...Behaviourist approach The behaviourist theory focuses on the study of observed behaviours and learning theories the three theories are; classical conditioning, operant conditioning and the social learning theory. Within the behaviourist approach there are three different theorists these are; Skinner, Bandura and Pavlov. The first learning theory was approached by the theorist Pavlov. The theory he approached was classical conditioning. This theory is pairing a reflex response with a stimuli. A reflex is an automatic reaction and a stimuli is anything in the environment. Pavlov then carried out an experiment with a dog to prove his theory; Pavlov knew that when animals see food they’re automatic reflex is to salivate, he also wanted to create a noise which the dog could respond to. An example of his experiment; Dog food salivate (reflex) Dog bell food salivate Dog bell salivate This experiment shows that when a dog hears the bell they know they are going to receive food making their automatic reaction to salivate activate. The second learning theory was approached by Skinner. The theory he approached was Operant conditioning. This theory is the reactions of others such as ‘shape’ behaviour. This theory has 3 different approaches these are; positive reinforcement, punishment and negative reinforcement. The first one is Positive reinforcement this encourages behaviour this could be using...
Words: 3058 - Pages: 13
...Behaviourist approach The behaviourist theory focuses on the study of observed behaviours and learning theories the three theories are; classical conditioning, operant conditioning and the social learning theory. Within the behaviourist approach there are three different theorists these are; Skinner, Bandura and Pavlov. The first learning theory was approached by the theorist Pavlov. The theory he approached was classical conditioning. This theory is pairing a reflex response with a stimuli. A reflex is an automatic reaction and a stimuli is anything in the environment. Pavlov then carried out an experiment with a dog to prove his theory; Pavlov knew that when animals see food they’re automatic reflex is to salivate, he also wanted to create a noise which the dog could respond to. An example of his experiment; Dog food salivate (reflex) Dog bell food salivate Dog bell salivate This experiment shows that when a dog hears the bell they know they are going to receive food making their automatic reaction to salivate activate. The second learning theory was approached by Skinner. The theory he approached was Operant conditioning. This theory is the reactions of others such as ‘shape’ behaviour. This theory has 3 different approaches these are; positive reinforcement, punishment and negative reinforcement. The first one is Positive reinforcement this encourages behaviour this could be using...
Words: 3058 - Pages: 13
...Behaviourist approach The behaviourist theory focuses on the study of observed behaviours and learning theories the three theories are; classical conditioning, operant conditioning and the social learning theory. Within the behaviourist approach there are three different theorists these are; Skinner, Bandura and Pavlov. The first learning theory was approached by the theorist Pavlov. The theory he approached was classical conditioning. This theory is pairing a reflex response with a stimuli. A reflex is an automatic reaction and a stimuli is anything in the environment. Pavlov then carried out an experiment with a dog to prove his theory; Pavlov knew that when animals see food they’re automatic reflex is to salivate, he also wanted to create a noise which the dog could respond to. An example of his experiment; Dog food salivate (reflex) Dog bell food salivate Dog bell salivate This experiment shows that when a dog hears the bell they know they are going to receive food making their automatic reaction to salivate activate. The second learning theory was approached by Skinner. The theory he approached was Operant conditioning. This theory is the reactions of others such as ‘shape’ behaviour. This theory has 3 different approaches these are; positive reinforcement, punishment and negative reinforcement. The first one is Positive reinforcement this encourages behaviour this could be using...
Words: 3058 - Pages: 13
...Ellie Richards Unit 4 P1 M1 P1- explain different types of business information, their sources and purposes Verbal communication is one of the best methods when it comes to communicating with another individual or individuals, this is because when you are emailing someone, the point you are trying to get across doesn’t always get their understanding, as they aren’t able to hear the tone of your voice to understand what it is you are meaning by what you are saying. Verbal communication can be done face to face, over the phone, or using devices such as Skype. Interacting face to face is also quicker and helps you get a better understanding of the information that the individual is giving to you, it also gives you the chance to ask any questions to the person who is providing you with this information, and it also helps you get to know other individuals. Verbal communication is something that people do in their everyday lives, and it’s something that people are used to. There for it’s probbaly the best method when it comes to communicating with people and getting information to individuals. An example when we had a good method of verbal communication was when the head teacher of Strode College (James Staniforth) done a presentation to all of the new students within the college on the first day. The main characteristics within the information that was provided, was to give all of the new students the information that they needed to know about the college. This included...
