...Consumer Psychology and Marketing Communications PSY 322 Consumer Psychology and Marketing Communications Consumer psychology has the purpose of “acquiring knowledge for the sake of understanding and predicting important aspects of real life behavior” (Katona, 1967). The business community has been trying for years to find what makes people buy what they do. They also want to understand future predicted behavior as well. This is a study of the dynamics that affect the behavior of consumers. According to Walsh in her review of Foxall and Goldsmith, consumer research is very important when compared to the decision making role of managers. The authors also write about consumer concepts like market segmentation and product positioning strategies. With the first example, market segmentation, deals with the needs and wants of consumers. As learned in class, this is a strategy that can help companies know more about consumer preferences but also more about their individual behaviors and choices. Walsh does not really get in to detail of what product positioning strategies are but she did mention they are “part of the product life cycle” (Walsh, 1997). Walsh does go on to mention that the book does have a significant psychology social science section that deals with attitudes, behaviors, and motivations. Walsh reveals that this book is a good source of information for aspiring and on the job marketing managers. Not everyone is completely on board the consumer psychology...
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...21 2.5.4. Latest tendencies 23 2.5.5. Social Media 24 2.5.6. Consumer Generated Media 25 2.5.7. Meta Search Engines 25 2.6. Travel, booking and research behaviour among Hungarian travellers 26 2.6.1. Travel behaviour 26 2.6.2. Booking behaviour 27 2.6.3. Research behaviour 29 2.7. Summary 30 3. METHODOLOGY 31 3.1. Introduction 31 3.2. Secondary Research 31 3.3. Primary Research 32 3.4. Data Analysis Methods 33 3.5. Summary 33 4. EVALUATION OF RESULTS 34 4.1. Introduction 34 4.2. Interviews with intermediaries 35 4.2.1. Mr. Mate Hegedus, Revenue Specialist of Expedia Lodging Partner Services 35 4.2.2. Mr. Zoltan Katona, Marketing coordinator of Wellnessakcio.hu 39 4.2.3. Comparison of the interviews with intermediaries 41 4.3. Interview with a hotel representative 44 4.3.1. Mr. Zoltan Katona, Marketing consultant of Aquatherm Hotel Zalakaros 44 4.3.2. Conclusion of the interview with Aquatherm Hotel Zalakaros 46 4.4. Booking.com – Facts and business concept 47 4.5....
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...Consumer Confidence and Economic Growth Introduction: Consumer confidence is a key driver of economic growth. It is widely considered an economic indicator of household consumption expenditure. Consumers tend to increase consumption when they feel confident about the current and future economic situation of the country and their own financial situation. In economies such as India and the US where personal consumption represents 66% and 71% of GDP respectively, consumer confidence has a particularly significant impact on the economy and can provide critical insight into its growth prospects. In simple terms, increased consumer confidence indicates economic growth in which consumers are spending money, indicating higher consumption. Decreasing consumer confidence implies slowing economic growth, and so consumers are likely to decrease their spending. The idea is that the more confident people feel about the economy and their jobs and incomes, the more likely they are to make purchases. Declining consumer confidence is a sign of slowing economic growth and may indicate that the economy is headed into trouble. This study examined the causal link between consumer confidence and economic growth in United States. Some economists, such as Langer (1991), are of the view that consumer confidence can reliably predict future consumer spending and thus, economic growth, while others are more skeptical arguing that “consumers cannot spend confidence” Lieberman (1991). Consumer confidence...
