...depression. Also, they expected to find that environmental influences are time sensitive whereas genetic factors are more stable through time. In preparation and guidance for this study, the authors reviewed several other studies focusing on the direction on influence and correlative representativeness of anxiety sensitivity, anxiety and depression. It was previously found in a majority of studies, that anxiety preceeds depression but it was very unclear of whether or not depression predicts anxiety sensitivity. Several studies also showed that anxiety sensitivity explains variance in anxiety as unrelated to trait anxiety. In regards to heredity and environmental factors, genetic factors were shown to contribute more towards the stability of symptoms over time and environmental factors were shown to be responsible for change. For this study, data from the G1219 study, which is a longitudinal study of 3640 adolescent twins and siblings from the ages of 12-29 years, was used. The sample consisted of 168 monozygotic male, 199 monozygotic female, 138 dizygotic male and 190 dizygotic female candidates. Zygosity was established through a questionnaire answered by the mothers of the candidates. The authors compared the education levels and housing tenure of the parents with a large nationally...
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...important factor in joint lubrication and the building of cartilage. It also helps with production of energy, cell function, and metabolism. Water also helps the body by maintaining temperature (sweat). Another important function is the removal of waste from the body (uric acids). Water is Essential The amount of water need varies. It depends on age, temperature, and activities. Children need more hydration than adults. The elderly also need more hydration because the levels drop with age. Participation in physical activity will also increase the need for proper hydration. In hotter climates or physical activity it is easier to become dehydrated. As the body produces sweat to cool its temperature, hydration levels drop. Dehydration Symptoms and Issues Dehydration can have devastating consequences. It can make a person very ill or even cause death. Water is essential for all life. There is no chance for survival without adequate amounts of water to stay hydrated. Because the brain is 70% water, dehydration can cause confusion or even coma. When the body is dehydrated the blood flow to the brain slows...
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...and showing all the same symptoms (allergies, asthma, rash, and stomach diseases), I decided to do something about it. Looking for information, I understood that our environment was not to blame but the gas company might have something to do with this. These types of companies could easily put the health from the people around them in danger if they do not follow the applicable laws or their safety policy is not followed strictly. These companies operations are regulated by the federal government and some environmental protecting agencies. If they do not follow strict safety rules they might end up putting harmful chemicals into groundwater, or contaminate the air with vapor. The people around these type of installations could ingest or absorb these contaminants when they drink the water or have any contact with it. These contaminants are harmful to the human body and can lead to illness and in some cases even death. During my research I talked about the issue with some experts in the topic. Government personnel that works with environmental preservation, like some EPA representatives and the Environmental Working Group. They were very helpful, provided us with all the information needed to support our suspicions and clear any doubts we could had. I also got some help from a good number of citizens to do perform a community health study. The study revealed the real amount of people that were presenting symptoms, how many were hospitalized...
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...Kleine–Levin syndrome: Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment Santosh Ramdurg Author information ► Article notes ► Copyright and License information ► This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Go to: ------------------------------------------------- Abstract Kleine–Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare sleep disorder mainly affecting teenage boys in which the main features are intermittent hypersomnolence, behavioral and cognitive disturbances, hyperphagia, and in some cases hypersexuality. Each episode is of brief duration varying from a week to 1–2 months and affected people are entirely asymptomatic between episodes. No definite cause has been identified, and no effective treatments are available even though illness is having well-defined clinical features. Multiple relapses occur every few weeks or months, and the condition may last for a decade or more before spontaneous resolution. In this study, PubMed was searched and appropriate articles were reviewed to highlight etiology, clinical features, and management of KLS. On the basis of this knowledge, practical information is offered to help clinicians about how to investigate a case of KLS, and what are the possible treatment modalities available currently for the treatment during an episode and interepisodic period for prophylaxis. Comprehensive research into the etiology, pathophysiology, investigation, and treatments are required to aid the development of disease-specific targeted therapies. Keywords: Hypersomnia...
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...stalk to hold his balance. He fell off from a 12 feet high coconut tree with his lower back. He then suddenly felt a blurring vision and loss of consciousness approximately 2 minutes. 2 minutes later, he gained his consciousness with unbearable pain in the lumbar area radiating to the lower extremities associated with numbness and unbearable pain (with a scale of 10) .There were no other symptoms such as vomiting and headache. He then placed in flat firm surfaced wood and brought home. He was then noticed to have a mass in the lumbar area at the level of L2-L3 measuring 5cm x2.5 described as reddish, non-movable and tender. There were no medications taken, patient was more confined to bed. 9 days prior to visit, patient’s condition worsened, patient now complaint of hypogastric distention and inability to void with aggravating tenderness over his both lower extremities associated with numbness now with inability to move both extremities. Still no medications taken, they sought consult to “tambalan” and did manipulation on both lower extremities and lumbar area. There was no relief of symptom noted. Patient then decided to seek consultation at Rural...
