...Concepts of inequality and structural violence is advanced by Farmer in his work, Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues. The novel shines light on the specific inequalities of women (Farmer 2011 [1996], 2001 [1999]), as well as those with various views and understanding of the disease on an individual and international aid sponsor country scale (Farmer 2006a [1992], 2006b [1994], 2011 [1996], 2001 [1999]). Farmer connects biomedicine and anthropology throughout the book addressing challenges involving the perceived causes of TB in Haiti. Identifying it as rationalized suffering (Farmer 2001 [1999]). Stating that “the anthropologist within me is perfectly satisfied to analyze such explanations, but to a physician it is nothing less...
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...Inequalities, both domestic and global, illuminate the inevitability and functionality of stratification. Discuss. The title of this essay covers a very wide topic of stratification, and in this essay I will look at the many different forms of stratification that exist both at home here in Ireland and also on a worldwide scale, but to begin with I’m going to describe and define what stratification really means. In short stratification is basically how society ranks in hierarchy, which in detail means the vertical or hierarchical division of society according to rank, class or caste. Caste is defined as “a form of social stratification based on inherited status or ascription.” and this definition goes on to say that “ones social destiny is determined at birth with no chance or opportunity to change this class you have been born into.1”. It remains to be argued whether this statement is true or false, ! ! personally I think it is possible to change class or to move up or down a social class. Yes ones social destiny is determined at birth but it is possible to move up and down the social class ladder, all it takes is determination. Although if one is to begin at the bottom of the ladder, born into a family with harsh surroundings, it will be much harder to move up the ranks, as your success largely depends on your cultural background. If there is no one around you to support you with your studies or with any educational things you may be interested in, then doing any of...
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...GENDER ASSESSMENT USAID/HAITI June, 2006 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by DevTech Systems, Inc. GENDER ASSESSMENT FOR USAID/HAITI COUNTRY STRATEGY STATEMENT Author: Alexis Gardella DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. 2 Gender Assessment USAID/Haiti TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements Acronyms Executive Summary 5 6 7 1. GENDER DIFFERENTIATED DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 1.1 Demographics 1.2 Maternal Mortality 1.3 Fertility 1.4 Contraceptive Use 1.5 HIV Infection 1.6 Education 1.7 Economic Growth 1.8 Labor 1.9 Agriculture and Rural Income 1.10 Rural and Urban Poverty 1.11 Environmental Degradation 9 10 11 12 2. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF GENDER IN HAITIAN SOCIETY 2.1 Status of Haitian Women 2.2 Haitian Social Structure: Rural 2.2.1 Community Level 2.2.2 Inter-Household Level 2.2.3 Intra-Household relations 2.2.4 Economic Division of Labor 2.3 Economic System 2.4 Urban Society 13 3. ONGOING USAID ACTIVITIES IN TERMS OF GENDER FACTORS OR GENDER-BASED CONSTRAINTS 3.1 Sustainable Increased Income for the Poor (521-001) 3.2 Healthier Families of Desired Size (521-003) 3.3 Increased Human Capacity (521-004) 3.4 Genuinely Inclusive Democratic Governance Attained (521-005) 3.5 Streamlined Government (521-006) 3.6 Tropical Storm Recovery Program...
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...influenced by the free Mulattoes who had suffered the inequality of being of white and black descent. Though the Haitian Revolution was not the first revolt to have taken place in the Caribbean, it is the most monumental and efficacious events in Caribbean history. The enslaved and free Mulattoes fought against the French rule “and in 1804 declared their country’s independence under the original Arawak name of Haiti.” During this time, there were three social classes in St. Domingue, the whites, the free Mulattoes and the black enslaved. The free Mulattoes fought vigorously to have some level of freedom, however they were still challenged with repression by the whites. The enslaved people suffered severe conditions like many enslaved people in the Caribbean. The colony of St. Domingue produced coffee and sugar, commodities that served to enrich the white colonizers. “By the second half of the 18th century, sugar and coffee were two of the world’s most traded commodities, and Saint-Domingue produced over 60 percent of the world’s coffee and 40 percent of the world’s sugar.” It would be the French Revolution that would inspire the Mulattoes and the enslaved to fight against France. This inspiration would come as the result of having watched the insurgence in France against the government’s denial of equal rights for ordinary citizens compared to nobility and clergy. To control the progress of rebellion the Governor of Haiti Mon. Duchilleau attempted to give the French Government...
