... V. A Simple Watermark: Patchwork VI. Current Work in Watermarking VII. Conclusion VIII. Works Cited Introduction It's no news to anyone that's reading this that the meteoric rise of the Internet in recent years has significantly increased the availability of all forms of media. Nowhere is this more obvious than in the realm of commercial musical recordings, where Napster and other internet-based distribution systems have made incredible volumes of musical content widely available, all without the consent of the music's originators. This situation, though, is not unique to the music industry, as photographers, filmmakers, and other content-originators all have the same problem to varying degrees. The solution, and even the need for a solution, to this problem of copyright infringement is still a topic that is open to great debate, but there is no debating the fact that some interesting and novel technology has been designed to help. Digital image watermarking, the practice of secretly embedding a piece of information in an image, is one of the more interesting of these technologies, and deserves some consideration. It is the purpose of this paper to give the reader an overview of watermarking and the diverse benefits that it offers. We begin with a brief history of watermarking and then go on to describe the basic components of any watermarking system, different uses for and characteristics of watermarking systems, types of attacks that watermarks are designed to...
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...osaka-u.ac.jp Koji Torii Nara Institute of Science and Technology torii@is.aist-nara.ac.jp Abstract viewers[6][22]. As shown in figure 1, class viewers expose the internals of a class file, displaying class structure (fields and methods), thus, program users may know how to use that class file without asking to the original programmer. To make matters worse, program users can obtain source codes of a class file by using Java decompilers[15], such as SourceAgain[2], Jad[14], Mocha[24], etc. In this situation, the Java program developer’s intellectual property will be infringed if a program user steals anyone else’s class file and builds it into his/her own program without the original programmer's permission. We call this copyright infringement a program theft, which is one of the reasons why many companies hesitate to use Java in the real software development. Although we have copyright law to prohibit the program theft, it is still very important for us to protect our Java program by ourselves [3]. This paper proposes a technique that discourages program theft by embedding Java programs with a digital watermark. Embedding a program developer's copyright notation as a watermark into Java class files will ensure the legal...
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...A Review of Wavelet-domain Watermarking Techniques Mukul Salhotra, Shivam Maurya, Shashvat Jaiswal, Amit Kumar Singh Department of CS/ICT, Jaypee University of Information Technology Abstract--As networking continues to grow exponentially, the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) can be obtained and reproduced easily. These threats create a high demand for a content protection technique such as digital watermarking; which is one of the most efficient ways to protect the digital properties in recent years. Image watermarking techniques are frequently applied in the transform and spatial domains to achieve desired secure and robust protection. This paper provides an overview of the wavelet-based watermarking techniques available for medical images until now. In this paper the major methods have been analyzed along with their advantages & disadvantages. Keywords: Discrete Wavelet Transform, Medical image watermarking, ROI, NROI, I. INTRODUCTION D igital watermarking has emerged as a research area that was originally focused on copyright protection. Also, it has been implemented in lot of domains, such as video, audio, image, and 3D graphic model. Despite the fact there are only a few medical oriented watermarking studies in the literature to date, digital watermarking will be a valuable tool for copyright protection with medical confidentiality protection, patient and examination-related information hiding, data integrity control and source identification, in Hospital Information...
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...Literature Review When dealing with patients' sensitive medical records, it's always important how one also deals with medical images that should also be kept private. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability initiated on April 14, 2013 by the federal government, establishes all relevant standards to address the issue of privacy protection. The HIPAA requires for integrity and confidentiality in all of current, previous and future from hospitals, doctors, and other relevant professionals. In an era where digital technology has become of major importance, there is a series of medical images that can now be kept in digital format and become quite easy to retrieve, store and preserve. Watermarking – An Essential Aspect for the Protection of Medical Images A. Ethical reasons and relevant legislation define Medical Information Assurance & Watermarking Medical directions. USA's HIPAA and Europe's EC 95/46 Directive are the major legislations defining relevant directions. When dealing with medical information records, thus, which involve a series of clinical examinations, diagnoses, and EPR images, three major security attributes should be considered: • Confidentiality: only authorised users can view and evaluate medical information; • Availability: Scheduled accessing periods should be set when entering the information system containing the medical data; • Reliability: The information should be examined by authorised people and not changed by unauthorised...
