...Cultural Context of IHRM Intercultural Management Studies Our world is filled with many different and unique countries, all with their own customs and cultures. In International Human Resources Management, it is the IHRM Department’s job to educate any expatriate about the foreign country they will be moving too. The main reason to do this is preventing cultural shock causing a smoother transition for the expatriate. Culture can be defined as “the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group, place, or time” or is a more business related sense “a way of thinking, behaving, or working that exists in a place or organization.” Throughout the years there have been many intercultural management studies and there are four most widely accepted theories: The Hofstede study, The GLOBE study, The Trompenaars & Hampden-Turner study, and Hall & Hall’s cultural dimensions. These studies broke down cultures and behaviors around the world and are valued resources for IHRM departments. First, there is the Hofstede study. Geert Hofstede was a professor who conducted an extremely comprehensive study of how different cultures place value in the workplace. It was Hofstede who first made an empirical model and had different dimensions of national culture. These dimensions were: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, femininity vs. masculinity, individualism vs. collectivism, and long-term orientation. Each different country would get scores in each section and from...
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...Comparative Country Studies Country Factbook Comparing the IT industries of Ireland and Portugal Instructor: Mr. Ritsema Date: 12.03.2015 Group 2.03 Niklas Binter S2555611 Josef Richarz S2535688 Table of Content: 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 2.1 Prime Theories and Approaches 3.2.1 Hofstede´s model of national culture 3.2.2 Porter´s diamond 3.2.3 Porter´s five forces of competition 3.2.4 The PESTEL framework 3.2.5 National Innovation Systems 3.2.6 Varieties of Capitalism Framework 2.2 Data Collection 3. The IT Industry 3.1. Description of the IT-Industry 4. Country Comparison 4.1 Macro- Level Indicators 4.1.1 Geographic Indicators 4.1.2 Demographic Indicators 4.1.3 Macro- Economic Indicators 4.2 Historical Developments relevant to the IT industry 4.3 Socio Cultural Conditions 4.3.1 Cultural Systems 4.3.2 Level of Education 4.3.3 Labor Market Regulations 4.3.4 Protectionism of Intellectual Property 4.3.5 Tax Regulations 4.4 Market/ Industry Conditions 4.4.1 Bargaining Power of Buyers and Subsidiaries 4.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 4.4.3 Threats of New Entrants 4.4.4 Competitive Rivalry 4.5 Other Contextual Conditions 4.5.1 Related and Supporting Industries 5. Major Findings of Comparison 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Trends 5.3 Recommendation 1. Introduction In general, factbooks are conducted by...
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...is a lot to know about how this country interprets gestures, how they perceive Americans and the best ways to conduct business that will impress them. There are some formalities and policies we may not be aware of in the US. They are important to know in order to conduct successful business in Brazil. Relationship building is key, along with formal attitude and attire and always showing professionalism. Brazil is quite different from the US, so remembering and practicing all of the following will help to insure your business will be successful in Brazil. One important aspect to understand when conducting business with Brazil is their negotiations. In Brazil, business is negotiated in a way that shows Brazilians expect things to go “their way.” This is because they do not have a lot of experience negotiating with other countries. However, younger generations may be more flexible in this aspect. (Global Negotiation Resources) Brazilians also do not like loud and boisterous behavior or anyone who acts rude or impatient towards them. No matter how enthusiastic or heated a discussion may get, theses emotions should never be shown. When initiating contact with a Brazilian, choosing to use a local intermediary, or despachante, is highly recommeneded. This will help create a connection between US and Brazilian culture and business will be more effective. (Global Negotiation Resources) It is also a good idea to negotiate in Brazil with a team of negotiators. This will...
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...include understanding one’s host country environment, being sensitive to cross-cultural differences and being able to manage operations separated by the barriers of distance, language, time, and culture. By focusing and comprehending these topics, individuals and firms will help future international business economically and politically between countries. There are multiple countries and regions that practice international business. I will discuss several regions and islands within the Atlantic Ocean, and its emphasis on international business. There are several islands located throughout the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the large islands, such as such as the British Isles, Greenland, Newfoundland, and the main islands of the Greater Antilles, were once connected with the continents. Other islands, especially those far out at sea, were formed by successive eruptions of volcanic material far below the water's surface. Examples of such islands in the North Atlantic Ocean are the Faeroe Islands, the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands, and Sao Tome. Islands of the South Atlantic include St. Helena, Ascension Islands, Saint Peter, Tierra del Fuego, and many more. Since there are so many islands located in the Atlantic Ocean, I will only discuss three of the primary islands which are Azores, Madeira, and Canary Islands. Azores is a chain of nine volcanic islands located near Portugal. The Azores Islands have a subtropical climate with high humidity and often...
