...Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD’s) are disabilities that affect social and communication skills, and cause behavioural changes (CDC, 2012). There are three types of ASD’s; Asperger Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, and Autistic disorder (autism). Autistic disorder will be the focus of this study (CDC, 2012). Children develop autism before the age of three years and struggle with it throughout their lives (CDC, 2012). “Autism creates many challenges in the child’s life and it negatively impacts; intellectual disabilities, language delays, social and communication difficulties and unexpected behaviour and interests” (CDC, 2012). Autism does not segregate between racial and ethnic groups, nor does it relate to socioeconomic status; however it has been proven to occur more often in males than in females (CDC, 2012). Over the past decade there has been a significant increase in the number of autistic diagnoses (CDC, 2012). Evidence has shown that the development of autism occurs during the pregnancy phase (Schmidt, 2011); which leads this study to analyze the association between intake of iron, and zinc during pregnancy and preventing autism in the offspring. Specific Aims The proposed study will be focused on whether women who take iron and zinc supplements during the three trimesters of the pregnancy will reduce the risk of autism in their offspring. The goal of this study is to develop an association between vitamin exposures and the outcome of prevented...
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...Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD’s) are disabilities that affect social and communication skills, and cause behavioural changes (CDC, 2012). There are three types of ASD’s; Asperger Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, and Autistic disorder (autism). Autistic disorder will be the focus of this study (CDC, 2012). Children develop autism before the age of three years and struggle with it throughout their lives (CDC, 2012). “Autism creates many challenges in the child’s life and it negatively impacts; intellectual disabilities, language delays, social and communication difficulties and unexpected behaviour and interests” (CDC, 2012). Autism does not segregate between racial and ethnic groups, nor does it relate to socioeconomic status; however it has been proven to occur more often in males than in females (CDC, 2012). Over the past decade there has been a significant increase in the number of autistic diagnoses (CDC, 2012). Evidence has shown that the development of autism occurs during the pregnancy phase (Schmidt, 2011); which leads this study to analyze the association between intake of iron, and zinc during pregnancy and preventing autism in the offspring. Specific Aims The proposed study will be focused on whether women who take iron and zinc supplements during the three trimesters of the pregnancy will reduce the risk of autism in their offspring. The goal of this study is to develop an association between vitamin exposures and the outcome of prevented...
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...profession of arms a. The battle analysis methodology is a process for systematic study of a battle or campaign. b. This process takes the form of a checklist that ensures completeness in examining the critical aspects of the chosen subject. c. There are two forms of the Battle Analysis: Basic and Advanced. Both utilize the same four steps, but the Advanced is more complex and detailed. Also, the Advanced analyzes the strategic influences on the battle. 2. Format: The checklist is divided into four steps, each of which builds on the previous one(s) to provide a logical order for the study. a. The four steps are: (1) Define the Subject/Evaluate the sources. (2) Review the Setting (Set the Stage). (3) Describe the Action. (4) Assess the Significance of the Action. b. In the first step, you decide what battle you are going to study. In the next two, you gather the information necessary for a thorough and balanced study, and organize it in a logical manner to facilitate analysis. In the last step, you analyze the information to derive “lessons learned.” 3. Purpose: The battle analysis methodology is a guide to help ensure that important aspects of the study of a historical battle or campaign are not forgotten. It is not a rigid checklist that must be followed to the letter. You do not have to use every part of it in your study, but all of the elements of battle analysis...
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...ch3 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Maintaining goodwill within an organization can improve a firm's financial performance. True False 2. Goodwill is not important in government organizations. True False 3. More and more organizations are realizing that treating employees well is financially wise as well as ethically sound. True False 4. Goodwill is important externally but does not need to be considered when communicating with people within an organization. True False 5. The word "you" does not necessarily have to be included in a message that conveys the you-attitude. True False 6. Wordiness means having more words than the meaning of a message requires. True False 7. Wordiness helps to clarify a message by making it concise and easy to read. True False 8. Adding words to increase you-attitude or develop a reader benefit will make a sentence wordy. True False 9. The word "you" should be used in all business messages in order to convey the you-attitude. True False 10. Long sentences, by definition, are wordy. True False 11. Revisions to sentences in order to include the you-attitude should not change the basic meaning of the message. True False 12. To best convey the you-attitude, a company should refer to a customer's order generically as "Your order" since the customer already knows what he ordered. True False 13. A sentence that focuses on the communicator's...
