...Literature Citation When writing a research paper, literature citation is important for the following two reasons: (1) to avoid plagiarism (which is against the student code of conduct and is grounds for failing the course) and (2) to assign proper authority to a statement (this adds weight to your paper). You may use any style of literature citation as long as the proper authorities are cited in the text and full references are provided at the end of your paper. Here is an example of a style that is common in the biological literature. In-Text Citations Whether you are directly quoting or paraphrasing, your reference is cited in the text, before the end of the statement. The in-text citation consists of the author(s) last name(s) and the year of publication. For example, Drosophila magnaquinaria, fruit flies that are only found on skunk cabbage, prefer other hosts for feeding, egg-laying, and larval development than they do skunk cabbage (Courtney and Kibota, 1990). If there are more than two authors, then you may list the first author’s name followed by et al. For example, Mutational studies of Daphnia, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis, and Escherichia all provide estimates for the genomic deleterious mutation rate (Lynch et al., 1999). If you don’t know the name of the author (if the information comes from a website, for example), then you may list the website title or URL in place of the author’s name). Example Literature Cited Section The Literature Cited Section provides complete...
Words: 550 - Pages: 3
...University of Lethbridge – Faculty of Management MANAGEMENT 3100 Intermediate Financial Accounting I Course Outline – Fall 2014 Instructor: Carla Carnaghan, Ph.D., CISA, CMA Office & Hours: Calgary Campus office, 5:00 – 6:00pm Thursdays. Please email for appointment, and for alternative times. Office hours may be done in person, with Webex, or by phone, and for smaller issues with email. E-mail: Carla.Carnaghan@uleth.ca (emails received in the evening, particularly after 10 PM, may not be responded to until the next day) Telephone: 1- 403-329-2351 (Lethbridge office – Please use e-mail where possible) Class Times: Y Section: Th 1800-2050 (S6013A) Course Web Page: on Moodle Course Pre-requisites* Prerequisites: MGT 2400; ECON 1010 and 1012 and STAT 1770 or admission to the CA Bridging Program/Professional Diploma in Accounting; a minimum C- grade is required in all prerequisite courses; MGT 3040 (co-requisite) * It is the responsibility of students to check the prerequisites for courses before registration. If students are registered in a course for which they do not have the prerequisites, and they have not received prior permission from the appropriate program chair, they can be de-registered. If this occurs after the drop/add date, tuition will not be refunded. Course Objectives Building from MGT 2100, this course examines the accounting concepts, principles, judgments, and techniques used...
Words: 6524 - Pages: 27
...pencil or quill pen was for the last several hundred years. Fifteen years ago, few people knew what a personal computer was. Now personal computers are ubiquitous. With the proliferation of personal computers and linked computer networks, there has been an increase in the amount of information produced, as well as new avenues of finding the information. Personal Knowledge Management (PKM) attempts to utilize the computer to help the individual manage the information explosion in a meaningful way. What is personal knowledge management? It’s a system designed by individuals for their own personal use. Knowledge management has been described by Davenport and Prusak as a systematic attempt to create, gather, distribute, and use knowledge. Lethbridge characterizes it as the process of acquiring, representing, storing and manipulating the categorizations, characterizations and definitions of both things and their relationship. PKM, as conceived at the Anderson School, is a conceptual framework to organize and integrate information that we, as individuals, feel is important so that it becomes part of our personal knowledge base. It provides a strategy for transforming what might be random pieces of information into something that can be systematically applied and that expands our personal knowledge. For whom is PKM designed? It was initially geared toward UCLA MBA students. It has since been introduced to corporate managers who have found it useful. And in the past year several dot-coms...