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...Anxiety Scores of Informal Caregivers Theresa A. Patterson Mount Aloysius College Abstract Informal caregivers, or family members who provide care to their physically or cognitively impaired relatives, are leading providers of services to elderly individuals. However, caregivers frequently experience symptoms of depression, stress and anxiety. Also, caregivers may suffer from physical or psychological distress as a result of these symptoms. The author examined the effects of depression, stress and anxiety and suggested an assessment instrument to gauge levels of anxiety. In addition, strengths and limitations of this approach were delineated. The author hypothesized that caregivers would exhibit higher anxiety scores than non-caregivers. This hypothesis was tested by comparing a group of informal caregivers to a group of non-caregivers. Furthermore, recommendations for reduction of stress and anxiety symptoms were made. Anxiety Scores of Informal Caregivers Family members of elderly, impaired individuals in the United States provide the majority of necessary daily care for their relatives (Sheehan & Nuttall, 1988). These caregivers may be described as informal: individuals who provide unpaid care to a friend or family member out of love and respect for the impaired person (George & Gwyther, 1986). Unfortunately, many caregivers reported significant stress, depression and anxiety (Sheehan & Nuttall, 1988). Research demonstrated a correlation...
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...prefers deeper ocean waters to coastal waters. Like many other baleen whales, it feeds in cool waters at high latitudes, and generally migrates to warmer temperate and tropical waters to breed and give birth. The blue whale is considered an endangered because of its population size, they have a population of 10,000-25,000. They weigh about 200 tons and can grow to be 80-100 feet long. Blue whales are Lightly mottled blue-grey, with light grey or yellow-white undersides (Alagiyawanna 1). Blue whales also can live in all of the oceans. According to SCIcyclopedia, A female blue whale, which is larger than the male, gives birth to a calf that averages 25 feet in length and weighs about 2 tons. The calf drinks about 106 gallons of milk every day (Katona 1). A blue whale can eat up to 8,000 lbs. of krill during its consumption period. It is estimated to take 2,200 lbs. of food to fill a blue whale's stomach. Blue whales can swim normally at five miles per hour but can reach speeds over 20 miles per hour when agitated. Blue whales are one of the earth’s loudest animals they emit a series of pulses, groans and moans. Scientists also believe that if the whales are in good conditions, they can her each other at distances of up to 1,000 miles away. They believe these vocalizations are not only used for communication but also for navigating the dark depths of the oceans. (Fleeks 1) The blue whales are endangered species. Blue Whales wouldn't be considered endangered if it there weren't any...
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...Running head: The Construction of a Developmental Game Part II: The Construction of a Developmental Game Appropriate for Adults: A Slide Presentation With Accompanying Notes Part II: The Construction of a Developmental Game Appropriate for Adults: A Slide Presentation With Accompanying Notes Rationale for Part II Project Application As an instructor, this writer is charged with the responsibility of challenging students to strengthen critical thinking skills while developing an understanding of course material. College students taking an adult development course are expected to apply critical thinking skills when studying developmental theory and research. This requires that they examine their own assumptions and discern their hidden values. In addition, critical thinking involves their evaluation of evidence and the assessment of conclusions. An important aspect of such a scientific approach is the attitude of humility. Critical thinking requires the humble scrutiny of competing ideas. Students must understand that they may have to reject their own preconceptions (Myers, 2004). One must acknowledge the potentially biasing effects of preconceived ideas. Such ideas can evolve from a number of sources including culture and environment. In contemporary American culture, some regard the aging process view as being undesirable. For them, the term old connotes an inevitable future involving physical frailty, narrow-mindedness...
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...AIDET was developed, by Studer Group, as a means for doctors to improve communication with patients (Braverman, Kunkel, Katz, Katona, Heavens, Miller & Arfaa, 2015). Although AIDET was meant for the physician use, it is used by everyone in my facility as a means to communicate with patients. The premise of AIDET is that you acknowledge everyone in a room, introduce yourself, define the expected duration of the interaction, provide an explanation of diagnosis which is in layman’s terms, and finally, thanking the patient which shows the patient respect (Braverman et al., 2015). At AHS, the customer service model works for many reasons when we combine PRIDE and AIDET. First, the patient and family deserve and receive respect as seen in the way we introduce ourselves and by letting the patient know how long to expect the visit to last. This allows the patient to voice any...