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...UAA Case Study Subaru In the document “Outage at UAA: A Week Without Critical Information Systems” the Executive Summary describes that it is rare for a disk failure to result in an outage at a system level. The term “rare” is subjective and cannot be measured without measuring impact. Is it rare if it only occurs once every year? The answer depends on how much pain is inflicted on the organization when the event occurs. If an organization experiences once a year an enterprise wide service interruption that lasted between a day, then the organization would not consider it a rare occurrence. For those who are accountable to the service outage, they may explain the outage as the result of a rare occurrence to save their credibility (and perhaps their job). The impact resulting from disk failures at UAA had a harsh impact on the organization. Some organizations might not survive a similar outage. In the case of the University of Alaska at Anchorage, comprehending the potential causes and impact of an EVA failure before the fact would have led to better planning for the potential of an EVA failure. A BIA and subsequent BCP would have reduced the effect EVA outage on the entire UAA organization. To further comment on the perspective of a disk failure being rare please note that from an IT operations perspective, I reject the notion a disk failures are rare. Although a hard drive manufacturer may quote meat-time-between-failure (MTBF) in the thousands of hours, hard drive...
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...Operations Management Click for Skillsoft Module: The Who, What and Why of ISO 9000:2000 Click for Skillsoft Module: Six Sigma: Reducing Variation to Improve Quality List the types of graphical charts used in operations management. Flowchart, Check Sheet, Histogram, Pareto Chart, scatter diagrams, control charts, run charts, cause and effect diagrams Which charts are important in statistical process control (SPC)? Control Charts Describe the uses of functional flowcharts. Diagrams show steps in a process Describe the uses of histograms. Empirical Frequency distribution; shows the frequency of an occurrence of a variable Describe the uses of run charts. Used to track results over a period of time Describe the uses of control charts. used to track results over time Describe the issues management faces when implementing quality and incorporating improvements into daily operations. Lack of companywide definition of quality, lack of a strategic plan, lack of customer focus, poor intra-organizational communication, lack of employee empowerment, view of quality being a quick fix, emphasis on short-term financial results, inordinate presence of internal politics, lack of strong motivation, lack of of time devoted to quality initiatives, Lack of leadership Identify procedures that lead to process improvement. customer satisfaction, achieving higher quality, reducing waste, reducing cost, increasing productivity, and reducing processing time. List the...
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...When I was making my research for this question, I came across a number of very interesting and informative books and articles like Implementing an Anti-Bias Curriculum in Early Childhood Classrooms and Alike and Different: Exploring Our Humanity With Young Children. It was good to see that many resources but at the same time I felt uncomfortable as children as young as three years old (sometimes earlier) can apparently show bias, prejudice and discriminatory behaviour and attitudes. Now, answering the question let me describe a few effective strategies to challenge discriminatory comments from children. However, before I start I should say that when a child makes those comments towards another child, toward educator or towards a personage...
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...Social Biases Paper Psych 555 May 5, 2013 Dr. Anthony Social Biases Paper Bias is generally described as favoring thinking of particular way, or something to watch. Being biased means attitude of that person or behavior is particularly prejudice. The person may be aware of that he is bias. Social prejudices are a social problem, because a group is looking at another individual or group as the group feels that they are superior to others. The social interaction among some groups might have to create common biases. Social biases may be very harmful and can interfere with human interaction (Fiske, 2010). Define the concepts of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination Prejudice means feeling or having attitude towards members of a group, established solely on the basis of membership in this group. Stereotypes dealt with generalizations regarding others that usually cause display of others group predictable and typical characteristics. Discrimination means an act of a group or person against another group or person who is the prejudice subject. Stereotypes put people into groups having similar attributes or characteristics. Stereotypes have the ability to distort the perspective of a person. As soon as a stereotype becomes active, the features belong to the group, either positive or negative, they are easy to remember. Stereotypes can influence social judgments on how much a person loves another, and this behavior is normal. There was a time when because of the stereotyping...