Words: 1972 - Pages: 8
...(1) Rethinking the boundaries of social marketing: activism or advertising? By Walter Wymer Journal of Business Research - J BUS RES , vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 99-103, 2010 Article Review: Walter Wymer is currently a faculty member in the Management department of University of Lethbridge, Canada. He has done extensive research in areas of nonprofit organizations’ marketing strategies and their effectiveness. His areas of expertise are nonprofit studies, volunteerism, business ethics and social activism. In the above mentioned article, Wymer aims to highlight the ineffectiveness of tactics of social marketers in trying to promote healthy food consumption by the public. The main focus of the article is to imply that conservative approach of social marketing in no longer helpful in yielding positive response from the people and a more rigorous approach is needed to negate the unhealthy consumer behavior. Marketing strategies around the world are enhancing, more and more is being invested in trying to influence peoples’ decisions and behaviors through marketing and advertisements. Social marketing agencies are highly lacking the right skills needed to direct the behavior of consumers whereas commercial marketing industries are vigilantly taking advantage of the wide array of mediums like television, radio, internet, social media websites, blogs, vlogs, etc to promote their products. Wymer emphasizes about the extent of influence on people created by commercial...
Words: 1985 - Pages: 8
...University of Lethbridge Course: MGT 3650 – B (Introduction to International Business) Instructor: Dr. Rehana Afaqi Research Paper Three Approaches That Will Help in Comparing Cultural Differences By Emmanuel Makoni, Sonia Jerin & Laren Michel Due Date: November 6th 2014 Introduction: There are around 196 countries in the world and the cultures and values differ between the different countries. There are still similarities in some of the culture traits. In today’s world people are more willing to engage in global business and for this reason they need to be able to adapt to the different cultures. As the cultures vary from country to country, people around the world may face many difficulties during their communication. Many businesses have failed due to the fact that they failed to fully assess the market they were entering in. The paper will portray three different approaches that will aid in understanding cultural differences that can be utilized as effective tools in conducting global business. These approaches are known as the context approach, the cluster approach and the dimension approach. 1. Context Approach: This is one of the three main approaches to understand cultural differences. Context approach is considered as the most straightforward as it relies on a single dimension. In addition, there are two parts of the context approach, known as: (i) High context cultures and (ii) Low context cultures. The two types of contexts have different cultures...
Words: 2346 - Pages: 10
...ASSESSING THE POWER OF PORTER'S DIAMOND MODEL IN THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN MEXICO AFTER TEN YEARS OF NAFTA SALVADOR BARRAGAN Master in Business Administration, IPADE Business School, 1996 BSc in Industrial Engineering, Universidad Panamericana, 1994 A Research Project Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of the University of Lethbridge in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MANAGEMENT Faculty of Management University of Lethbridge LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA © Salvador Barragán, 2005 ii Abstract It has been ten years since the signature of the NAFTA agreement among Canada, U.S., and Mexico. For Mexico, this was a decisive step away from a protectionism model toward a free trade market. One of the main purposes for Mexico in joining NAFTA was to increase the competitiveness of its manufacturing sector, especially the automotive industry. In this paper, Porter’s Diamond Model of national competitiveness and some critiques that attempt to extend the usefulness of the model are analyzed. The Doubled Diamond and the role of MNEs in a host country are both examined through a case study research of the foreign-owned automobile industry in Mexico. The findings of this study show evidence of a broader role of MNEs than in the original framework, as well as the usefulness of the doubled diamond extension to explain alternative sources of competitiveness in early stages of development. iii Acknowledgments...
Words: 29762 - Pages: 120
................................................................................................................ 8 Technological Customer Service Integration ...................................................8 Aging Infrastructure capacity .............................................................................9 New Technology Growth and its Falling Costs.................................................9 Economic .................................................................................................................... 10 Global Recession and Uncertain Economic Outlook .....................................10 High Input Price/Volatility Leads to Energy Price Increases .........................10 Trouble in the Pulp and Paper...