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...of Economics and Management, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal b Graduate School of Management, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel Received 1 March 2006; received in revised form 1 August 2006; accepted 1 October 2006 Abstract Growth of research addressing the relationship between culture and consumption is exponential [Ogden D., Ogden J. and Schau HJ. Exploring the impact of culture and acculturation on consumer purchase decisions: toward a microcultural perspective. Academy Marketing Science Review 2004;3.]. However culture is an elusive concept posing considerable difficulties for cross-cultural research [Clark T. International Marketing and national character: A review and proposal for an integrative theory. Journal of Marketing 1990; Oct.: 66–79.; Dawar N., Parker P. and Price L. A cross-cultural study of interpersonal information exchange. Journal of International Business Studies 1996; 27(3): 497–516.; Manrai L. and Manrai A. Current issues in the cross-cultural and cross-national consumer research. Journal of International Consumer Marketing 1996; 8 (3/4): 9–22.; McCort D. and Malhotra NK. Culture and consumer behavior: Toward an understanding of cross-cultural consumer behavior in International Marketing. Journal of International Consumer Marketing 1993; 6 (2): 91–127.; Nasif EG., Al-Daeaj H., Ebrahimi B. and Thibodeaux M. Methodological problems in cross-cultural research: An updated review. Management International Review 1991; 31...
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...School of Economics and Management, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal b Graduate School of Management, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel Received 1 March 2006; received in revised form 1 August 2006; accepted 1 October 2006 Abstract Growth of research addressing the relationship between culture and consumption is exponential [Ogden D., Ogden J. and Schau HJ. Exploring the impact of culture and acculturation on consumer purchase decisions: toward a microcultural perspective. Academy Marketing Science Review 2004;3.]. However culture is an elusive concept posing considerable difficulties for cross-cultural research [Clark T. International Marketing and national character: A review and proposal for an integrative theory. Journal of Marketing 1990; Oct.: 66–79.; Dawar N., Parker P. and Price L. A cross-cultural study of interpersonal information exchange. Journal of International Business Studies 1996; 27(3): 497–516.; Manrai L. and Manrai A. Current issues in the cross-cultural and cross-national consumer research. Journal of International Consumer Marketing 1996; 8 (3/4): 9–22.; McCort D. and Malhotra NK. Culture and consumer behavior: Toward an understanding of cross-cultural consumer behavior in International Marketing. Journal of International Consumer Marketing 1993; 6 (2): 91–127.; Nasif EG., Al-Daeaj H., Ebrahimi B. and Thibodeaux M. Methodological problems in cross-cultural research: An updated review. Management International Review 1991; 31 (1):...
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...2011204 Email: carl.mascarenhas11@gim.ac.in * Chandrakant Pandey – 2011205 Email: chandrakant.pandey11@gim.ac.in * Chris Gurjao – 2011206 Email: chris.gurjao11@gim.ac.in * Deepa Arora – 2011207 Email: deepa.arora11@gim.ac.in * Dheeraj Pershad – 2011208 Email: dheeraj.pershad11@gim.ac.in “ If passion drives you, let reason hold the reins “ – Benjamin Franklin Abstract:– Azulejo (pronounced azu’lezu) is a Portuguese or Spanish hand painted tile. They have been a staple in Portuguese culture for the last five centuries and the tradition of their production and use is highly prevalent in Portuguese colonies the world over. In Portugal, azulejos1 are found on the interior and exterior of churches, palaces, ordinary houses and even train stations or subway stations. They constitute a major aspect of Portuguese architecture and are applied on walls, floors and even ceilings. Having said that, the Portuguese colonisation of Goa has left a major impact on the culture and the lifestyle transcending generations, fads and modern western influences. When the Portuguese left Goa after Liberation2 in 1961 the art form was completely abolished and then revived in Goa in 1998 by a few Goan artists. Turi Azulejos is the brainchild of Shankar Turi who participated in the revival of the azulejo in 1998 initially with a production centre in Goa Velha3 and then later opened up a second in Bicholim4. Through the nurturing of budding talent, a flair for creativity...