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...Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 January 03. Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011 April ; 9(4): 244–253. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2537. The skin microbiome $watermark-text Elizabeth A. Grice and Julia A. Segre Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892–4442, USA. Abstract $watermark-text The skin is the human body’s largest organ, colonized by a diverse milieu of microorganisms, most of which are harmless or even beneficial to their host. Colonization is driven by the ecology of the skin surface, which is highly variable depending on topographical location, endogenous host factors and exogenous environmental factors. The cutaneous innate and adaptive immune responses can modulate the skin microbiota, but the microbiota also functions in educating the immune system. The development of molecular methods to identify microorganisms has led to an emerging view of the resident skin bacteria as highly diverse and variable. An enhanced understanding of the skin microbiome is necessary to gain insight into microbial involvement in human skin disorders and to enable novel promicrobial and antimicrobial therapeutic approaches for their treatment. $watermark-text The skin is an ecosystem composed of 1.8 m2 of diverse habitats with an abundance of folds, invaginations and specialized niches that support a wide range of microorganisms. The...
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...P R E FAC E THE ACCOUNTING ENVIRONMENT Accounting is the most employable, sought-after major for 2009, according to entrylevel job site CollegeGrad.com. One reason for this interest is found in the statement by former Secretary of the Treasury and Economic Advisor to the President, Lawrence Summers. He noted that the single-most important innovation shaping our capital markets was the idea of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). We agree with Mr. Summers. Relevant and reliable financial information is a necessity for viable capital markets. Without it, our markets would be chaotic, and our standard of living would decrease. This textbook is the market leader in providing the tools needed to understand what GAAP is and how it is applied in practice. Mastery of this material will be invaluable to you in whatever field you select. Through many editions, this textbook has continued to reflect the constant changes taking place in the GAAP environment. This edition continues this tradition, which has become even more significant as the financial reporting environment is exploding with major change. Here are three areas of major importance that are now incorporated extensively into this edition of the text. A New Way of Looking at Generally Accepted Principles (GAAP) Learning GAAP used to be a daunting task, as it is comprised of many standards that vary in form, completeness, and structure. Fortunately, the profession has recently developed the Financial Accounting...
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...C H A P T E R 8 VALUATION OF I NVE NTOR I E S : A COST-BASIS APPROAC H LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should be able to: •1 •2 •3 •4 •5 •6 •7 •8 •9 •10 Identify major classifications of inventory. Distinguish between perpetual and periodic inventory systems. Identify the effects of inventory errors on the financial statements. Understand the items to include as inventory cost. Describe and compare the cost flow assumptions used to account for inventories. Explain the significance and use of a LIFO reserve. Understand the effect of LIFO liquidations. Explain the dollar-value LIFO method. Identify the major advantages and disadvantages of LIFO. Understand why companies select given inventory methods. Inventories in the Crystal Ball A substantial increase in inventory may be a leading indicator of an upcoming decline in profit margins. Take the auto industry as an example. Detroit’s inventories have been growing for several years because the domestic manufacturers like to run the factories at full capacity, even if they are not selling cars as fast as they can make them. The current arrangement is particularly tough for General Motors. It overproduces and then tries to push the sales with incentives and month-long “blow-out” sales. GM is hoping that the ever-growing market will cover the problem until customer demand grows to the point where the cars are purchased without so many incentives. But recently, all that was growing was GM inventories...
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...This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com 1 LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO FINAL ACCOUNT CONTENTS 1.0. Aims and Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1. Definition 1.2. Sundry Debtors 1.3. Sundry Creditors 1.4. Final Accounts 1.5. Trading Account 1.5.1. Balancing of Trading Account 1.6. Profit and Loss Account 1.7. Balance Sheet 1.7.1. Definition 1.7.2. Objectives of Balance Sheet 1.7.3. Assets 1.7.4. Liabilities 1.8. Difference between a Trial Balance and a Balance Sheet 1.9. Let Us Sum Up 1.10 Lesson end Activities 1.11. Points for Discussion 1.12. Model answer to “Check your Progress” 1.13. Suggested Reading / References/ Sources 1.0 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson you be able to: Ø Understand basics of Final Accounts Ø Understand the difference between Profit and Loss Account with Trial Balance Ø Understand how to prepare Balance Sheet 1.1 INTRODUCTION All business transactions are first recorded in Journal or Subsidiary Books. They are transferred to Ledger and balanced it. The main object of keeping the books of accounts is to ascertain the profit or loss of business and to assess the financial position of the business at the end of the year. The object is better served if the businessman first satisfies himself that the accounts written up during the year are correct or al least arithmetically accurate. When the transactions are recorded under double entry system, there is a credit for every debit, when on a/c is debited;...
