...Evaluation of MRI in diagnosing Osteoarthritis Clinical Presentation: A 65-year-old female presents to a primary care office with bilateral knee joint stiffness and pain that has been increasing for “some time.” She has a BMI of 30, and states the pain is worse upon movement, but becomes manageable with short rest. The patient states that the pain in her left knee is noticeably worse than her right knee. The patient is now retired but used worked at a bakery that required frequent bending and standing for long periods of time. Physical exam showed a lack of range of motion and revealed mild tenderness to palpation of knees. The patient denies pain upon palpation of surrounding tissue. The patient also denies any recent trauma or injury to her lower, but stated that she did tear her meniscus in her left knee about 15 years ago. PICO: In patients who have suspected knee osteoarthritis is an CT scan alone sufficient for diagnosis based on the specificity and sensitivity of the test....
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...Name: Institution: Osteoarthritis is a disorder that is characterized y a progressive deterioration of the articular cartilage. This is the most common of all joint diseases and it affects more than 80% of people who reach the age of 70 years and above. Though the suffix of the disease indicate otherwise, osteoarthritis is not characterized by a situation of excessive joint inflammation a s is the case with rheumatoid arthritis. This disease is asymptomatic, especially in the early years of its development. As the disease progresses, the pain, stiffness and also a limitation of movement may develop and grow to something that will become serious with time. The common sites where discomfort is experienced around the vertebrae area, the hips and the knees, or is simple terms, joints that bear much of the weight of the body. The cause of this disorder is not completely clear, but biomechanical forces that usually place stress on joints are thought to interact with biochemical and genetic factors that contribute to osteoarthritis. In the early stages of the disorder, there is roughening and softening of the cartilage, and eventually, they wear away. The bone is deprived of its protective cover and it regenerates the destroyed tissue. The action results to an even remodeling of the surface...
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...Osteoarthritis is one of the most common ailments plaguing humanity. Since these pathological lesions are universal, osteoarthritis can be used to hypothesize behavioral changes in early populations (Bridges, 1992:67; Larsen, 1997:164-166; Waldron, 1995:385; 1992:235). There are multiple reasons for osteoarthritis to occur, and these can include repetitive use of a joint from exercise, activity, work, or even forced labor brought on during colonization. This degenerative disease is found in articulating joints. These are the joints that allow for movement in the body. Chronic breakdown of cartilage is the main cause of osteoarthritis and typically occurs from mechanical stressors, injury, and age. The effects of this breakdown, then...
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...Osteoarthritis (OA): Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of one or more joints over time. Cartilage, a type of dense connective fibrous tissue, is a protein substance that serves as a ‘cushion’ between the bones of the joints. OA is due to destruction or decrease of synovial fluid that lubricates those joints. Cartilages are natural shock absorbers which cushion the joints. When the cartilages breakdown, the bones in the joints come into direct contact and that causes acute pain. Cartilages which are located inside the joints are composed of water soaked in a wet sponge like substance. The spongy part consists of several components. One such component is chondrocytes. These are cells that form new cartilages, as well as different molecules which impart the typical structure to the sponge and enable it to hold together....
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...Review of Related Literature and Studies Joints and its Major Points Joint is located between two connected bones that allow a body part to move. A joint is made up of fibrous connective tissue and cartilage. Joints are also clustered based on their kind of motion: ball-and-socket joint; hinge joint; condyloid joint; pivot joint; gliding joint; and saddle joint. Joints can also move on four different ways: gliding; angular; circumduction; and rotation. (MedicineNet.com) Joints are found on different body parts and has different common joint name. As stated in ptdirect.com, Joints are located on the neck, intervertebral, shoulder, elbow, sacroiliac, hip, knee, and ankle. Noise made by Cracking Joints According to Dr. Campos (2007), from...