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...List and discuss the barriers to effective communication that managers face. Include specific example of each barrier to support your answer. The barriers to effective communication that managers face that we have found are time, distractions, biases and tools. Time is priceless and should be managed wisely especially when it comes to management. Managers should know their own people in the organization. Managers have to run errand and have a huge responsibility not only for themselves but also to a lot of people they manage. As far as we are concerned, there are few hours in a working a day and days in a week for the people in a particular organization to be gathered in the same place. However, managers can barely find time to communicate effectively to every person in the organization including employees, colleagues, bosses and even customers due to their packed schedule. Next is distractions. In a workplace, it is impossible to find no distractions. Distractions can be in a various types. It can be the employees and customers, telephone calls, emergencies and even company’s crisis. These distractions pull the managers in many ways and directions which can be a barrier towards an effective communication with the targeted audiences. Besides, biases is also one of the barriers found. Managers are also human whom already have naturally developed a judgemental mind since small. So, it would be normal to hear about someone being bias towards a person. It’s just sometimes we may...
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...1. Describe the three components of and attitude and explain the four job-related attitudes. Cognitive: Our thoughts, beliefs, and ideas about something. When a human being is the object of an attitude, the cognitive component is frequently a stereotype. Affective: Feelings or emotions that something evokes. The person's emotions and affect towards the object. Behavioral: This component of attitude consists of a tendency of an individual to behave in a particular way towards and object. Only this component of attitude is visible as the other two can only be inferred. The behavioral component refers to that part of attitude which reflects the intension of a person in short run or in long run. •Employee Productivity: A performance measure of both efficiency and effectiveness Absenteeism: The failure to report to work when expected Turnover: The voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Discretionary behavior that is not a part of an employee’s formal job requirements, but which promotes the effective functioning of the organization. Job Satisfaction: The individual’s general attitude toward his or her job 2. Explain how an understanding of perception can help managers better understand individual behavior. Name three shortcuts used in judging others. Our perceptions in the workplace are biased by our experience, the culture, our education, and socialization. We tend to make assumptions and act on our...
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...category-based responses, which are directed towards other individuals (Fiske, 2010). Social biases can negatively affect an individual’s life, employment status, and outlook and quality of life. It is important to understand and research the many reasons why social biases are negative and how to conquer and modify one’s behavior to better prepare for the future. Define the concepts of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination According to Myers (2005), social biases are a typical occurrence in any type of group collaboration that involves negative evaluations of each group (Meyer, 2005). Many social psychologists frequently associate cognition to stereotype, affect to prejudice, and behavioral to discrimination. The first type of bias is stereotype, which is represented when an individual places personal beliefs on a particular group. Some examples of groups are whites, Muslims, homeless, and rich. Stereotypes are usually distorted and mislead information regarding certain types of groups. These stereotypes are based off of inaccurate and negative beliefs of how each group symbolize one’s lifestyle. According to...
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...Perception 1. Describe Jim’s self-concept. Jim is using a personal construct, or mental yardstick, to measure his intelligence and responsibility when he is discussing how he is performing in school (Wood, 2012). He compares himself to his father by claiming his father is brilliant and did not have any trouble in school versus himself who is struggling to pull C’s. Jim feels that no matter how hard he tries he will never be an A student because he is using a self-servicing bias that college is more difficult than when his father went to college and he has no control of the difficulty (Wood, 2012). Jim is attributing his grades to external forces, such as more difficult material, and believes that no matter how much studying he will not receive better grades. 2. Explain, using examples from the video and course concepts, how Jim’s self-concept impacted his interaction with his father. Was it positive or negative? Jim’s self-concept had a negative impact on his interaction with his father. Jim states that he does not know how to convince his parents that he is doing everything that he can do. Wood (2012) explains that perceiving another person as domineering can create a feeling of insecurity in ability to communicate. Jim could attribute his parent’s concern that he is spending too much time with friends and not enough time studying as domineering and may not feel comfortable explaining that he is doing the best that he can. Jim is using self-servicing bias in his communication by claiming...