Words: 14293 - Pages: 58
...FCjhANALYZING CHINA’S AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH PORTER’S DIAMOND MODEL DI WU Bachelor of Management, University of Lethbridge, 2004 A Research Project Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of the University of Lethbridge in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MANAGEMENT Faculty of Management University of Lethbridge LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA © Di Wu, 2006 (Approval/ Signature page) ii Abstract This paper incorporates Porter’s diamond model to analyze China’s automobile industry. Besides looking at the four determinants of competitiveness in the original model, this study specifically examines the impact of government on industry competitiveness. This study retrieves archival data on multi-measurements used in prior studies. The author incorporates one case study of a Chinese auto firm to illustrate the specific impact of government policy and the responses of auto assemblers and component suppliers. Interviews with experts in auto-related industries are conducted to triangulate the findings. Results show that the Chinese auto industry is still in its early stages of development, whereas product quality and economies of scale of domestic automakers are approaching global standards; thus Chinese auto firms aim at becoming major players in the international market. The government plays an active role in assisting the industry development as the nation transitions from a planned economy to a free...
Words: 30906 - Pages: 124
...Nordstrom: Balancing Sales with Employee Satisfaction Team Seven Andrea Boras Chinny Eneh Dylan Trenhaile Jim Le Matt Macleod Oluwayemisi Dipeolu University of Lethbridge Nordstrom: Balancing Sales with Employee Satisfaction Nordstrom is an upscale fashion specialty retailer based in Seattle. From its humble beginnings in 1901, John. W. Nordstrom has created a dynasty and currently operates 121 full line stores operating in Canada and the United States (Nordstrom, 2015). They operate through two different segments: retail and credit. The retail segment, which will be the focus of this study, consists of: full line stores, rack stores, its online store, and other retail channels. The credit segment consists of providing a private credit card, two visa cards and a debit card through its wholly owned federal savings bank (Reuters). Nordstrom pioneered the concept of department store commission selling, introducing it in the 1960s. The company prides itself on creating a culture that enables their employees to be extremely entrepreneurial while remaining intensely loyal to the company (Baker, 1990). Most of Nordstrom customers, along with their competitors, recognize that Nordstrom has top-tier customer service and a very competitive return policy. That same return policy comes with a cost, particularly for the sales associates as their commissions are negatively impacted by clients returning items in the future. In addition, the high emphasis placed on customer service...
Words: 4018 - Pages: 17
...S w 908E04 STARS AIR AMBULANCE: AN INFORMATION SYSTEMS CHALLENGE Professors Malcolm C. Munro and Sid Huff wrote this case solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. Ivey Management Services prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmittal without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail cases@ivey.uwo.ca. Copyright © 2008, Ivey Management Services Version: (A) 2008-02-26 In a hangar near Calgary International Airport, three sleek red BK117 helicopters sat waiting to be dispatched to accident sites in southern Alberta. In an adjoining building overlooking a landing strip, dispatch staff quietly monitored multiple screens at a dozen workstations in the Emergency Link Centre. In the pilots’ lounge and surrounding offices, helicopter pilots, nurses and paramedics were on standby 24 hours a day, seven days a week. A myriad of other professionals, including experts in clinical operations...
Words: 4730 - Pages: 19
...Evolution of Tool in Relation to Thinking Capability Zehua (Echo) Wang University of Lethbridge MGT 5120 & MGT 5125 Instructor: Dr. John M. Usher Dec. 12, 2011 People interact with external material world by making use of resources and producing specific products or effect. In this procedure, thinking plays a crucial role in guiding the exact behavior, and tools are the objective medium people make use of. “Tool use” is a signal which distinguishes humanity from animal species. The capability of making and using tool facilitates human’s thinking ability. The more diverse tools are used the more open thinking become. Evolution of tools describes how people’s thinking is changed by tool use, and how thinking becomes increasingly complex and systematic. Tool evolved from tangible tools, for example hammer, rope, bottle, to intangible tools, like academic theories, thinking techniques, and etc. Between these two extreme pole, there are some medium segments exist, such as Internet and other kind of technology. Tools improve productivity, they help people to expand in spaces and gain creativity, but some specific tools might constrain people’s thinking, and become an obstacle which rejects progress of thinking. Purpose of writing this paper is to illustrate how tool produce and too use facilitate people’s thinking, and this process will starts from material-based thinking, and then go into abstract thinking. Considering the historical fact of tool...