Words: 2566 - Pages: 11
...United Nations The United Nations is an organization established 24 October 1945. It was a replacement for the League of Nations. The UN was created following the Second World War to prevent another such conflict. The organization is financed by giving its member states a substantial fee. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict. The UN has an agreement with all other nation states to not get in conflict with each other and to settle differences in meetings to prevent another world war. It also makes them stronger as a military force as the UN is meant to back up a nation in the UN if they got in conflict with a country outside of the UN. NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a group that is made up of different member countries bordering the North Atlantic Ocean. This includes European countries with United States and Canada. NATO’s essential purpose is to safeguard the freedom and security of its members through political and military means. NATO member countries agree that if any one country is attacked, the other countries will come to help them. It's hoped this will stop military attacks on any NATO country. They also have high prevalence of humanitarian aid in helping areas affected by natural disasters and civil war. NATO promotes democracy...
Words: 1307 - Pages: 6
...Type of Business Information | The Source of the Information – Internal/external | The Purpose of the information – what is it used for? | Verbal Communication- Is the use of rounds and words to express your-self, especially in contrast to using gestures or mannerism. For example: Telephone, lectures, SMS, interviews, meetings. BMET college use verbal communications by teachers giving lectures to their students about their course. Another way BMET college communicates is via meetings and enrolments. In college managers have meetings with the staff meetings. BMET use lectures as a verbal communication by teachers presenting lectures to their students about their subject. When we started the college we got a small lecture about the course we had chosen. | Birmingham Metropolitan College has enrollment days provided for the students that want to join a new course’s or carry on their current course. On this day the internal source which is the HR (Human Resources) will make sure that there is enough staff on duty for each subject. Another internal source which would be needed is the security on that day; this is because of the safety of the college and the students who are inside the college. Another example of an internal source would be that the HR can provide information about the staffing and training within the college. So if college is hiring a new lecture the HR department would interview them and ask if they need or had any training done within the college. The external...
Words: 663 - Pages: 3
...Unit 37; P1 Explain the issues a business needs to consider in its operational activities. What is business ethics? Business ethics are moral principles that guide the way a business behaves. The same principles that determine an individual’s actions, it also applies to business. Read more: http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/anglo-american/business-ethics-and-corporate-social-responsibility/what-are-business-ethics.html#ixzz3XSqGf1O6 Outline some ethical issues facing a business of your choice. The business I’ve chosen is Tesco. Tesco faces a protest from the trade union Unite over the treatment of migrant workers in its meat and poultry supply chain at its annual meeting in Glasgow today. Another issue Tesco faced is the horse meat scandal. Tesco said the horsemeat scandal had a "small but discernible impact" on frozen and chilled convenience food sales. Some Tesco Everyday Value Spaghetti Bolognese contains 60% horsemeat, DNA tests by the retailer have found. The meal, withdrawn from sale on Tuesday, came from the French factory producing Findus beef lasagne, also at the centre of a row over horsemeat. Meanwhile, Environment Secretary Owen Paterson has told MPs of plans to test all processed beef in the UK. Tesco Group technical director Tim Smith said: "The frozen Everyday Value Spaghetti Bolognese should contain only Irish beef from our approved suppliers. The source of the horsemeat is still under investigation by the relevant authorities. He also stated that "The...
Words: 1823 - Pages: 8
...Unit 3 P1 I am going to describe how marketing techniques are used to market products and evaluate the effectiveness in two organisations (Sainsbury and Samsung). These companies use marketing techniques such as branding, relationship marketing and growth matrix. Branding Branding is very important to marketing because it helps establish a product in a market and build the brand. Most brands have certain things that make them noticeable like a logo or a slogan for example Samsung has their name in bold writing on their products like phones and TV’s and Sainsbury also use their name they do this so people will know what product they have, is known for its orange colour and name also one of their many slogans “live well for less” they have been massively successful, their logo is recognized very in the U.K. Sainsbury’s has made strong uses of is the color and text. The color and text is smooth and comforting, and when these colors are seen, they make you think of Sainsbury’s which make customers think that of their cheap and good quality products. All Sainsbury’s products have the logo on it even the bags so when someone has a Sainsbury’s product they know that their product are from Sainsbury’s and therefore it acts as advertising which is very successful. Both companies take their branding very seriously and both have similar logos however consumers recognise Sainsbury’s most of the time because of their colour and slogan * Live well for less *...