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...Chapter 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Messages are more effective when they are A) forceful B) detailed C) short D) audience-centred Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 39 2) An audience-centred message will consider the audience's A) viewpoint B) background C) needs D) all of the above Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 39 3) Which of the following correctly lists the three-step writing process? A) planning, writing, completing B) planning, writing, sending C) planning, writing, designing the page D) planning, writing, revising Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 40 4) The first stage of the writing process includes A) writing the introduction B) C) establish common ground with the audience D) Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 40 editing for punctuation analyze audience members 5) The second stage of the writing process includes A) gathering information that will inform, persuade, or motivate your audience B) adapting your message to the audience's needs C) revising and rewriting until the message is clear and effective D) organizing your ideas and composing the first draft Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 40 6) When do you step back to review the content and organization for overall style, structure, and readability? A) planning B) completing C) revising D) writing Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 40 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education Canada 1 7) The planning stage should take about A) 10% of the time you have to produce...
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...T.E. Which is beneficial to teams Synergy T.E. which is a benefit of unit /team cohesion Increases group productivity T.E. which factors help promote a good physical environment? Personal space L.i.O. what leaders can do to improve team performance Articulate an appealing vision T.E. individual commitment to a team Can’t be forced T.E. teams must first accomplish Set goals and supporting people / The first step to becoming a successful team is to have a clear understanding of the team’s goals and mission L.T.S. Team leader quality most desirable Honesty L.i.O. Facilitates Self-managed team to perform more effectively Smaller teams and defined objectives Cog Ladder: “polite stage” group approval strong-group identity _______ Low Cogs ladder: transition from 3 stage to 4 stage Attitude change L.T.L.G.B.t.S. sorted out in early stages of team development Membership, purpose, and leadership L.T.L.G.B.t.S. difficult to respond to radical change Reforming L.T.L.G.B.t.S. monitors interpersonal dynamics is process________ Process facilitator W.t.O.i.a.G behaviors helps positive working relationships Gate keeping L.T.S. advantage of working in a team Extends available expertise I.U.C Which is beneficial to teams? Synergy I.U.C unit cohesion is direct result of goals T.D.M.a.C.M group dysfunctional point leading to premature consensus groupthink T.D.M.a.C.M 2 types of conflict: Cognitive and __________ mixed motive L.T.S Disruptive to a...
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...Understanding the Attitude In the essay “The Bias of Language and the Bias of Pictures” which appears in The Norton Mix, authors Neil Postman and Steve Powers evoke the attitude of suspicion. People form their attitudes primarily based on someone else’s perception versus their own. An attitude is what often guides people’s decisions. Postman and Powers discuss different levels of language and how both moving and still pictures may not be true representations of fact. Key indicators that they harbor suspicion about the media are obvious when they discuss recreations, how language operates and how words actually express meaning. During old historical movies, historical dates and events are told in a way to not only inform but to catch the viewers attention. Newscasters are similar. Instead of listing off facts, the reporter creates a story with the facts in it. That keeps the viewers from changing the station. “The job of an honest reporter is to try to find words and the appropriate tone in presenting them that will come close to evoking the event as possible” (par.3). Reporters today state facts in a way that they want the viewers to understand it. This is important to the readers because it shows how reporters use different words to describe a situation. Words show emotion and are filled with meaning. When a reporter is trying to keep the viewer interested, she may include words that trigger the mind to define an event, person or situation. For example, “Today congress ordered...
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