Words: 4980 - Pages: 20
...S w 908E04 STARS AIR AMBULANCE: AN INFORMATION SYSTEMS CHALLENGE Professors Malcolm C. Munro and Sid Huff wrote this case solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. Ivey Management Services prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmittal without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail cases@ivey.uwo.ca. Copyright © 2008, Ivey Management Services Version: (A) 2008-02-26 In a hangar near Calgary International Airport, three sleek red BK117 helicopters sat waiting to be dispatched to accident sites in southern Alberta. In an adjoining building overlooking a landing strip, dispatch staff quietly monitored multiple screens at a dozen workstations in the Emergency Link Centre. In the pilots’ lounge and surrounding offices, helicopter pilots, nurses and paramedics were on standby 24 hours a day, seven days a week. A myriad of other professionals, including experts in clinical operations, aviation...
Words: 4730 - Pages: 19
...S w 908E04 STARS AIR AMBULANCE: AN INFORMATION SYSTEMS CHALLENGE Professors Malcolm C. Munro and Sid Huff wrote this case solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. Ivey Management Services prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmittal without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail cases@ivey.uwo.ca. Copyright © 2008, Ivey Management Services Version: (A) 2008-02-26 In a hangar near Calgary International Airport, three sleek red BK117 helicopters sat waiting to be dispatched to accident sites in southern Alberta. In an adjoining building overlooking a landing strip, dispatch staff quietly monitored multiple screens at a dozen workstations in the Emergency Link Centre. In the pilots’ lounge and surrounding offices, helicopter pilots, nurses and paramedics were on standby 24 hours a day, seven days a week. A myriad of other professionals, including experts in clinical operations...
Words: 4730 - Pages: 19
...2011 European Year of Volunteering Volunteering in the European Union with main focus on Polish practices Radosław Eryk Bachorz 001128610 Management 3710A - Fall 2011 Professor Patty Vadnais University of Lethbridge November 19th 2011 Introduction 3 Volunteering in the European Union 4 Volunteering in Poland 5 Recent trends in volunteering in European Union and around the world 6 Challenges of volunteering in Poland 8 2011 European Year of Volunteering 11 Strategic partners 12 How to get involved in volunteering initiatives? 14 Poland as a participant of 2011 European Year for Volunteering 15 Polish priorities for the European Year of Volunteering 16 Promoting and Communicating the message of EYV 2011 17 Main events 18 Beyond 2011 – Volunteering Development Plans for EU and Poland 19 Final thoughts 24 Introduction Volunteering fosters social cohesion and social inclusion. Volunteering implies sharing and helping others, and in this way develops solidarity. Voluntary activities increase peoples’ tolerance towards disadvantaged groups in society and help reduce racism and prejudice. Volunteering has also been recognised as a way of offering new learning opportunities...
Words: 6959 - Pages: 28
...2012 International Business Globalization - Volkswagen Akshayita Saxena Anirudh Kunjal Avinash Unni Nair Nilisha Aggarwal Rahul Raghunathan Raj Jatheendran Santosh Gaurav Volkswagen – Das Auto INTRODUCTION : A BRIEF HISTORY Volkswagen, in English, translates to “people’s car”, and the German Labour Front originally founded this company in 1937, with the sole purpose of manufacturing cars for the common man, in a German car market dominated by luxury cars. The People’s car, available at a mere 990 Mark, was positioned around factors such as better fuel efficiency, reliability, ease-of-use and economy of usage. Its first prototype, the kdF-Wagen, had a distinctive round shape to its design (the Beetle continues with this design even today) and had about 336,000 takers. By 1946, the Wolfsburg factory was producing close to 1000 cars a month, a remarkable feat in those times. Post the 2nd World War, Volkswagen served as an icon for the resurrection of West Germany, and showed signs of international expansion by selling its first model in the United States of America in 1949, and its sales services were standardized there by 1955. The Golf Type-I model, was given the title “Beetle” by the quirky, hugely popular advertisement campaigns run in the U.S. then, and was officially adopted by Volkswagen only in 1998. By 1961, VW expanded its production line to include Type-III and Type-IV models, and in 1964, VW bought over the Auto Union and the NSU, successfully creating a merger...
Words: 6449 - Pages: 26