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...THE HAMILTON RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION (to be administered by a health care professional) Patient’s Name Date of Assessment To rate the severity of depression in patients who are already diagnosed as depressed, administer this questionnaire. The higher the score, the more severe the depression. For each item, write the correct number on the line next to the item. (Only one response per item) 1. DEPRESSED MOOD (Sadness, hopeless, helpless, worthless) 0= 1= 2= 3= Absent These feeling states indicated only on questioning These feeling states spontaneously reported verbally Communicates feeling states non-verbally—i.e., through facial expression, posture, voice, and tendency to weep 4= Patient reports VIRTUALLY ONLY these feeling states in his spontaneous verbal and nonverbal communication 2. FEELINGS OF GUILT 0= 1= 2= 3= 4= 3. SUICIDE 0= 1= 2= 3= 4= 4. Absent Self reproach, feels he has let people down Ideas of guilt or rumination over past errors or sinful deeds Present illness is a punishment. Delusions of guilt Hears accusatory or denunciatory voices and/or experiences threatening visual hallucinations Absent Feels life is not worth living Wishes he were dead or any thoughts of possible death to self Suicidal ideas or gesture Attempts at suicide (any serious attempt rates 4) INSOMNIA EARLY 0= No difficulty falling asleep 1= Complains of occasional difficulty falling asleep —i.e., more than 1/2 hour 2= Complains...
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...experience muscle tingling, muscle weakness, or paralysis? If so we need to talk. Guillain-Barre Syndrome is a disorder that occurs when the body’s defense (immune) system mistakenly attacks part of the nervous system (Guillain-Barre Syndrome, 2009). This leads to nerve inflammation that causes muscle weakness. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, we need to get you informed on what could be the possible diagnosis. Guillain-Barre Syndrome has several symptoms can present themselves very quickly but weakness increasing over several days is common (Guillain-Barre Syndrome, 2009). Muscle weakness or paralysis happens on both sides of the body, starting in lower extremities and traveling upwards. Clumsiness or tingling of hand or foot is one of the first symptoms to arise. If the diaphragm is affected additional help breathing could be needed. Symptoms include loss of reflexes, muscle weakness, loss of muscle function, decreased sensation, numbness, sensation changes, tenderness, muscle pain, uncoordinated movement, blurred vision, falling, difficulty moving facial muscles, palpitations, and muscle contraction. Watch for symptoms that need emergency attention like breathing stops, can’t take a deep breath, difficulty breathing or swallowing, drooling, fainting, or feeling light heading (Guillain-Barre Syndrome, 2009). Guillain-Barre Syndrome occurs at any age but average is between 30-50 years of age. At this time there in no known cause. Possible triggers for the...
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...primarily affects children under 5 years old. In this essay, I will talk about the transmission, types of polio and symptoms, treatments, and prevention of the disease. First, polio is transmitted from person to person. It is mainly transmitted through a fecal- oral route. “Poliovirus virions are very stable, especially in in acidic pH, and can remain infectious for relatively long periods in food and water, its main routes of transmission. The incubation period ranges from 6 to 20 days” (1). Once the virus is ingested it multiplies in the mucosa of the throat or small intestine. From here, the virus goes into the tonsils and lymph nodes of the lymph nodes in the neck and the terminal potion of the small intestine. Sometimes the virus enters the blood stream and causes viremia. In more than 99% of those cases, the viremia lasts only for a short time and does not result in clinical disease. In the other less that 1% cases, the viremia persists and goes into the central nervous system and this causes paralytic polio. Next, there are three different types of polio. These three types include subclinical, non- paralytic, and paralytic. Subclinical polio does not affect the brain nor the spinal cord. About 95% of the cases of polio are subclinical cases. These patients might not experience any symptoms at all. Symptoms can include: headache, sore throat, fever, vomiting and...
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...biopsychosocial will be defined and a brief description of the patient will be given before discussing how this central nervous system condition has affected the patient. The patient’s primary symptoms affecting their mobility will be described, along with a secondary symptom which the patient is vulnerable to developing. Subsequently, the associated tertiary symptoms affecting the patient psychological state and social systems will be discussed before summarising the knowledge gained and how this will alter skills in future practice experiences. To respect and maintain patient confidentiality in line with the Nursing and Midwifery Councils 2008 code, a pseudonym will be used and will be referred to as Mary throughout this essay. Mary is a forty-nine year old female who was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis twenty-one years ago. In 2006 her mobility deteriorated after a significant relapse and as a result of her symptoms she has been confined to bed since 2010. Additionally Mary has mild speech difficulties, is doubly incontinent and has a history of depression. In 1977 George Engle developed the biopsychosocial model proposing that effects on a person’s health are a result of interactions between biological, psychological and social factors and not a single factor alone. Biological signs and symptoms are explored further by establishing the patient’s psychological state and social structure, for example their feelings, beliefs and relationships....