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...Feminist perspectives are slowly becoming the standard for deconstructing popular culture. When doing so issues of masculine hegemony, gender roles, heteronormativity, objectivity, and an abundance of other concepts that stir up controversy are brought to the surface. Popular culture allows for the challenging of problems women have faced for many years, but it some cases is adheres to these traditions. It is vital to be able to see the overall message in a pop culture text in order to understand its implications. Some texts hold messages that were not intended to be there in the first place. There will forever be controversy when it comes to pop culture, especially when it comes to television shows, as the average Canadian watches 30 hours of T.V a week. (Ryan, 2013) When being constantly exposed to these messages it is important to know what information you are being fed. Some shows are more complex than others, and consist of mixed messages when looking at them from a feminist standpoint. One example of this would be The Mindy Project, a sitcom that first aired in 2012, and has since gained an average of $2.34 million viewers per episode, (IMDb, 2012) The Mindy Project is packed full of messages that can be depicted from a feminist standpoint, but are often blurred behind the hilarity it is known for. To give a brief synopsis of the show, Mindy Lahiri, played by Mindy Kaling, also the director of the show is the main character and also the narrator. The show is about her...
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...Caribbean Development: An Overview Paul Sutton * Development is generally recognised as a complex multifaceted process of economic, social, political, environmental and cultural change, which results in increases in the well-being of people and extends their rights and choices in the present without compromising the abilities of future generations to enjoy these benefits. In the Caribbean the economic, social and political elements of development have held centre stage in the last fifty years. Typically they have been (and are) represented in the form of rising incomes (greater Gross Domestic Product per capita), social progress (improved welfare through education and health programmes and gender equality) and political freedoms (independence, administrative efficiency and democracy). In the last fifteen years environmental issues have slowly risen on the development agenda as well as, more recently, cultural issues such as artistic expression and various forms of identity. Any exploration of development in the region is therefore very wide. The focus of this paper is on the traditional agenda - economic, social and political development in that order. This is not because these aspects are in any sense ‘superior’ to other forms of development (although the economic dimension remains dominant within the development discourse and within the Caribbean), but because it permits the long view - to look back at development policy to situate where the theory and practice of development...
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...Coffee Barometer 2014 Sjoerd Panhuysen & Joost Pierrot 13 / ha India 5 mio Vietnam 22 mio bags 40 bags / ha 10 / ha Ethiopia 6 mio 7 Indonesia 13 mio bags 1 Hivos IUCN Nederland Oxfam Novib Solidaridad WWF Content 2 1 Introduction Coffee, cultivated in more than 80 countries in Central and South America, Africa and Asia, ranks among the world’s most valuable agricultural commodities. Coffee cultivation provides livelihoods for 20-25 million farming families [4]; and engages over 100 million people in its producing and processing. Smallholder coffee farmers, together with their families and rural workers produce over 70 per cent of this labour intensive crop. Women comprise half the productive workforce and play a crucial role that often goes unnoticed. However, to retain the involvement of rural youth is a challenge as they often aspire to a different future and seek employment outside the coffee sector. Historically, declining terms of trade and price volatility have plagued coffee production. This makes poverty reduction, which is essential to ensure the sustainability of the sector, both an important and difficult challenge. Figure 3 presents an overview of the main social, economic and environmental challenges for smallholders and plantation labourers. These problems at the production level are compounded by the effects of changing climatic conditions. The International Coffee Organization [9] acknowledges that the world coffee sector is facing major challenges...