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...For those affected by osteoarthritis the quality and effectiveness of their treatment has a direct effect on their quality of life. Without effective treatment, pain and joint stiffening can hinder a person to the point that they can no longer mobilise, significantly increasing their risk of contracting a number of serious complications and comorbidities, such as deep vein thrombosis, pressure sores, pneumonia, weakness and decreased range of movement in the joints. Unfortunately no cure exists for osteoarthritis at present, as the mechanism by which it arises and progresses is still not completely understood. Therefore, the goal of treatment is to alleviate the signs and symptoms of the disease and, if possible, to slow its progression Controlling pain and the mechanisms that cause pain is currently the most effective method of preventing this condition from becoming debilitating. Each patient’s treatment is individual and based on assessing several factors, such as severity of the osteoarthritis, the affected joints, the nature of the symptoms, any existing medical conditions, their age, occupation, lifestyle factors and activities of daily living. The treatment ranges from at home care to physiotherapy, orthopaedic aids and orthoses, pharmacological treatment, and finally surgery and rehabilitation The first line of treatment in osteoarthritis is usually lifestyle changes such as exercise, weight reduction, and smoking cessation. These measures will give the body the best chance...
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...the lining of joints. It transpires when the protective cartilage on the ends of the bones to diminish and weaken. The most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the tissue that protects the ends of bones where joints are family. While osteoarthritis can harm many joints in the body, it typically affects joints in the spine, hands, knees and hips. ****Prevalence Health Impact Arthritis can limit mobility and make...
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...Review Article Knee Surg Relat Res 2012;24(4):193-200 http://dx.doi.org/10.5792/ksrr.2012.24.4.193 pISSN 2234-0726 · eISSN 2234-2451 Knee Surgery & Related Research Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis Young-Mo Kim, MD, PhD and Yong-Bum Joo, MD, PhD Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research Institue for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea Patellofemoral arthritis is a fairly common disease, and it has been gaining interest with increasing number of studies due to its diverse treatment methods. Patellofemoral arthritis has a broad range of management options according to the characteristics of individual diseases. Identifying whether patellofemoral arthritis is the primary cause of knee pain and is compartment arthritis is necessary for establishing an adequate treatment method. rough investigation of the literature, the issues of recent knowledge of femoropatella arthritis and the diagnosis and treatment of which were studied. Key words: Patellofemoral arthritis, Diagnosis, Treatment. Introduction Unicompartmental arthritis of the knee generally refers to not only tibiofemoral arthritis but also to disorders of the patella and the cartilage. In particular, isolated patellofemoral arthritis is a relatively common disorder for which there has been increasing research regarding its treatment methods. Patellofemoral arthritis occurs due to the loss of the cartilage of the patella and the trochlear groove in approximately half...
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...Textbook Review: What is Osteoarthritis? Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal condition and is a long-term chronic disease “characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage with hypertrophy of the underlying and adjacent bone” Without the articular cartilage providing a smooth surface for one bone to glide over another, it will cause stiffness, pain, and impaired movement. Osteoarthritis is related to age but associated with a variety of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, including obesity, lack of exercise, genetic predisposition, bone density, occupational injury, trauma, and gender. Osteoarthritis is the major cause of disability in elderly populations. There are two types of osteoarthritis: primary...
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...What is Osteoarthritis? Osteoarthritis (or OA for short) is the most common type of arthritis and is associated with joint pain and reduced range of motion and quality of life. It is a vast, chronic condition which affects the weight bearing joints and involves biomechanical, morphologic and biochemical alterations of the matrix and cells of the bone. Common symptoms are pain in the affected joint area and loss of mobility however, structural changes may occur without any accompanying symptoms. In itself, OA is not a life threatening condition although it can affect considerably the quality of life. OA can be classified depending on the number of joints affected, the site which it affects and also the type. By type, one means whether it is inflammatory, generalised (affects many joints) or erosive (David & Lloyd, 1998). Osteoarthritis may also be divided into primary idiopathic or secondary. In primary OA there are no preceding injuries or trauma which could have caused it. The main cause is repetitive stress on the joint and cumulative changes to the joint surfaces. It is typically found in women over the age of forty five which repeatedly stress the same joints such as the knees and hips. Secondary OA, on the other hand, is caused by a previous condition, injury or disease. Injury to the joint, gout, rheumatoid arthritis and even obesity may eventually lead to the development of secondary OA (Koopman, 2000) Osteoarthritis Affecting the Knee Joint The knee is the most...