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...the oppression of women. And to understand the capitalist sources of this, Marxist theory is developed and applied into it. Strengths of Marxism: Marxist theory looks at society as a whole, therefore acknowledging all the social forces involved. It recognises the power interests of different groups. Is good at explaining conflict and change in society. Stresses the role of class struggle (conflict) within society between the proletariat (workers) and the bourgeoisie (owners). Recognises that society is organised under capitalism, in that the bourgeoisie aim to maximise profit by exploiting the proletariat. Weaknesses of Marxism: Marxist theory finds it difficult to explain the presence of certain phenomena (for example Kerry Katona has lots of money but is from a working class background). It overlooks the idea that other factors may help to shape society. Key Ideas of Marxism: Marxism believes that capitalism can only thrive on the exploitation of the working class. Marxism believes that there was a real contradiction between human nature and the way that we must work in a capitalist society. Marxism has a dialectic...
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...benefit in keep in touch with latest development of the industry. 3.2. External Communication Traditionally, the communication channels in an organization include meetings, telephone and e-mail. (Kadam et al., 2014). These type of communication sometime bring the limitations based on time range, personal preferences and behaviors, manual tasks performance etc. With the recent escalation of rising social media technology, the business organisations have more opportunities to communicate with public actively and immediately. Social media was widely use often by B2C (business-to-consumer) companies versus B2B (business-to-business) companies. Typically, B2C online communities include in a form of brand promotion for products or services (Katona and Sarvary. 2014). Some marketing strategy incorporated with B2C communication create the situation to customers making interaction among themselves to achieve the specific business goal or to improve skill and so on. As social media has increasingly demand in daily life, B2B online communities have begun to grow as professional networks that contain official release information as well as connection movement or sharing experience in business environment. B2B social media help to increase the brand awareness as the company which successfully adopt social media as part of the operation target the end-user as being a consumers or the people who can be influenced. B2B communication channels explore the the area of establishing the prospect...
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...Gastronomy and the World’s Culture A Recipe for Success or Disaster? Aims and Objectives Numerous divisions exist within a single culture based solely upon differences in preparation, ingredients, methods of eating, traditions, and so on. Numerous objectives will be addressed: globalization and emigration’s effect on cultural food and drink; tourism’s spread of cultural gastronomic competitiveness and misunderstandings; international messaging in cultural gastronomy; the media’s effect on cultural traditions; marketing and thematic cultural cuisine portrayal to the public; the demographic impact on specific cultural cohesion and continuance in gastronomic areas; aesthetic effects and interpretation as gastronomically pertinent; the physiology, emotional, social, and psychological responses triggered by cultural cuisine and the contrary effects when altered or deliberately changed; and the economics of cultural cuisine’s purity or forced changes. The purpose of this study will be to identify, explore, compare, and educate the reader concerning major world cultures over the centuries, particularly as it applies to gastronomy and cultural division in the world today. Introduction Gastronomy is the scientific categorization for the process of eating – searching, procurement, and preparation of food – with a focus on preserving mankind’s existence. It is gastronomy which motivates vine dressers, hunters, hybrid cultivators, and cooks/chefs in preparing food for human...
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...Student-ID: H00172723 Course Title: Critical Writing and analysis Course Code: C07CP Assignment Title: ‘Final Essay’ Word Count: 2,561 Social media at small businesses Introduction Social media is defined ‘as the way in which people interact to create, share, and exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks’ (Katona & Sarvary, 2014). Few of the most common social media platforms are differentiated into social networks (such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Google+, instant messaging), collaboration networks (examples: slideshare, Wikipedia, Prezi, Google docs, Zoho docs, survey monkey), image sharing (Instagram, Flickr, Pinterest and Picasa), blogging (Tumblr, Blogger and Word-press), micro-blogging (Twitter) and video-sharing platform (YouTube, Blip and Vimeo). Apple does not use Facebook or Twitter for social media marketing because it is a multinational corporation, but not every business is as large scale and successful as Apple. Social media now represents a new horizon of marketing opportunities to businesses. Marketing is a practice, which establishes what products or services the customers might be interested in. Social media supports the development of marketing of businesses, to have a different perception about the brand; this allows creative methods to implement basic marketing. Social media marketing provides the tools that the businesses needs to be able to observe discussions through the internet efficiently (Assaad and Gómez, 2011)...