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...This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com 1 B.Sc. COSTUME DESIGN AND FASHION FASHION DESIGNING AND SEWING TECHNOLOGY UNITS UNIT 1 UNIT 2 UNIT 3 UNIT 4 UNIT 5 CONTENTS UNIT NO. UNIT I LESSON NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 TITLE OF THE LESSON PRINCIPLES OF FASHION FASHION PRODUCERS FASHION DESIGNING & ACCESSORIES PRINCIPLES OF DESIGNING COLOUR COLOUR HORMONIES & APPLICATION DRESS DESIGNING SEWING MACHINES SPECIAL MACHINES SEWING MACHINE ATTACHMRNTS SEWING MACHINE CARE AND MAINTENANCE STITCHING MECHANISM FEEDING MECHANISM SPREADING CUTTING MARKING PRESSING SEWING FEDERAL STANDARDS FOR SEAM SEWING FEDERAL STANDARDS FOR STITCH SEWING THREAD PAGE NUMBERS 03 48 91 126 166 PAGE NO. 03 15 22 40 48 60 71 91 99 110 116 126 141 150 156 166 174 181 188 199 UNIT II UNIT III UNIT IV UNIT V This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com 2 UNIT – I LESSON – 1: PRINCIPLES OF FASHION CONTENTS 1.0 1.1 1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION FASHION 1.2.1 Fashion design terms 1.2.2 Areas of fashion 1.2.3 Fashion flow chart 1.3. 1.2.4 Fashion in Cloths CLASSIFICATION OF FASHION 1.3.1 Style 1.3.2 Basic or classics 1.3.3 Fad 1.3.4 Fashion Forecasting 1.3.5 Trends 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 CHIC COSTUME MADE COLLECTION MANNEQUINS FASHION SHOWS: 1.8.1 Formal fashion shows 1.8.2 Designer trunk shows 1.8.3 Department fashion shows 1.8.4 Informal fashion shows 1.9 1.10...
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...This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com 1 BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA) COBOL CONTENTS Syllabus UNIT –1 Lesson-1 Lesson-2 Lesson-3 Lesson-4 Lesson-5 Introduction to COBOL Divisions of COBOL Picture clause characteristics Editing Level Structure PAGE NO 1 9 16 20 26 UNIT – 2 Lesson-6 Lesson-7 Lesson-8 Lesson-9 Lesson-10 Data Movement verb: MOVE Arithmetic Verbs Input and Output Verbs Corresponding Options Programs using Arithmetic Verbs 30 34 41 48 54 UNIT – 3 Lesson-11 Lesson-12 Lesson-13 Lesson-14 Lesson-15 Conditions Conditionals Statements PERFORM statements RENAMES & REDEFINES Clauses Programs 60 70 77 82 86 UNIT– 4 Lesson-16 Lesson-17 Lesson-18 Lesson-19 Lesson-20 Sequential Files Direct Access Files Indexed Sequential Files Sorting and Merging of Files Programs 92 98 102 107 114 UNIT – 5 Lesson-21 Lesson-22 Lesson-23 Lesson-24 Lesson-25 Table Handling Indexed Tables & Index Names Search & Start Verbs Programs using OCCURS & Screen Section List of Programs 123 128 132 136 142 This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com 2 UNIT – I LESSON – 1: INTRODUCTION TO COBOL CONTENTS 1.0 Aims and Objectives 1.1 History of COBOL 1.2 FORMAT FOR COBOL PROGRAMS 1.3 STRUCTURE OF A COBOL PROGRAM 1.4 CHARACTER SET 1.5 COBOL WORDS ...
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...International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 9– No.7, November 2010 Steganography- A Data Hiding Technique Arvind Kumar Assistant Professor Vidya College of engineering, Meerut, India Km. Pooja Vankateshwara institute of computer Science and technology, Meerut, India ABSTRACT Steganography is the art of hiding information and an effort to conceal the existence of the embedded information. It serves as a better way of securing message than cryptography which only conceals the content of the message not the existence of the message. Original message is being hidden within a carrier such that the changes so occurred in the carrier are not observable. In this paper we will discuss how digital images can be used as a carrier to hide messages. This paper also analyses the performance of some of the steganography tools. Steganography is a useful tool that allows covert transmission of information over an over the communications channel. Combining secret image with the carrier image gives the hidden image. The hidden image is difficult to detect without retrieval. This paper will take an in-depth look at this technology by introducing the reader to various concepts of Steganography, a brief history of Steganography and a look at some of the Steganographic technique. In steganography, the possible cover carriers are innocent looking carriers (images, audio, video, text, or some other digitally representative code) which will hold the hidden information...