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...a. Introduction i. Culture is mainly an unspoken, nonverbal phenomenon because most aspects of one’s culture are learned through observation and imitation rather than by explicit verbal instruction ii. \nonverbal communication is composed of both biologically determined and cultural-specific components iii. Nonverbal messages serve a variety of functions 1. Culture shapes display rules of when, how, what, and with whom certain nonverbal expressions should be revealed or repressed b. Nonverbal codes iv. Physical appearance 2. Relatively stable physical features of human beings such as gender, height, weight, skin color and body 3. Strategic use of artifacts associated with one’s physical appearance like clothing, jewelry, make-up, hairstyles, and accessories 4. Race and culture have an effect of facial recognition a. Cross-race effect v. Proxemics 5. Cultures differ substantially with regard to their use of personal space, territory, and the meanings assigned vi. Chronemics 6. The study of the meanings, usage, and communication of time 7. Perceptions of time vary dramatically from culture to culture b. U.S. – time is a commodity c. Middle East and Latin America - Historical context important before addressing the present d. Asians – a relational issue rather than...
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...Pushing the Edge – New technologies and new techniques Title: Humanized Urbanism - [Human behavior in public spaces in a contemporary city] - A action methodology Abstract As a social being, human being interacts with everything around him, promoting exchanges between various objects that surround it and a range of environments that populate their feelings, cognitions and expectations. Human being houses in the entire world are a reflection of socio-cultural values of time and region. When human being builds houses, builds a physical and a psychological environment. However, the built environment is becoming increasingly inappropriate to the context of life. Population density, degeneration of the central areas, pollution and disposal are some of the environmental stresses to which the urban human is subject. To understand an environment, it is essential to understand the people who inhabit it, with all its cultural, social, economic and psychological factors. Architects should be aware of the individual’s social and cultural sphere. Their performances contribute to solidify the architectural foundation and allow the approaching to a more appropriate response. It’s essential to the cities understanding and behaviors factors that individuals have in relation to these spaces, leading to the creation of new meeting and entertainment places for people, revitalizing the concept of enjoying the historical places, submitting economic and social handling and influence changes in the...
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...of more popular topics such as slavery is the contributions from other nations that aided the continents development. Who would have known that places and people that were once irrelevant to the continent of Africa would have such an amazing impact on it? The British and Portuguese have had a tremendous impact on many things and the development of Africa. The things the Portuguese brought to Africa, mainly West Africa, consisted of the negative and positive things including culture, religion, cultivation, and slavery. British also had a significant role in many parts of the developing Africa. It seems as if the Portuguese had more of an effect on Africa than Britain did. The reason that the Portuguese had such an impact on Africa in the aspect of culture because of language, instruments, music, and dances. They are the reason why a lot of the African colonies speak Portuguese as their official language. Africans adopted the flute, clarinet, guitar, violin, cello, accordion, tambourine, and piano from the Portuguese. When the Portuguese arrived in Africa, they also brought the tradition of familiar rhythms, including the polka, the waltz, and the march, creating an entirely new kind of music in West Africa (Nosotro 1). I believe the most important tradition passed onto the Africans by the Portuguese was the religion of Christianity. Before the Portuguese most Africans didn’t practice a religion and they were killing each other off by cannibalism, murdering twins, and witchcraft...
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...Tiffany Bevil Topics in Cultural Studies: HUMA215 - 1304A - 04 Unit 2 Individual Project Michael Polich American InterContinental University Online October 21, 2013 Romance is the native language of Europe that I chose to discuss. The term ”Romance” come from the Vulgar Latin adverb romanice, comes from Romanicus as an example the expression romanice loqui, “to speaking roman, that is the Latin Vernacular as well as with latine loqui, to speak in Latin that is Medival Latin and with Barbarice loqui this is to speak in Barbarian a non- Latin language from the people living outside the Roman Empire. The word Romance novel and love affair, Popular Tales that focused on Love in the medieval literature of Western Europe were composed in the vernacular and come to be called romances. The origins of romance languages are the continuation of Vular Latin. It was spoken by the soldiers, settlers, and merchants of the Roman Empire. The expansion of the Empire between 350 BC and AD 150, made Latin the dominant native language in the Continental Western Europe with its administrative and educational policies. Latin has a strong influence in Southeastern Britain; the Roman province of Africa and the Balkans north of the Jirecek Line. The Empire decline and after it was destroyed in the fifth century. Several types of Latin began to spread within each local area at a fast rate and developed into a continuum of recognizably different...