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...In chapter 6 on page 124, what I found interesting was how 1 percent of people in the United States and Canada have Celiac disease “a disorder in which the body can’t tolerate gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, barley, and sometimes oat”(Clark 124). I heard of this disease but never knew 1 percent of people had it and as I was reading, what caught my attention was how Celiac disease symptoms is difficult to detect and it vary from person to person, which is scary to know because somebody could have it and not know what the symptoms are could be dangerous. Also I learn that the disease in those people, activate gluten intestinal inflammation where damages in the small intestine occur, where it interfere with absorption of nutrients like calcium and iron which is serious because if no iron is absorbed it leads to anemia and if no calcium is absorbed it leads to osteoporosis....
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...The patient is a 72-year-old gentleman who is brought to the emergency room because of poor oral intake and loss of appetite. The patient really has had poor intake for the past 6 months. He has not eaten in the past 5 days. He usually has no appetite, but in the ED he is asking for food and cryine. He lives with a friend who called the EMS today because the patient had altered mental status. The patient had been seen in this hospital in April 2015 for elective outpatient thoracic aneurysm repair. During the procedure he was found to be in acute urinary retention, he had a foley placed and Flomax was given to him. He was discharged home with the foley for a follow-up, however the patient has had no followup. Walgreen's has been refilling...
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...1. Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity which could be a sign. In alcoholic cirrhosis, the portal vein becomes blocked, causing an increase in hydrostatic pressure. This leads to an increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure. Alcoholic cirrhosis also causes the liver to not produce enough albumin proteins. This lowers osmotic pressure in the vasculature, causing filtration out of the capillaries. The end effect is fluid leaking and gathering in the peritoneal cavity. Hepatomegaly can also be a sign. Alcohol abuse leads to liver scarring and swelling. The lower edge of the liver is normally not very palpable beneath the right lower ribcage, but as it swells it can be felt as an enlargement in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Neurological changes is another sign. Mrs. Fender's lack of coordination may be due to alcohol intoxication. Chronic central nervous system destruction can be due to long-term alcohol abuse. It's probably a combination of the two. Bruising can be easier, excessive bruising is probably the result of two problems: frequent falls when drunk and dysfunctional clotting. The liver normally produces most of the proteins that act as clotting factors in the blood. When it is diseased, production of these proteins stops and excessive bleeding occurs. 2. Lysosomes and peroxisomes are membranous organelles that consume toxins by endocytosis. Lysosomes contain acid hydrolases that digest the toxins so they can be safely eliminated by the...
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...commonly known as sebum is increased. Skin flaxes along with the excess sebum released from the sebaceous glands causes the formation of greasy skin flaxes which are commonly known as dandruff. Dandruff just not only affect the scalp but it also affects the eyebrows resulting in physical and social discomfort. So the best preventive measure for managing dandruff is to manage scalp eczema. If the scalp eczema remains in untreated condition for long time, then the overall skin health will be suffered. Remember that use of popular hair wash and hair oil cannot eliminate dandruff properly. By using these cosmetic items you may have a sudden benefit, but it will turn back soon in initial condition because the underlying cause has not been treated. Symptoms of Eczema: When a person suffers from scalp eczema, his/ her scalp skin becomes red in color and flaky which is associated with frequent itching. As a result other oily part of the face, nose and eyebrows can be affected. When scalp eczema enters into the ear cannel, then it initiates inflammation there and fluid starts to release from the ears. Discoloration occurs in the eczema affected part of the body and it is quite irreversible in nature. Treatment of Scalp Eczema: Scalp eczema cannot be cured permanently, but with proper medication, it can be controlled efficiently. Most of the scalp eczema medications are in the form of lotion, solution, spray and medicated shampoos. In normal scalp eczema condition, best choice is medicated shampoos...
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...(Taylor,2017) In people who have recurrent attacks of the disease which is rare means someone in their family has it too. In those cases, there may be a genetic predisposition to the disease. Some of the symptoms are sudden paralysis or weakness on one side of the face, changes in the amount of tears the eyes produce and difficulty with facial expressions to just list a few. Unfortunately, there are more it affects your hearing sounds may sound louder on affected side, your sense of taste may also be altered. There are chances of complications to which are irreversible, damage to the nerve, blindness in affected eye, misdirected growth of nerve fibers. In most cases, Bell’s palsy is a one-off and never happens again. About one in 10 people do have further attacks but this is more likely to occur in diabetics and where there is a family history of the condition. The average interval for recurrent attacks is 10 years and for most there is nothing...
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...EFFECT OF MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE VERSUS HOLD RELAX IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NON SPECIFIC NECK PAIN. INTRODUCTION: Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal problem. Neck pain without any identifiable underlying disease or abnormal anatomical structure is termed as non specific neck pain and it can results from postural and mechanical factors such as sprains and strains of the muscles or ligaments in the neck.1 symptoms of non specific neck pain includes pain develops in the neck and may spread to the shoulder or base of the skull, movement of the neck feels restricted and moving the neck may make the pain worse. Physical therapists attempt to manage patients with non specific neck pain by utilizing a wide variety of interventions including exercise and manual therapy. Muscle Energy Technique (MET) is one of the technique that...
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