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...Question 7: What are the strengths and weaknesses of the Gender And Development (GAD) approach for oppressed communities in the Caribbean? Gender equality is more than a goal in itself. It is a precondition for meeting the challenge of reducing poverty, promoting sustainable development and building good governance within ones country. With a mouthful said, I can now turn my attention to the matter at hand. One could ask what is gender and development? The fact is, there is no true meaning for this, however theorist have pieced together that, the Gender and Development (GAD) approach is a way of determining how best to structure development projects and programs based on analysis of gender relationships, in other words it focuses on the socially constructed basis of difference between men and women, economic, political and cultural forces that determine how men and women participate in, benefit from, and control project resources and activities differently and it also places a great emphasis on the need to challenge existing gender roles and relations. This approach shifts the focus from women as a group to the socially determined relations between women and men. With the birth of this approach it is constantly being compared with the WID, they both have perspectives that are theoretically distinct; although in practice it is less clear, with a program possibly involving elements of both. It was developed in the 1980s as an alternative to the Women in Development (WID)...
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...Hispanic men are perceived as machismo, which emphasizes male pride and dominance and that women are feminine which includes subordinate to males and self-denial,women generally handle housework and child care, however the women don’t feel shout out and feel they are equal in making decisions. Women are also considered spiritually superior to men, these gender roles are taught early, men provide and women take care of family. Chivalry appears to play an important role in Hispanic dating; the men are expected to charm their ladies, while the ladies act totally famine. During the court ship process it is acceptable to show affection when in public, but is usually not done while in the presents of...
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...Brain BRAIN DRAIN AND IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT OAS Special Committee on Migration 13 January 2009 Washington Presentation Outline Background and Overview Issues and Impacts Policy Responses 2 Brain drain • Outflow of persons – Volume – Relative to the wider economic and social environment – Compensatory movements • Cost benefit analysis – Est 5% global liberalization of labour migration could contribute $300b p.a to world welfare (greater than ODA or FDI) – Even a more conservative increase by developed countries of 3% of their total workforce would increase world welfare by more than $150b p.a. 3 Migration data • Neither globally nor regionally established data collection mechanisms • No consensus on definitions • Incompatibility of data from different sources at national, regional and international levels • Stock data – no flow data: only limited reflection of true level of migration • Data on specific migrant groups from receiving countries– often not compatible • Trafficking and irregular migration – very limited knowledge. 4 Background • World total migrants in 1980: 100 million – 47.7 million were in developed countries, compared with 52.1 million in developing countries. 2002 – 40.8 million migrants live in North American countries (13% of the pop) • 2006: out of a global total of some 190 million migrants – 61 million had moved South - South, 53 million North -North, 14 million North -South and 62 million South...
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...Castor. Parental Efforts to Influence Sexual Behavior of Young Haitian Women: Implications for Addressing the Risk of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). The Internet Journal of World Health and Societal Politics. 2014 Volume 9 Number 1. Abstract Background: In 2010, HIV/AIDS was ranked as the leading cause of disease burden in 21 countries including Haiti. Addressing the issues of HIV is complex and associated with the dynamic of personal relationships, which are further complicated by the issues of gender inequality in these relationships. Furthermore, in the Haitian culture, women often fail to have open discussions about sexuality and sexual health and especially the issue of forced sex. This is complicated by the issue of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDs, sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) and/ or related health problems with their daughters. Parental involvement is thought to be an effective prevention strategy in behavior change. However, there is limited data regarding the level of parental contribution to sexual education and development of the young females in Haiti Objective: The study sought to determine: Haitian women’s knowledge of HIV/AIDS and STIs; the impact of parental influence for learning about sex, relationships and sexual health of Haitian women; as well as parental involvement in the sexual behavior of Haitian women. Methods: A qualitative method was employed in this study, which consisted of focus groups with...
