...Attractiveness and the Selection Process Individual Research Assignment Organizations have their own structured form of identifying and hiring individuals who have the right knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform a specific job at said organization; this is called the selection process or personnel selection (Langton & Stephen 2009). In a typical hiring situation, the decision maker needs to make an informed, prompt selection that suits the needs of the organization. Because of this, stereotypes, like facial attractiveness, have a major impact on these choices. (Desrumaux, De Bosscher, & Leoni 2009). Over the years attractiveness has become an important variable. When research was conducted on the affects of attractiveness the notion of the attractiveness stereotype was formed. This stereotype links physically attractive people to more desirable traits than that of unattractive people (Dickey-Bryant, Lautenschlager, Mendoza, & Abrahams 1986). It has also been noted that people who are considered attractive...
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...Demonstrative Communication Shanta Richards BCOM/275 February 24, 2014 Eric Belmar, Jr. Demonstrative Communication Abstract Demonstrative communication is a form of communication that includes nonverbal and unwritten means of communication. There is body language, tone of voice, eye contact, and facial expression. Demonstrative communication helps to reach and bond others those whom don’t speak the same language or from a different culture. This paper will review effectiveness ineffectiveness, positive and negative of nonverbal communication. The listening and responding of demonstrative communication. Demonstrative Communication Demonstrative communication (DC) is a form of communication that includes nonverbal and unwritten communication between a sender and a receiver. There are roughly 6,800 languages in the world, with people communicating using more than words. According to Manero, 2014 “It is estimated that only seven percent of communication is composed of words, 38 percent is tone of voice, while 55 percent is physiology. This 93 percent is known as demonstrative communication, or nonverbal communication.” DC is the major part of advertising with the key being the emotions of the receiver. The influence of advertising in our nation is universal and elusive. Take Weight Watchers it shows famous individuals whom were plus size that reduce their size...
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...it relates the research of Argyle (1988), Archer (1997), et al. Adler (2011) defines nonverbal communication as messages expressed through non-linguistic means. Research has shown that in communication, the verbal content only is only responsible for 7% of the message, while vocal cues such as pitch and intonation account for 38%, and facial expression an overwhelming 55% (Mehrabian, 1968). Nonverbal communication can be performed through facial expressions, proximity, and body movements. Argyle (1988) describes the five primary functions of Nonverbal Behavior – 1) Expression of Emotion, 2) Communication of Interpersonal Attitudes, 3) Accompany and Support Speech, 4) Self-Presentation, 5) Rituals. In the movie Outsourced (2006), examples of each of these functions of nonverbal behavior are observed. The face plays a particularly important role in showing emotion. Ekman (1982) classified facial expressions of emotion into six categories: happiness, surprise, fear, sadness, anger, and disgust/contempt. Throughout the movie Outsourced (2006) emotions were expressed by the characters through their facial expressions, body movements, and voice. Early in the movie, Todd visits the Indian...
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...society practising monogamy E.g Mesopotamia, Romans and modern christians Monogamy may be the consequence of mate guarding Males prevents food theft Reduces infanticide and sexual coercion No sperm competition Humans are one of the 32 species with concealed ovulation Concealed ovulation is associated with monogamy Fig3: ratios of male and female in different mating systems Discourages man to search for another partner because he will not know who is fertile among them Females way of keeping males from killing their offspring (Rice, 2007) Increased paternal certainty and care Female lost estrous synchrony Fig 4: Fertility rate in mono / polygyny during evolution? Voices, facial attractiveness and body scent are the ways male spot females fertility (Roberts et al, 2004) Monogamy increases resources Fig 5: mono and polygyny child mortality POLYGYNY Involves one male with multiple female mates Sororal polygyny- sisters Non sororal- females not related ( Lundeen, 1996) Dominant mating system practised by 83% of human...
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...transformations the body will experience. Rites of Passage A Rite of Passage is “any important act or event that serves to mark a passage from one stage of life to another” (American Dictionary, 2006). Rites of passage combine separation, initiation, and reintegration. During these steps, a child is separating themselves from a parent, friend, or past knowledge to make a deeper discovery of themselves and life. During this journey, the individual has changed and become more mature in thought and understanding. The voyage from adolescence into adulthood will be an experience of several rites of passages. A girl will begin menstruating, an occurrence stating that she is entering motherhood, and a boy will begin growing body and facial hair and broadening shoulders signifying manhood. Though, Western civilization does not often celebrate these life altering events with religious and open celebrations, it does not take away from their importance. In today’s society, children are more aware of the welfare of the world and its citizens. The news, Internet, and school curriculum make students knowledgeable of poverty, unemployment rate,...