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...involved in double entry system 1.4.4 Advantages of double entry system 1.5 Meaning of Debit and Credit 1.6 Types of Accounts and its rules 1.6.1 Personal Accounts 1.6.2 Real Accounts 1.6.3 Nominal Accounts 1.7 Distinction between Book Keeping and Accounting 1.8 Branches of Accounting 1.8.1 Financial Accounting 1.8.2 Cost Accounting 1.8.3 Management Accounting 1.9 Let us Sum Up 1.10 Lesson-End Activities 1.11 Check your Progress 1.12 Points for Discussion 1.13 References 1.0 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES i) ii) To know the Meaning ,Definition and objective of Book- Keeping To study the objectives, functions, importance and limitations of Accounting iii) To understand the methods of Accounting, kinds of Accounts and Accounting rules. This watermark does not appear in the registered version - http://www.clicktoconvert.com 1 iv) To study the difference between Book- keeping and Accounting v) To study the various branches of Accounting 1.1 INTRODUCTION In all activities (whether business activities or non-business activities) and in all organizations (whether business organizations like a manufacturing entity or trading entity or non-business organizations like schools, colleges, hospitals, libraries, clubs, temples, political parties) which require money and other economic resources, accounting is required to account for these resources. In other words, wherever money is involved, accounting is required to account for it. Accounting is often called the language of business. The...
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...How does Imtiaz darker use language and structure in “the terrorist at my table” to demonstrate the theme of conflict? In the poem “the terrorist at my table” the theme of conflict is demonstrated profusely. In the poem I believe that conflict is represented in 2 main ways. The first is media, throughout the poem media is portrayed as having a very important role in war. The second would be personal feeling towards war, how the lady or mad in the poem copes with the idea of conflict. The first line of the poem “I slice sentences” straight away could show how all the time the media are chopping up stories, embellishing them or cutting them down to fit the target audience rather than give people the cold facts of way. The word “slice” is a very fluid motion, which could represent the media manipulating the news to make it less harsh. The second stanza is where the reader starts to become aware of the message Imtiaz Dharker is trying to show, that war and conflict have become such a normal part of day to day life. “At my back, the news is the same”. The phrase at my back shows how to person in the poem is unfazed by the news and carries on with whatever they were already doing, the average person has become numb to the idea of death. On the other hand it could also show the lack of awareness and understanding we have about what is actually going on, which links back to the idea of the news manipulating stories and sheltering the rest of the world from the horrors that occur...
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...Need a custom research paper on Technology? Click here to buy a custom term paper. About two hundred years before, the word "computer" started to appear in the dictionary. Some people even didn't know what is a computer. However, most of the people today not just knowing what is a computer, but understand how to use a computer. Therefore, computer become more and more popular and important to our society. We can use computer everywhere and they are very useful and helpful to our life. The speed and accuracy of computer made people felt confident and reliable. Therefore, many important information or data are saved in the computer. Such as your diary, the financial situation of a oil company or some secret intelligence of the military department. A lot of important information can be found in the memory of computer. So, people may ask a question: Can we make sure that the information in the computer is safe and nobody can steal it from the memory of the computer? Physical hazard is one of the causes of destroying the data in the computer. For example, send a flood of coffee toward a personal computer. The hard disk of the computer could be endangered by the flood of coffee. Besides, human caretaker of computer system can cause as much as harm as any physical hazard. For example, a cashier in a bank can transfer some money from one of his customer's account to his own account. Nonetheless, the most dangerous thief are not those who work with computer every day, but youthful amateurs...
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...net worth C: offer them based on how much they earn from client T: use leverage, so can take long (buy) or short (sell), can do whatever you want with the money After 2001 Classification Not fixed classification Futures funds Event driven Relative value (arbitrage = riskless) Equity Funds of funds 1st 4 are named single manager funds, underlying investments that do not invest in another hedgefund last F: invest in a diversified groups of funds fund mortality – no of hedgefunds that …. average lifespan of hedgefund – 4.4 years hedgefund fees***** management fees: collected regardless of fund performance, usually 2% drawn from customer, take reference to the initial year performance fees: incentive fees, eg. Beyond a certain level of money earned, I will draw a % of about usually 20% of the profit. Usually called: two-twenty fees Forprotection: You need to - achieve a high watermark provision – only pay fees only if net asset value increases from previous year. (have profit then have incentive) (only when you exceed the highest value of record like a high score, must break high score - hurdle rate: fee paid if the fund return exceeds a particular threshold example: to calculate the performance fee, must minus management fee first then take the percentage 250million increase to 295million 2/25 fee structure management: 2% of 250m performance: percentage returen high watermark: effects of incentive fee: result...
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