...The True Science in Politics Benjamin Bishin's subconstituency theory of representation is supported with the empirical evidence that Larry Bartels provides from his book, of which Bartels evaluates social equality and its relationship with the American government, to Bishin's observations. Ideas, such as hidden minority rule, activism, visibility's true impact on the average voter, and ideological and social groups, that Bishin describes are supported by Bartels' findings; these findings being senators responsiveness to income groups, citizen's knowledge, and voting actions and more. Bishin's book, Tyranny of the Minority, develops the Subconstituency theory of representation that counteracts the leading theory of representation, the Demand Model. Bishin's synopsis of his theory is, “...subconstituency politics merely articulates a phenomenon long described by politicians and observed by journalists...,” (Bishin 13). The phenomenon being that minority held opinion can triumph over a majority held public opinion. However, Bishin shows this phenomenon to hold a deeper dogma in that constituents, for the purpose of reelection, appeal to groups. Bartels' book, Unequal Democracy, attempts to answer a question by Robert Dahl of, “...who actually governs?” (Bartels 1). Bartels' book argues, with a statistical emphasis, that our classed based society is becoming more polarized and unequal by politicians and cyclically exacerbated by voter apathy and actions. These examples...
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...Las investigaciones sociológicas de Max Weber sobre la relación entre el político y el científico son esenciales en Ciencia Política. Weber deja insinuado el tratamiento de dos campos diferentes de la acción humana que a nuestro juicio son: el político busca la verdad de clase y el científico la verdad objetiva; el primero defiende intereses de grupo o clase social y su arma teórica es la ideología y el segundo defiende integralidades conceptuales de la humanidad y su arma teórica es la ciencia. Lucaks recordó la definición de ideología como conciencia falsa de la realidad, falsa en el sentido que es sesgada por los intereses económicos principalmente del grupo o clase social que la sustenta. Contrariu sensu la definición de Ciencia podría enunciarse como conciencia cierta de la realidad, por ser objetiva, integral, independiente de los intereses económicos. Max Weber, el Político y el Científico Max Weber, (Efurt 1864 - Munich 1920), historiador y sociólogo alemán. Estudió economia, derecho y filosofia. Nacionalista y a la vez liberal, se opuso a la política de los epígonos de Bismarck y formó parte de la comisión redactora de la constitución de Weimar. Sus trabajos abarcan muchos aspectos y muy variados, y solamente de una manera parcial manifiestan las tensiones internas del autor y sus enfrentamientos con los utilitaristas, los marxistas y los historicistas. Preocupado por la influencia mutua de los intereses materiales i espirituales en la interacción de las clases...
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...Is it dangerous for Politics to define Science? Political discourses entail following cultural and unwritten behaviors, which in most cases are driven by organizational and personal agendas, aimed at attaining particular objectives. The need to practice politics effectively has led to the emergence of political science, which covers the study of governments, political systems and process, and political policies. On the other hand, science refers to a methodical approach that is used in understanding the natural world (McLelland 1). Science is one of the most fundamental disciplines that can be relied upon in an effort to transform the society through effective decision-making. This observation arises from the fact that, science leads to the formulation of scientific theories, which are comprehensive and well-integrated set of facts. The objective of this paper is to analyze if there are any dangers to this effect. The credibility of scientific ‘facts’ arises from the construct that, the facts are repeatedly tested and accepted, thus increasing their effectiveness in making predictions on certain natural phenomena. McLelland posits, “Science is a human endeavor, which subjects it to bias, misapprehensions, and personal prejudices” (4). This argument is in line with the assumption that humans can accurately observe and measure a given phenomenon in an effort to understand the universe. However, the conclusions arrived at by humans is limited by how effective they can make sense...
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...« When someone achieves greatness in any field – such as the arts, science, politics, or business – that person’s achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults?” When someone attains greatness in any field – such as the arts, science, politics, or business, should we judge the individual by his or her personal life or by the achievement only? In my opinion, focusing on the achievement is far more important and relevant than on personal faults. Personal mistakes are part of human life, if they have no link with your accomplished work, we should not take them into consideration. Many great individuals succeed despite some personal flaws or missteps. I will illustrate this statement with several examples of memorable men. Winston Churchill was a British politician, officer, historian and writer during the 20th century. He served as prime minister twice; he was recognized as one of the greatest wartime leaders of his century and received the Nobel Prize in literature. His weakness was to appreciate alcohol at any time of the day. Nevertheless, the fact that he appreciated alcohol is irrelevant to judge his accomplishments, especially in difficult time of war, in the field of politics. This statement is available for any field. For example, in the Arts, let’s take the case of Roman Polanski. He achieves greatness as a film director, a producer and a writer. His films received multiples awards and nominations. However, he has a legal history, arrested...