Words: 3475 - Pages: 14
...Unit 4 Business Communication (P1/M1) by Renee Baafi-Owusu To: Paul Barker From: Renee Baafi-Owusu RE: OO/PJB/Unit 4/P1/M1 Date: 25/09/15 Explain different types of business information, their source and purpose (P1) What is communication? It is transferring information from one part of a business to another which leads to some outcome, change of behaviour. Formal communication is an agreed procedure, whereas informal communication is a causal way of sharing information to each other. There are 5 different types of communication which are: Verbal communication: It is sharing information with individuals by talking. There is non-verbal communication which is not communicating by talking which includes: facial expression, eye contact, appearance and many more. Written communication: Written communication is a type of communication which is a type of interaction that involves written words, such as: email, poster, flyers, brochures and letters. On-Screen communication: This is a type of communication which produces information on screen such as: TV advertisements or on YouTube where advertisements are played before a video starts to play. Multi-Media communication: Multimedia communication is a type of communication which shows information in various media formats such as: Images, videos and audio broadcast/podcast. Web-based communication: It is a type of communication which shares information, words or ideas over the Internet. The information can be shared on: webpages...
Words: 2635 - Pages: 11
...Unit 4 – Business Communication Introduction: In this assignment I am going to explain different types of business information, their sources and purposes and analyse different types of business information and their sources. Verbal information: Verbal information is given from one person to another by speaking; this can be done in interviews face to face and interviews over the phone. Tesco will have an internal human resource department where they would hire new staff to work for the business, or train staff that are new and need to know what they have to do. Also disciplining staff and dealing with health and safety and policy making such as sickness policy. The advantages of verbal information is that when the person comes in for the interview you can see if he will be capable for the job and also when you are talking to someone face to face you can understand them properly. The disadvantages of verbal information is that the person getting interviewed wont be confident and things may go wrong, also another disadvantage is that the interview can go on for a long time depending on the interviewee and his background. You can pass over verbal information through internal sources such as face to face interviews and can pass over verbal information through external sources such as focus groups. The purpose of verbal information is that when employing new employees they can expand as a business. Also there will be more jobs available for other people that want to work...
Words: 831 - Pages: 4
...2013 - 2014 [pic] [pic] |Activity Booklet – Assignment 1 | Student: Jordan Stephens | [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] LO1.1 - Know the different levels of government in the UK P1 - Describe the following bodies involved in governance. Levels of government and their responsibilities: ▪ European Parliament, The European Parliament handles decisions, which would affect the countries, which are members of the EU; these issues include the environment, equal opportunities, transport, consumer rights, movement of the workers and goods, etc. Currently there are 72 members of the UK that get directly elected to become part of the European Parliament and their decisions on the issues that come up within the EU will affect all the 27 members states that are part of the EU if the decision is passed by the EU. Some of these decisions also affect issues involving the public services of the member states of the EU, which could cause a lot of problems if they make a wrong decision since they would have a large uproar on their hands. ▪ Central government, The central government is the main layer of government that operates across the whole of the country; the central government is always located in the centre of the country in that country’s capital city and it handles very specific responsibilities that no other group or government can carry out. Some of these responsibilities...
Words: 7048 - Pages: 29
...P1: Behaviourist Approach. An introduction into this perspective is that it studies how conditioning, reinforcement and social learning influence behaviour. It does this through laboratory experiments and observations. In witch they use animals and humans. It is a scientific approach to measure behaviour and investigate how behaviour is learned. They argue that the environment shapes behaviour. Also argued that genetics and cognition are deemed as unimportant in determining behaviours. There are three main theories to this perspective which are: Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Social learning. Classical conditioning: Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) was working with dogs to investigate their digestive systems; he noticed that one dog began to salivate when Pavlov assistant entered the room with food. Pavlov thought the dog had learned to associate the assistant with food. This meaning food automatically lead to response of salivation, this is called an unconditioned response. The food was the unconditioned stimulus. As the production of saliva was automatic and not learnt. With this, an unconditioned stimulus leads to an unconditioned response. Pavlov then introduced a bell at feeding time, the bell was a conditioned response as the dog then produced saliva on the bell ringing as the dog associated the bell with feeding time. This happened over several trails and then the dog learned this. Eventually it began to salivate when only the bell was rung and no food was...