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...to acknowledge the social inequalities our race, gender, sexual orientation and social class can engender. This is not to say that some of use are immune to life’s hardships but rather that we are not all subject to the same disadvantages by the nature of our inherit traits. However, it must be understood that privilege or what is considered as such is relative to our surroundings. This is not to say that the magnitude of its effect is lessened depending on where you find yourself but rather that our societies may have different criterion when it comes to what it means to be privileged. For this reason, behind my arrival at UCLA exist a story that is neither told by my gender nor my race. It is fuelled by privilege of other sorts, driven by hard work and only mildly slowed down by, in my perspective, minor disadvantages....
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...The Global Climate Risk Index 2014 analyses indicate that less developed countries generally face the reality of climate variability more than industrialised countries (Kreft & Eckstein, 2013). According to Population Action International(PAI, (2013), countries currently experiencing high rates of population growth having either high projected declines in agricultural production, low resilience to climate change, or both face widespread poverty, low levels of education, limited access to health services, food and water insecurity and gender inequality. The Philippines with a -1.7% projected change in agricultural production, 1.7% population growth rate, and 22% unmet need for family planning is considered a “hotspot" of population and climate change (PAI). The increasing population and poverty have put additional pressures on resources (DENR, 2001). According to Kreft & Eckstein, in 2012, the Philippines along with Haiti suffered the most from extreme weather events pointing to the country’s vulnerability to climate change phenomenon as it works towards achieving economic growth and alleviating poverty (2013). In the VIP marine key biodiversity areas, the rising sea level and surface temperature, pronounced storminess and unpredictable rainfall patterns are disrupting...
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...WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY IN AFRICA FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND GENDER DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Assignment Cover Sheet Department: MDS Intake: 10 Part A: Student Details Name of Student: PAIDAMOYO MAGAYA Student I.D No: W150180 Name of Course: ADVANCED QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS Code: MDS 113 Assignment Number: One Question: ‘The establishment of the IMF and the World Bank at the Bretton Woods Conference in July 1944 was mainly aimed at expanding and consolidating the Capitalist Mode of Production throughout the world.’ Discuss Due Date: 25th March 2015 Part B: Marker’s comments: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Overall Mark: …………………………………. Date Marked:……………………………… Marker’s Name:………………………………... Signature:………………………………….. Lecturer:………………………………………………………………………………………………... The Bretton Woods conference gave birth to two powerhouses in the economic spheres in the world namely the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB). The two institutions have evidently embraced the capitalist ideology by setting the agenda to enrich the few while widening the gap between the haves and the have-nots. IMF and WB are largely capitalist institutions promoting the capitalist mode of production to unsuspecting and vulnerable countries throughout the world. The two institutions do also have some level of development that they have contributed to economies...
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...Caribbean Human Development Report 2012 Human Development and the Shift to Better Citizen Security Caribbean Human Development Report 2012 Human Development and the Shift to Better Citizen Security Copyright © 2012 by the United Nations Development Programme 1 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission. ISBN: 9789962688082 Website: http://www.regionalcentrelac-undp.org/en/hdr-caribbean Editors: Robert Zimmermann, Carol Lawes and Nanette Svenson Cover design: Timothy Bootan and Juan Manuel Salazar Design and Layout: Miguel Nova y Vínculos Gráficos Printed in Panama by Inversiones Gumo, S.A. For a list of any errors or omissions found subsequent to printing please visit our website. No consultation has been carried out in Guyana. The data on Guyana have been obtained through public sources and the UNDP Citizen Security Survey 2010. Caribbean Human Development Report 2012 Helen Clark Administrator United Nations Development Programme Rebeca Grynspan Associate Administrator United Nations Development Programme Heraldo Muñoz Assistant Administrator and Director of the Regional Bureau for LAC United Nations Development Programme Freddy Justiniano Director a.i. Regional Centre for LAC United Nations Development Programme Niky Fabiancic Deputy Director Regional...
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