. On certain occasions we can identify living things that miss one or several characteristics from the list. For an example trees don’t show direct movements, just only the growth movements, neurons don’t reproduce, the animals that have non sexual reproductive system and the trees which are reproduced by propagation don’t show adaptations or evolutions. Importantly, some non-living things too show one or several characteristics that defines life. For an example if we think about computer it’s a logical machine, it consumes electricity. So it shows metabolism, it control its’ temperature. That’s homeostasis. It responses to stimuli. Every day its’ storage memory grows bigger. So it shows the growth. If we think about a vehicle it shows clear movements, it needs fuel to run. So that’s metabolism. While driving wheels turn where ever we turn the steering wheel. So that’s a response to stimuli. When we think about sun via nuclear reactions it gains energy. That’s metabolism. Consider about water, it floats; actually a movement. So it’s a living characteristic. 2. Snail is a living organism while a rock...
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...Merth Undefined sample was found on a new planet called Merth. New sample from that new planet shows characteristics of life. This living thing is made up of units called cells. Other characteristics of life is reproduction, have DNA, grow and develop. Also living things obtain and use materials and energy, respond to their environment, maintain a stable internal environment and change over time. In order for a sample to be a living thing it needs to have those characteristics of life. Since the sample have those characteristics of live it can be classified and a living thing. One of eight characteristics of live is that is shows evidence of cellular organization. The sample dose shows evidence of cellular organization. In the sample there is vacuole which store material such as water salts and proteins. Other organelle is cell membrane which regulate what enters and leaves the cell. Also the living organelle is multicellular...
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...Characteristics of Living Things Objective: 1. Identify the characteristics of living things. 1. Living things are highly organized, from the smallest part to the largest. On the chemical level: atoms make up elements. Each element has a specific number of electrons that orbit the nucleus. In the center of the element, the nucleus has protons and neutrons. The number of protons in an element is always equal to the number the electrons. The number of neutrons may vary to make isotopes of that element. Elements come together to give up, accept or equally share electrons to make molecules. The smallest part of an organism is a cell. Some single-celled organisms are free-living and contain structures, called organelles that allow them to be self-sufficient. More complex organisms are multicellular. In the case of a human, cells are organized into tissues. These have a common function like a muscle. Tissues are organized into organs like the heart. Organs are organized into organ systems, like the cardiovascular system. Organ systems functioning together make up a living organism. A population is an organization of more than one individual. This is generally all of one species in a particular area. We could talk about the population of squirrels in our area or dogs or cats. Enlarging our view, next comes a community. An example of a community is the town or place we live. A more accurate biological description would include all the living things in that area. A community is composed...
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...Subject: Nature of Living things/ Cellular Reproduction Teacher: Ms. Raines and Ms. Pass Date: 02-12-11 Essential Question: What are some characteristics that make up a living thing, how can you identify if something is living or nonliving? Standard: S5l3. Students will diagram and label parts of various cells (plant, animal, single-celled, multi-celled) a. Use magnifiers such as microscopes or hand lenses to observe cells and their structure. b. Identify parts of a plant cell (membrane, wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplasts) and of an animal cell (membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus) and determine the function of the parts. c. Explain how cells in multi-celled organisms are similar and different in structure and function to single-celled organisms. Objective: Student will be able to identify the parts of an animal and plant cell and will also be able to discuss the five major characteristics of a living thing. Lesson Agenda Warm- Up: Exercise routine along with a song.: I WILL DO THIS Mini Interactive Lesson: Basic Parts of a Plant Cell word search and PowerPoint Presentation: I WILL DO THIS Independent Work: Worksheet that requires color coordinating various parts in labeling the animal cell.: I WILL DO THIS Small Group work: In groups of three the students will develop a creative writing including the parts of a cell.: YOU WILL DO THIS….Just basically come up with a worksheet or a small group assignment that the students can work together on in groups...
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...testing each theory, the approximate date they experimented with the theory, and a sentence or two to describe the theory. Bioenergetics: Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier Late 18th century Chemistry of Life was placed in a context of a larger understanding of chemistry and energetic. Biological classification: Carolus Linneaus late 18th century Organisms are classified according to their similarities and differences. Cells: Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann beginning of the 17th century All organisms are made of cells and all cells are made of preexisting cells. Ecosystems: no identifiable parent but a group of people- 20th century Organisms interact with each other and other things in their environment and changes in their environment change other things as well. Everything works together to keep that environment going right. Evolution by natural selection: Charles Darwin- mid 19th century Species are able to evolve over time and only the strongest will be able to do so. The strongest of the species is the one that continues to live and produce offspring while the weaker ones don’t get the mates and die off getting rid of that “bad gene” Homeostasis: Claude Bernard mid 19th century Organisms function best when they have a stable internal environment despite the varying external environment. Inheritance: Gregor Mendel-...