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...Is Politics a science? This is a question that always seems difficult to answer and discuss. Personally, I have been asked this question and even when I feel like I have the answer there is always another opinion from someone else on how they think it’s not a science. It’s a question we always touch in my group and after everyone has given their opinion on this topic, there never still seems to be a good legitimate answer. Politics is always grouped and said to be part of the social sciences, but should it really be classified as a social science or even a science? Politics is a controversial field itself; it also seems to have a flaw in it. From the way it’s been run by the people elected into power, to other different aspects of it. Political Science is a science but also a very different kind of science Politics is the activity that influences the policies and actions of a government, and also keeping and getting power in a government. Politics is widely regarded as part of science, or as a science itself. Politics is usually referred to as “Political Science”, which is still the same idea, Political Science is also the study of people, and why people act the way do, it’s the study of how a person’s deep philosophical beliefs affects his/her political beliefs and actions. It is a science because it observes, and experiments the government systems, it also measures the political life of the people occupying a certain country or nation. The methods applied in science e.g...
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...CHAPTER 1 – POLITICS AND KNOWLEDGE INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE Review Sekar Rizki Wibowo – KKI_B What is politics? Politics is a process by which a group of people, whose opinions or interests might be different from each other, reach collective decisions that are generally regarded as binding on the group and enforced as a common policy. The basis of political knowledge always came from three important sources, which are: 1. Authority : Involves the appeal of any documents, tradition, or person that is believed to be an important source of politics or some explanation regarding a particular issue. 2. Personal thought : Relies on assumption of human brains that may develop a thought that determines the definition or anything he/she knows about the political world. 3. Science : Uses expliicit methods that attempt to enable the different people to agree about what they know. The goal of using science in order to learn about politics is that it answers the facts what, why, and how questions about politics. Political science is composed from some subfields that are usually defined by their specific subject matter, rather than by their mode of analysis. The four subfields of political knowledge are: 1. Comparative politics : Focuses on similarities and difference in political processes and structures. 2. International relations : Focuses on the political relations between countries, the behavior of transnational actors, and the dynamics happenting...
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...WHAT IS POLITICS? Why do we have to be interested in politics? If you’re not, others will influence the decisions that govern your lives. For example, who decides to declare war, to fix taxes….Ignorant is manipulated. Aristotle, the founder of the discipline, called politics the “master science”: he meant that almost everything happens in a political context. For example, politics is connected to economics: suppose a hurricane or earthquake strikes a country, in this case it is the political system that decides for example which victims to aid. The disaster is natural, but its impact on society is controlled by politics. Politics may be immoral: we have a misuse of power, corruption…. But even if we don’t like these features, we have to understand how things go on: how A gets B to do what A wants. This is what Political Science tries to explain. Political Science is related to the other social sciences: - History: it’s an important source of data for political scientists (if we analyze the Cold War (1947-1989), we have to know the events so history). But the data are handled differently: political scientists look for generalizations, historians for details. - Geography: physical and human (ethnic areas, regions …….) - Economics: many political quarrels are economic. A good economic development may be the basis for democracy, only few poor countries are democratic. - Sociology: Political Science starts by looking at society to see “who thinks what”about politics. For example...
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...Akoka. Department: Bachelor of Science [Economics] Matric No: 131008002 Course: Political Science [POL 101] 1. What do you understand by Politics? The term ‘Politics’ is broad. Politics is concerned with the affairs of the society involving the citizens and the government of a State. It is the interaction of people in the society with a view of forming an opinion in order to influence others. It is concerned with the affairs of the people in the society and how they seek for powers and influence. Politics can be traced to all endeavors; in all spheres of life such as families, companies, schools, organizations, even church, etc. It is everything that makes life. In fact, Politics is L.I.F.E [Living, Interacting, Fellowshipping and Expression of views], all geared towards the acquisition of power or the position of authority or position of high status so as to utilize same to influence people. In a nutshell, Politics is seeking to acquire powers and position of authority with the purpose of commanding obedience and influencing others, and it is the people’s interaction with one another with the view of affecting others opinions. 2. Do you agree that there is science of politics? Yes! I agree! Although, political science is not an exact science as physics or chemistry which are pure or natural sciences but it is a social science as Economics and Sociology. Why I agree that there is science of politics is because politics deals with man and employs scientific...