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...Introduction The Modern Society of today cares about their physical appearance to some extent that, sometimes one ought to ask whether these are very important than what is inside us. The media has branded the idea on people’s minds. While magazines and television certainly heighten their consciousness of looks. There can be no doubt that most people in the world would like to be physically attractive. In their quest to look good on the outside, they sometimes do forget about some serious issues within their selves. Many spend a great deal of time and money doing all they can to make their appearance appealing to others. For a lot it would have to be said that it’s an inordinate amount of time and money and that it is an obsession it’s just because that people feel a responsibility to fit into today's society, they want to look as better as possible due to the outside influences one has. People’s desire for physical beauty, while shaped and polished by the superficial media culture rather than just having a nice personality, actually has deeper roots in who they are. This desire for physical appearance is an original human feeling, like the desire for food, nurturing, or happiness according to Studies. In this times this even includes surgical procedures to correct perceived faults in the face or body they have been given. Before, only the rich and famous people or those with severe deformities, birthmarks and injuries would have any kind of cosmetic surgery. Now it’s becoming...
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...These also suppresses their own authentic selves, leaving it glued into their minds that they are subject to this false perception of beauty. Sadly, it is a reality these girls live in: our sick society treats attractiveness as a quality that seems to be required for a more favorable treatment and they are often seen as more likable people because of their appeal. Ironically, society also wants us to be true to who we really are. Such stress burdens these poor anxious girls and it makes them stay contained inside their own makeup of self-deception that they painted for themselves. On days when women wear their makeup on, it does somehow lift up their self-esteem, make them feel good and boost their confidence. But that is not enough since it hides their inner selves and avoids to understand that little voice inside trying to reach out and screaming, “It’s okay to be yourself and this is a time for you to grow better!...
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...4: EMOTIONS 1. physiological factors [of emotions] ANSWER: biological/bodily changes that occur such as increased heart rate, rise in BP, increased adrenaline secretions, elevated blood sugar level, slowing digestion, dilation of pupils, churning stomach, tense jaw [positive/negative emotional physical responses] 2. describes ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and be sensitive to others feelings - ability linked w/self-esteem, life satisfaction, self-acceptance, healthy conflict management, and relationships [term coined by Daniel Goleman] ANSWER: emotional intelligence 3. nonverbal reactions [of emotions] ANSWER: feelings often are apparent by observable changes such as blushing, sweating [in appearance] - facial expressions, posture, gestures, different vocal tone, vocal rate [behavior changes] 4. What are emotions ANSWER: are feelings, but scientists agree there are the following components of these feelings - physiological factors, nonverbal reactions, cognitive interpretations, verbal expressions, 5. a powerless speech mannerism, ex. Um, ah, er, well ANSWER: Hesitations 6. a powerless speech mannerism, ex. "...don't you think?" - "...isn't it?" ANSWER: Tag Questions 7. a semantic rule: words that gain their meaning by comparison, ex. The tortoise is slow compared to the hare and fast compared to the snail. ANSWER: Relative Words 8. a tool that shows how the same statement can be described at various levels of specificity...
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...perceive others is of importance in social settings and interpersonal relations and thus tends to affect human lives. As individuals experience diverse social situations from the moment they step out of the house until the evening, people often carry themselves in a way that ensures others perceive them positively. Individuals draw trait assumptions from the appearance of subjects including facial appearance and body posture among others. A short time of contact and exposure correlates with the judgment made by others, demonstrating that exposure time is sufficient for individuals to form an impression. This paper discusses the concept of first impression and how they are perceived and incorporates tactics such as IM (Impression Management), self-presentation, and interview impressions. Discussion A first impression entails to an event of when a person encounters another individual and develops a mental perception and image of the subject. The first impression depends on the target and the observer, and it is based on a variety of factors including age, languages, genders, physical appearance, voice, posture, accent, time...
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...Cultural Autobiographical Reflection Author Note This paper was prepared for SPCHxxx, Intercultural Communication taught by Professor xxxxxx. Cultural Autobiographical Reflection Cultural Group Membership The first cultural group that I subscribe to and identify with is the African American culture. Like many, the African culture is represented in many forms such as music, art, storytelling and dance. Cultures exist to satisfy the needs of its subscribers. Through culture, I was taught about food habits, rituals concerning life and death, and how to worship. In many African American households, it is customary to serve black-eyed peas adhering to the belief that dish is a lucky New Year's meal is especially popular in the south. To date, I still cook black-eyed peas on New Year’s Eve because that’s what I grew up seeing, so became the tradition. As a child, relatively all of my friends followed the same ritual in their household. I take value in this cultural behavior that has transmitted from generation to generation. Verbal and Nonverbal Communication The communicative potential of nonverbal behavior is heavily influenced by culture, where we are taught how to interpret messages of other’s nonverbal communication and behavior within the culture. A learned nonverbal communication cue that I was taught as a child was to always make eye contact when generating or receiving a message. A known characteristic of my culture reveals that within USA, African-Americans use...