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...Introduction to Personality Introduction to Personality As organisms are born there are certain characteristics that make them unique and different from any other organism. These characteristics are what make their personalities. The personality is an inner part of the organism it comes from within the organism and is not so much developed from the environment. As the organism develops and grows into themselves these characteristic s continue to surface in the organisms life because it stays consistent with whom the organism is as a whole. The behavior is different for the organism than ‘any other organism that may be classified in the same group of life. The definition of personality is the behavior, characteristic patterns and the thoughts of the organism(Hall, 1957). As the organism begins to mature in age these patterns continue throughout the life of the organism(Feist & Feist, 2009). In order to recognize the behavior; or personality of an individual you would have to observe those behavior that remain consistent throughout their life. Personality is demonstrated in any living organism not just human beings anything that is living that has a will. The will in the living organism is where the organism decided in their response to any giving situation in life. All of the living organism also act off of their personalities when needed and none of the personalities are the same and do not have the same actions (Hall, 1957).You can tell how a person...
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...What Is a Living Thing? Living things are systems or organisms that tend to respond to changes in their environment and inside themselves, in such a way as to promote their own continuation and longevity. These are the ones that have the ability to breathe or respire, can move or navigate and consequently have the ability to multiply. These living things include human beings, plants, insects, animals among others. A living thing is defined as using all of these qualities: movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, and nutrition. Only living things, and all living things, have these functions. A living thing is any organism that displays all the characteristics of life. These include being able to grow and use energy. They must also consist of at least one cell. You can find more information here: Theme #1 - Cells All living things are composed of one or more cells. Different types of cells have different "jobs" within the organism. Each life form begins from one cell, which then will split. These cells split, and so on. After this has happened several times, differentiation is undergone, when the cells change so that they are not the same thing anymore. Then they are used to begin to put together the final organism, some cells, for example, as the eyes, some as the heart, etc. The only arguable exception to this is viruses. They are not composed of cells, but are said to be "living." Theme#2 - Organization Complex organization patterns...
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...A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria. Life is the property or the quality that distinguishes living organisms from dead organisms and inanimate matter and possessing the following properties ·Metabolism - all life forms on earth have metabolism. ·Organic matter - all life forms on earth are made of organic molecules. This is probably not a must have property. ·Brain - in order to increase the odds of survival, certain forms of life have brains (like most of the people). Yet this is not a must have property. ·Replication - life forms must replicate in order to increase its numbers and survive. Are viruses alive? Explain why you think viruses are alive or not. 1.Are...
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...4.1 Answers Remembering 1 Helps you find what you want. 2 Types, subject and author. Understanding 3 a Function of item b Service it provides c Season or popularity d Year the car was made or the model (type) of car e Genre 4 Similarities: Branching and dichotomous keys start with one large group and slowly divides into smaller more defined groups. Each division is a choice. Differences: Branching keys offer two or more divisions at each branch, whereas dichotomous keys have only two choices at each branch. Applying 5 a beetle b butterfly c grasshopper d mosquito e rhino beetle f termite solider Analysing 6 a Herman b Ken c Eugene d Louisa e Jane 7 Xero 8 Student responses will vary. [pic] Evaluating 9 Student responses will vary. Creating 10 Student responses will vary. a How are all the lollies at the cinema different? b Why are boys’ names different? 11 Student responses will vary. [pic] 12 Student responses will vary. 13 Student responses will vary. 14 Student responses will vary. An example follows: 1 a short Chris b not short Go to 2 2 a male Ro b not male Go to 3 3 a brunette Marg b not brunette Jacinta 15 Student responses will vary. 16 Student responses will vary. Examples follow: a [pic] b 1 a Lives in water ...
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...have to work nor make money. Adam and Eve were naked but they were shameless. Adam and Eve did not have much to worry about. In the year 2001, we are living in the garden that is embedded with various scientific stuffs. Let’s just take a look at my life. Few years ago, I used the typewriter to write papers. Now, I am using a computer to write the paper. In the morning, the alarm clock wakes me up. I turn on the faucet to get water to brush my teeth. I pour out already brewed coffee from programmed coffee maker. I drive a car to get to the places. I wash my cloth in washing machine and dry them in the dryer. I don’t wear eyeglasses anymore because I am wearing contact lenses. Furthermore, this winter break, I am planning to have Lasik operation to correct my vision permanently. Then, I could say goodbye to my contact lenses. This is the sketch of my life, but just a part. I am living in the garden with full of scientific devices that I could no longer live without. Wow. How did we get here from the Garden of Eden to the Garden of Science? What makes the world to become such a science oriented society? What drives human beings to seek scientific knowledge of the world? Since I am a Christian who confidently believes in God’s creation of the world according to the Bible. I believe that it is a natural characteristic of the human being to seek more knowledge. The desire for more knowledge...