Words: 5269 - Pages: 22
...Leah Dade Unit 4- Business Communications assignment (P1 M1 D1) Business information is used to pass on important information to people inside or outside the company. Marks and Spencer’s have used business information a lot in their company within the 130 years of existents. In M&S verbal information is used, which is where two or more people communicate face to face in either a formal or in-formal manure. Verbal Communication Verbal or oral communication uses spoken words to communicate a message. When most people think of verbal communication, they think of speaking, but listening is an equally important skill for this type of communication to be successful. Verbal communication is applicable to a wide range of situations, ranging from informal office discussions to public speeches made to thousands of people. Improving M&S’s verbal communication skills can help them to foster better relationships with their co-workers and maintain a large network of contacts that anyone can call on when necessary. Consultants are one group of professionals that need to pay particular attention to this area of communication, as they need to constantly meet with new people and quickly communicate large quantities of important information. Non-Verbal Communication Non-verbal communication includes body language, gestures, facial expressions, and even posture. Non-verbal communication sets the tone of a conversation, and can seriously undermine the message contained in your words...
Words: 1348 - Pages: 6
...Recruitment methods Recruitment is the process of finding and hiring suit Different methods of recruitment suitable candidates (from within or outside the organization) to fill the empty positions. The process involves searching, sourcing and select the right candidates for the roles to play within the organisation. Different recruitments require different recruitment documents. Here is a short list of different recruitments internal and external. Internal External Internal advertising Job portals Word to mouth recruitment/head-hunter agencies Promotions Campus recruitments The biggest advantage of internal recruitment is that it doesn’t or almost doesn’t cost any money and its less time consuming, also there is already a relationship with the employee and the person won’t need much training. And the advantages of external recruitment is that you got a brand new opportunities and can choose the best candidate for the role. The cost for the employee is also lower and there is less chance of partiality. Recruitment documentation Recruitment documentation basically means filling information and personal details about the vacancy that the person is applying for. Recruitment documentation consist of all the copies of application forms and supporting documents, and notes from all the panel members as well as regarding...
Words: 959 - Pages: 4
...* Midpoint Algorithm for the line of 1<m<∞ | | | M1N pixel | M2NE pixel | | M | | | The equation for the line ax + by + c = 0 1 The equation for the M point: d – Equation for the first midpoint d = a(x+1/2) + b(y+1) + c d = ax + by + c + a/2 + b d = 0 + a/2 + b d = a/2+b ×2 d = a + 2b 2 By substituting the value fora and b we will able to find the value of d. If d > 0, then we will select the N (North) pixel If d < 0, then we will select NE (Northeast) pixel Then there are two possibilities to go the line through M1 or M2 Equation for the above two points; M1 and M2 M1: d1 – Equation for the M1 midpoint d1 = a(x+1/2) + b(y+2) + c d1 = ax + by + c + a/2 +2 b d1 = 0 + a/2 + 2b ×2; d1= a+4 b 3 3 – 2;d b = d1 – d d1 = b + d 4 The equation for the M1 is d1 = b+d M2 : d2 – Equation for the M2 midpoint d1 = a(x+3/2) + b(y+2) + c d1 = ax + by + c +3 a/2 +2 b d1 = 0+ 3a/2 + 2b ×2; d2 = 3a +4b 5 5 – 2; a + b = d2 – d d2 = a + b + d 6 The equation of the M2 midpoint is d1 = a + b + d As mentioned above the algorithm chooses between N and NE pixels on the sign of the decision variable calculated in previous method. * Algorithm for the ellipse The equation for the ellipse is : x2/a2 + y2/b2 = 1 x2/a2 + y2/b2 – 1 = 0 x2 b2 + y2 a2 - a2 b2 = 0 Center of the ellipse (x,y) = (0,0) a = rx , b = ry The first...
Words: 822 - Pages: 4