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...continue to be around for many to come. In the following ethical and cultural views will be examined, social responsibilities and how the stakeholders make unanimous agreements among the organization. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established in 1949. In fact, the Alliance’s creation was part of a broader effort to serve three main purposes: deterring expansion of the Soviet Union, forbidding the revival of nationalist militarism in Europe through a strong North American presence on the continent, and to encourage integration of European politics. (NATO.int, 2014) NATO consists of 28 countries. When the organization originally started in 1949 it consisted of 12 founding members of the Alliance: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States. After many years these countries joined as well: Greece and Turkey (1952), Germany (1955), Spain (1982), the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland (1999), Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia (2004), and Albania and Croatia (2009). (NATO.int, 2014) NATO is a political and military organization. The political aspect promotes democratic views and encourages cooperation on security and defense issues to prevent conflict and build trust in the process. The military aspect is committed to peaceful solutions to disputes. NATO has many cultural and ethical issues that...
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...Religious activities around the worldReligions by country Africa[show]Algeria · Nigeria · Sudan · Ethiopia · Seychelles Uganda · Zambia · Kenya · South Africa Asia[show]Afghanistan · Pakistan · India Nepal · Sri Lanka · Vietnam China · Hong Kong · Macau · Taiwan North Korea · South Korea · Japan Malaysia · Singapore · Philippines · Thailand Europe[show]Iceland · Ireland · United Kingdom Portugal · Spain · Italy · France Netherlands · Belgium · Germany Switzerland · Luxembourg · Austria Denmark · Sweden · Norway · Finland Poland · Latvia · Lithuania · Moldova · Russia Albania · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Croatia Macedonia · Montenegro · Serbia · Slovenia Bulgaria · Romania · Greece · Cyprus Malta Middle East[show]Egypt · Israel · Lebanon Jordan · Armenia · Azerbaijan Iran · Iraq · Syria · Cyprus · Turkey North America[show] Canada · United States · Mexico Cuba · Haiti · Dominican Republic Trinidad and Tobago · Nicaragua Oceania[show]Indonesia · Papua New Guinea Australia · New Zealand · Fiji South America[show]Uruguay · Argentina · Chile · Colombia · Peru Bolivia · Brazil · Paraguay Religion Portal v · t · e Part of a series on Spirituality Outline Religion[show]History · Timeline Traditional[show]Christian (Catholic) · Mysticism Modern[show]"Spiritual but not religious"SyncretismNew religious movement Practices[show]Spiritual practiceReligious experienceEsotericism Influences Western[show]Proto-Indo-European...
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...Journal of Business Ethics (2007) 75:273–284 DOI 10.1007/s10551-006-9252-9 Ó Springer 2007 Cultural Values and International Differences Bert Scholtens Lammertjan Dam in Business Ethics ABSTRACT. We analyze ethical policies of firms in industrialized countries and try to find out whether culture is a factor that plays a significant role in explaining country differences. We look into the firm’s human rights policy, its governance of bribery and corruption, and the comprehensiveness, implementation and communication of its codes of ethics. We use a dataset on ethical policies of almost 2,700 firms in 24 countries. We find that there are significant differences among ethical policies of firms headquartered in different countries. When we associate these ethical policies with Hofstede’s cultural indicators, we find that individualism and uncertainty avoidance are positively associated with a firm’s ethical policies, whereas masculinity and power distance are negatively related to these policies. KEYWORDS: business ethics, codes of ethics, cultural values JEL: G300, L210, M140 Introduction Are there differences with respect to the ethical policies of firms that are headquartered in different countries? And are there differences among firms that belong to different industries? Chryssides and Bert Scholtens received his Ph.D. at the Universtiy of Amsterdam. Since 1999 he has been working at the Department of Finance of the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. His research...
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...Why Futbol? Internationally, fútbol is the largest and most beloved source of entertainment. Seemingly, this round balled game is broadcasted on every square inch of the globe. No sporting event or entertainment quite draws as much attention as futbol matches do. In every continent, country, and nearly every city, we can find some mark of the game. But, why do so many relate to and passionately care about this ball being kicked across a 120yard field? For the majority of the world, it infiltrates their every facet of culture. It's more than just a game. For the fans and spectators, it's a way of life; for the global economy, it's a multibillion dollar industry and revenue stream. Nothing brings more people together under one unanimous vision like futbol. No where else can one find seventythousand screaming fans in one place. For ninety minutes straight, these fans chant and root for their favorite club to even score one goal. But so many times, the matches end scoreless. At any given time, there are 100+ professional matches around the world with stadium filled crowds giving their all for their team (Shaughnessy). From the English Premiership to the US MLS, this game is larger than life...everywhere. Futbol is so globally popular because of its simplicity and accessibility. The name says it all a game that is played primarily with one’s feet. Although there is plenty of strategy and skill, the game is very simple to learn and play. It doesn’t take much ...
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