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...describe the theory. Bioenergetics: Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, late 18th century, it’s the study of science that explains the energy used to operate life Biological classification: Carolus Linneaus, late 18th century, it’s the way living organisms are classified according to similarities and differences Cells: Matthias Schleiden & Theodor Schwann, beginning of the 17th century, all organisms are made up of these tiny units that come from preexisting cells and make up living organisms Ecosystems: discovered by a wide range of scientists, 20th century, this is where organisms interact with other organisms in their environment and the changes they experience while in this environment Evolution by natural selection: Charles Darwin, , the theory that species change or evolve over time Homeostasis: Claude Bernard, mid-19th century, the theory that organisms tolerate widely varying external conditions by maintaining stable conditions internally Inheritance: Gregor Mendel, early 20th century, the traits offspring get from their parents and how it happens What Are the Characteristics of a Living Organism Ten characteristics distinguish an object or thing from an actual living organism. All 10 characteristics must be present...
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...reject it; 3 Controlled experiment when all variables should be kept uncharged, the independent variable is deliberately changed, the dependent variable the is observed and that changes in response to the independent variable, and the control group is exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except for the on independent variable; 4 Observation and analysis of data, the data the scientist make detailed records of experimental observation, gathering information. 4. What is life? Life is cellular. 5. What are the characteristic of the living things? Living things are made of cells. Living things obtain and use energy. Living things grow and develop. Living things reproduce. Living things respond to their environment. Living things adapt to their environment. 6. What are the three points of the cell theory states? All living thing are made up of cell, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells. 7. What are the two kinds of cells? Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes. 8. Look at the chard: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Nucleus They have DNA Inside the nucleus Inside their cytoplasm Organelles They have Side 1-5µ 10- 100µ Cell Wall Only on the plants cells 9. What are the types of the biomolecules? Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids and Protein . 10....
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...Assignment 3 Part 1 1. Viruses are both living and non-living as they share characteristics of both. A major non-living characteristic is that viruses do not have cells and cannot reproduce on its own. However, the virus can reproduce if it has a living host, which gives viruses their living characteristics. 2. Viruses cannot be grown agar as bacteria are because they cannot metabolize on their own. They need at least one host cell where it could input its DNA and infect it. After that, both those viruses would commence by infecting other living host cells. 3. Antibiotics work to get rid of the replicating function of bacteria so it cannot spread. However, viruses cannot replicate on their own unless they have living hosts, therefore since the viruses do not replicate, the antibiotics have no use. 4. Viral specificity means that the virus chooses and selects the type of cell, organism to infect and which disease to invoke onto it. 5. a) A-Virus, B-Cell DNA, C-Cell/Cell Membrane, D- Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA) b) Bacteriophage Life Cycle c) I believe it doesn’t matter what they infect, as they are non-living and as long as they find some kind of living host, they’ll inject their nucleic acid to replicate into many more viruses. 6. Antibiotics literally will have no effect and will not cure the patient. All that the patient will gain are the side effects, for example: drowsiness and such. They will not get cured, as their problem is that viruses...
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...1) How is the human person’s knowledge of things related to the worship of God? Answer in light of both Pieper and Balthasar. At the core of both Pieper and Balthasar’s reasoning lies the notion that there is an inherent quality within all that is considered being. This inherent quality is referred to as truth. As Pieper states, “things are true because of their essential reality of being. Regardless of whether one is religious, or believes in God, or has any proclivity towards matters of belief, a person can intellectually deduce and know the following axiom alluded to above: “a thing cannot have being without equally having truth.” Because the aforementioned axiom is knowable by the human mind, Pieper states, “every being, as being, stands in relation to a knowing mind.” Thus, humans are able to know beings, to know things, of both an animate as well as inanimate nature. This point is critical, as it implies there is a connection between the human mind and things through an intelligible process. On the surface, the concept of truth affirms that there is something special present in the existence of a given thing. However, upon further review, this truth is in fact indicative of God, the One who has created and creates all things. The privilege of being the creator of some object is that the creator will know that object far better than an object not created by them. As an example, an auto mechanic will know the car he built far better than the car he did not build. In...
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