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...Case Study Three CC: Jose Santa Cruz (JS) is a 68 y/o Native American male and retired construction worker. JS no longer works at this time, except to watch his grandchildren occasionally. ID: 68 y/o Native American Male, retired construction worker. CC: Rt knee pain x many years; epigastric burning with food x 2 weeks with dark stools. HPI: Pt c/o previous history rt knee pain for many years. He also c/o epigastric burning over past 2 weeks, and newly noted dark stools with no other prior history. Onset of rt knee pain approximately 7-8 years ago and increasing at this time. Epigastric burning onset is described as 2 weeks ago with dark stools noticed over past couple days. The location of his knee pain is centered over knee joint. Epigastric pain is focused in the mid to rt upper abd per Pt. Characteristics of his rt knee pain include occasional sharpness with an ongoing ache. His epigastric pain is characterized as burning which occasionally wakes him at night. He describes his stools over the past 1-2 days as dark-black in color, but not tarry in texture. JS denotes aggravating knee pain with movement especially getting up and down, or any activities which put pressure on his knee. He states his epigastric burning is aggravated by certain foods, especially high spice foods. His stools are recently dark- no aggravating of the color change noted. Relief of rt knee pain has been attempted with Advil 800mg po tid without good pain control. JS has also tried...
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...human body. Joint pain is the result of an injury, infectious disease, or medical condition or is the result of structural damage within the joints. There are many different types of painful joints, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, gout, strains, sprains, etc. Joint pain is extremely common. Knee pain is the most common, followed by shoulder and hip pain, but joint pain can affect any part of your body,...
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...Instructions: 1. Download and Save this file with your name in the file name. (ex: Skeletal System Case Study-CharlieBrown) 2. Type your name in the header of this document. 3. Read the following case study. 4. Answer all the questions that follow by typing in your answer directly underneath each question. Be sure to answer each question completely. 5. When you finish, be sure to save the entire document for submission to your instructor. 6. Submit your document by the due date listed in your syllabus. Submission should be through the ASUN Portal. Upload your completed document—make sure the file you upload and mark as final has your answers typed in it! Note: You must UPLOAD the document and MARK AS FINAL for it to be properly “turned in” through the Portal. 7. Participate in the Class Discussions of this Case Study—this will be completed on the Discussion Forums page within the ASUN Portal. 8. Email me if you have any questions. The Skeletal System - Aging and Disease The skeletal system is required for nearly every body movement. It also supports the body at rest, protects vital organs, and produces blood cells. However, like any other system, it is susceptible to disease. Different diseases become more (or less) likely as the body ages. A few common diseases include scoliosis, arthritis, and osteoporosis Scoliosis Scoliosis is defined as an “s” or “c” shaped spinal curvature. It is most often diagnosed during adolescence...
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...I. Attention-Grabbing introduction: “LEECHES!!!” take a look at these pictures on the board and tell me what you think? …..Pretty crazy huh? Does anyone remember the film “Stand by Me” by chance….? There is a scene in this movie where 4 boys are running and decide to jump in a stream…as they walk out they notice these slimy slug like creatures all over their arms, backs, legs other private parts. As they start flinging these blood sucking creatures from their bodies and other areas that we won’t discuss.. Is one of many justified beliefs that these nasty segmented slimy, wormlike things sole purpose on this earth is to make you recoil in disgust simply from the sight of them…But wait! What if I told you that this same creature held and current serve as an important purpose in the medical field. II. Preview of 3 Main Points: Today I will give information about medical uses of leeches. There are three main points to touch on. First, what medical procedures utilize leeches? Second, why do we use leeches in the medical field. Third and finally, I will speak about the medical benefits of using leeches in medicine today. Thesis/ Specific Purpose Statement: Using these three main points, I will inform the audience of the medical uses and benefits of leeches. The Body: I. Point One: What medical procedures today utilize leeches? A. Sub-point A. 1). Reconstructive Surgery 2). Trauma Patients- In Austrailai 2004 a surfer gets mauled by a surfer on Bondi Beach...
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...website. Finally, a CAM treatment modality within one of the domains will be described and evaluated. Alternative medicine is the use of CAM as a replacement for conventional medicine such as faith healing ("alternative medicine," 2014). Conventional medicine does not play a role in alternative medicine because the conventional methods are discarded for the alternative methods. "An example of an alternative therapy is using a special diet to treat cancer instead of undergoing surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy that has been recommended by a conventional doctor" (NCCAM Clearinghouse, n.d.). Complementary medicine, unlike alternative medicine, is used in addition to conventional medicine. Conventional medicine plays a significant role in this case because it is the primary form of treatment and complementary medicine is used in conjunction with that treatment. An example would be the use of acupuncture as a complementary treatment to help minimize a...
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