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...Introduction The assumption that economics and psychology are directly related disciplines rests upon various inferences made during the last decades and advanced by famous researchers such as Daniel Kahneman, W. Brian Arthur, Hugo Münsterberg, George Katona or Günther Schmölders. Although the perception today is that both fields are closely related, throughout history, the homogeneity between economics and psychology was not adequately elaborated. The challenge to introduce psychological concepts into economics appeared to be difficult and it was even more daunting 30 years ago, (Kahneman, 2003). Up to the present time, both disciplines have borrowed concepts from each other and tried to contribute to the improvement of theories developed...
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...International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy 2007, 7, 3, 381-391 Factors that affect decision making: gender and age differences María L. Sanz de Acedo Lizárraga*1, María T. Sanz de Acedo Baquedano1, y María Cardelle-Elawar2 1 2 Universidad Pública de Navarra, España Arizona State University West, USA ABSTRACT In this study, the influence of gender and age in the importance allocated to several factors in the decision process was investigated from a naturalistic perspective. For this purpose, the Decision-Making Questionnaire, DMQ was administered to a sample of 589 participants (294 men and 295 women) of ages between 18-80 years old, who were grouped into three developmental stages: youths 18-25 years (n= 207; 97 men and 110 women); adults 26-65 years (n= 205; 110 men and 95 women), and retired persons 66-80 years (n= 177; 87 men and 90 women). The statistical analyses revealed significant differences due both to gender and age in participants’ perception of the factors that determine their decision processes. Keywords: Decision-making, Decision task, Gender, Age. RESUMEN En este estudio se investigó, desde el enfoque naturalista, la influencia que tienen el sexo y la edad en la importancia que se otorga a ciertos factores en el proceso de decisión. A tal fin, se aplicó el Cuestionario de Toma de Decisiones (CTD) a una muestra formada por 589 participantes (294 hombres, 295 mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 80 años, agrupados en...
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...In this report, i am going to explain why the reality of buying a specific product may be quite different from the consumer's perceptions of the product. Using a detailed format, i will clearly explain the major reasons why products and services do not actually reach the expectations of consumers based on their perception of the product before purchasing it. Firstly, let me tell you a short story which i stumbled upon during my research; "In early 1898, during the America's era of agriculture which preceded the industrial revolution, “the family” was both a producing and consuming unit. Domestic arts furnished the major share of consumption goods, and the limited manufacturing was largely accomplished by local craftsmen. You see, consumer expectations in the marketplace were not a serious problem when the family itself produced most of the essentials for everyday life. With home produced goods, the consumer of the goods had firsthand knowledge of their quality and workmanship. As for the few items that were purchased, the buyer had a much better understanding of the techniques of production and the tests of quality than do most consumers today. Businesses today are generally considered to be doing a better job for consumers than ever before. In the words of Otto Kleppner, "...Today's average refrigerator has a far better refrigerant, a better motor, better insulation, and larger storage space than the costliest model of twenty years ago. Canned soups today have better...
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...Module Code: EO314 Module Title: ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS Module Convenor: Stephen Smith ID: 03004367 Topic: INTERNATIONAL TRADE This project will attempt to research and gain an understating of whether there is linkage between trade liberalisation and poverty in (SSA) sub Saharan Africa. The project will contain a balance of key analytical approaches and empirical evidence on trade liberalisation and economic growth. In the world of economics and politics, trade and poverty is one of the major issues which has been debated over last decade. On the international stage, there is a growing concern among super powers, African leaders, and other observers that the independence and credibility of the state continues to be endangered due to the negative balance of trade, heavy dependence on international aid and the high levels of indebtedness in Sub Saharan Africa. The debt relief has come to be viewed not only as a basic condition for arresting Africa’s socio-economic decline but also for stimulating and sustaining development. Consequently, debt has had an adverse impact on the majority of the population, poverty, unemployment and socio-economic, inequalities has increased, physical infrastructures has deteriorated, political and civil conflicts have worsened and corruption has become more persistent. The concern with how to tackle the debt crisis has led to a number of developments, however the main one is for the G-8 countries to have adopted...
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