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...It is evident today that the black man and woman alike have achieved what seemed an impossible feat; a pipe dream just about one hundred and fifty years ago during the Reconstruction Period. Today for example, the black man can speak on the national television, own his own business, attend a predominantly white school and even publicly voice his displeasure without getting persecuted. To sum it up, the kind of beastly racism that involved lynching, public vitriol, and aggression against blacks has drastically changed into a more covert one. The opening remarks in Brent Campney’s article in the magazine, Western Historical Quarterly, hint at the task that the black community still had in their quest for dignity even after the civil war. In the introductory remarks of the article, the author laments, “In the aftermath of the war, however, white Kansas made a mockery of the Union’s optimism. Unleashing a campaign of violence aimed at enforcing their supremacy over blacks in the young state’’ (Campney 172). We find that the black community was faced with an uphill task in their quest for equality to their white counterparts even after the civil war. Kansas making a mockery of thee Union means that as per the wish of the Union that blacks would be free and appreciated after they helped the Union crush the Confederacy, the white community in Kansas turned against them with racially instigated violence aimed at them. The Union had thus made an assumption when they...
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...Gender Differences in Perception of Masculinity in Men’s Crying I. INTRODUCTION Masculinity means being inexpressive and unemotional. Men are not expected to cry, to be sad or to be vulnerable (Forisha, 1978). According to the traditional stereotype being masculine means being assertive, being interested in things, rather than people, being analytical and manipulative, and being able to “get things done” (Forisha, 1978) Femininity and masculinity or one's gender identity refers to the degree to which persons see themselves as masculine given what it means to be a man or woman in society. (Burke, Stets and Pirog-Good 1988; Spence 1985) A person with a more masculine identity should act more masculine, that is, engage in behaviors whose meanings are more masculine such as behaving in a more dominant, competitive, and autonomous manner (Ashmore, Del Boca, and Wohlers 1986). Men are more likely than women to feel ashamed of crying. There are variations in degree, but this indicates that social norms restricting male crying may be pretty much universal. Male crying being generally discouraged from an early age, while female crying is accepted or even rewarded (Fox, 2004). Men cry less frequently and intensely than women, and this sex difference is especially marked for crying in response to anger. (Santiago-Menez & Campbelle, February, 2013) The history of men crying, men have always cried. Yet the acceptability of male crying has varied across...
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...|UBAAM19 | |Business communication and soft skills | |BBA – 3 year RKM Vivekananda college (evening) | | | |R.L.NARASIMHAN | | Part-time Faculty | BUSINESS COMMUNICATION AND SOFT SKILLS Communication is the life blood of social as well as corporate world. We exist because we communicate. Even our silence communicates a lot. We all have a layman’s idea of what communication is , but let us try to understand the concept fully so that we can use it effectively. Communication is the process by which we exchange meanings , facts , ideas ,opinions or emotions with other people. It is an essential condition of our existence and the most important activity of ours. The word communication has been derived from Latin word “ communicare/communis’...
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...C H A P T E R 7 Gender and Advertising How Gender Shapes Meaning The emotional, sexual, and psychological stereotyping of females begins when the doctor says, “It’s a girl.” —Shirley Chisholm Men are dogs and women are cats. Women are from Venus and men are from Mars. Writers, filmmakers, psychologists, and advertisers all have used the idea that men and women are different to develop stories, create conflict, and provide persuasive imagery. Not only do advertisers view men and women differently, but men and women also bring different perspectives to advertising. Thus, we can assume that men and women create dif-ferent meanings from the advertisements they see. Gender roles in our society have changed dramatically since the 1950s, and portrayals of men and women in advertising have been researched since nearly the same time. Researchers have consistently sought to evaluate these roles to examine whether advertising has kept up with societal changes. In this chapter, we examine the different ways men and women view advertising and mes-sages, as well as some of the ways that advertising portrays gender roles today. The last several decades have seen changes in the role of women in society, both as those who earn money and those who spend money. In 1940, women comprised about 20% of the workforce in the United States, while today that percentage reaches 50% (U.S. Department of Labor, 2000). In addition, the family structure in the United States has changed: smaller...
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...prior permission from the Society 57 Legal and Criminological Psychology (2010), 15, 57–75 q 2010 The British Psychological Society The British Psychological Society www.bpsjournals.co.uk The truth about lies: What works in detecting high-stakes deception? Stephen Porter* and Leanne ten Brinke University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada In this paper, we provide our view of the current understanding of high-stakes lies often occurring in forensic contexts. We underscore the importance of avoiding widespread pitfalls of deception detection and challenging prevailing assumptions concerning strategies for catching liars. The promise and limitations of each of non-verbal/body language, facial, verbal/linguistic, and physiological channels in detecting deception are discussed. In observing the absence of a single cue or behavioural channel that consistently reveals deception, a holistic approach with concurrent attention to multiple channels of a target’s behaviour (ideally videotaped for review) and changes from baseline behaviour is recommended whenever possible. Among the best-validated cues to be considered together include: illustrators, blink and pause rate, speech rate, vague descriptions, repeated details, contextual embedding, reproduction of conversations, and emotional ‘leakage’ in the face. While advocating a reliance on empirical evidence, we observe that few studies of high-stakes deception yet have been conducted...
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