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... | | |Politics and political science | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Political science is the study of politics in all its aspects. Occasionally politics is used as a synonym for political science: sometimes| | | | | |as the title of university departments of political science. This may be confusing. Although a few political scientists have become | | | | | |politicians, and even more rarely politicians have become political scientists, the activities of the two, despite impinging on each | | | | | |other, are quite different. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |1.1 What is politics? | | | | | ...
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...Gabriel Laurencin Jr Political Science Assignment VI April 17, 2015 The last three months of college have offered me opportunity to learn and understand the science that is involved in politics. Politics can be simplified into smaller components and an easier understanding by studying how it works and the systems of which they operate. This is what we call a social science. According to Britannica Encyclopedia Political science is a social science discipline that deals with systems of government and the analysis of political activity and political behavior. It deals extensively with the theory and practice of politics which is commonly thought of as the determining of the distribution of power and resources. When I started the political science class my views on politics were negative. Negative in the sense that I wanted little to do with politics. My view of politics was a form of corruption were citizens were robbed. My recent studies of the political science have changed my views, interest, and expectations of politics. Growing up in the Virgin Islands my generation has heard and seen very little positive talks about politics. My definition of politics before my political science class was fairly simple. I thought politics were a group or an entity of elected officials that controlled government money. I learned that I was not one 100% right but there was way more to that one simple word. The very first thing that political science made me understand is the importance...
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...Введение в Политологию Программа учебного курса Российская экономическая школа, совместный бакалавриат РЭШ-ВШЭ, весенний семестр 2014 года (64 часа в аудитории) Преподаватель – Балалаева Дина Яновна, Ph.D. Занятия: лекция - среда, 15:10-16:30, семинар- 13:40-15:00 Консультации – TBA Компетенции, формируемые в результате освоения дисциплины: В результате освоения дисциплины студент должен обладать следующими общекультурными (ОК) и профессиональными компетенциями (ПК): ОК-4, ПК-8, ПК-9 Общий объем аудиторных часов – 64 в том числе: лекции – 32 часа. практические занятия - 32 часа. Промежуточный контроль – статья. Краткая аннотация Данный курс по «Сравнительной политологии» охватывает наиболее важные темы дисциплины и прослеживает развитие методологии от сравнительных кейс-стади до крупномасштабных межвременных исследований и экспериментов на местах. Почему, в среднем, самые богатые страны – демократии? Или, заимствуя вопрос Л. Даймонда (2010), почему мир не знает ни одной арабской демократии? Почему авторитаризм не помешал (помог?) «азиатским тиграм»? Насколько устойчивы гибриды? В чем «секрет эффективности» парламентской формы правления? Почему страны с пропорциональной системой выборов больше тратят на социальные расходы, чем страны с мажоритарной формулой? Производят ли федерации больше технологических инноваций, чем унитарные государства? Каково оптимальное...
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...POLITICAL SCIENCE: DEFINITION AND SCOPEIntroduction: It can be argued that the discovery of the laws of evolution has, theselast two centuries, revolutionised the study of Man. Evolution has givena sort of scientific sanction to the idea of human progress of whichmodernity aims at being the concrete expression. Progress, in thispeculiar sense, not only means the advancement of scientific learningbut also the improvement of human society. The growingconsciousness of Man from little more than an ape to a fully thinkinganimal has led to a higher level of organisation and stability within hiscommunities, which were to become later on villages and cities. Overtime, with the development and expansion of human activities, theorganisation of these local units became more defined, and norms andlaws were developed to control them. Again, all along History, we findmany systems devised by various civilisations and peoples for thepurpose of ruling and governing, we observe the influence of personalor collective interests on the policies of governments and the outcomeof conflicts, and we hear of and sometimes witness the contribution of individuals either to the prosperity or ruin of a particular state orcountry. Such evolutions and variations, past and present, in the ideasand practices behind the organisation and administration of humansocieties are the proper subjects of Political Science. Definition and Scope of Political Science. 1. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, political...
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...Quarterly Journal Of Operations Research ISI SCIENCE A + U-Architecture And Urbanism ISI ARTS & HUMANITIES A Contrario IBSS Aaa-Arbeiten Aus Anglistik Und Amerikanistik ISI ARTS & HUMANITIES Aaohn Journal ISI SCIENCE Aaohn Journal ISI SOC SCIENCE Aapg Bulletin ISI SCIENCE Aaps Journal ISI SCIENCE Aaps Pharmscitech ISI SCIENCE Aatcc Review ISI SCIENCE Abacus: Journal Of Accounting, Finance And Business Studies IBSS Abacus-A Journal Of Accounting Finance And Business StudiesISI SOC SCIENCE Abdominal Imaging ISI SCIENCE Abhandlungen Aus Dem Mathematischen Seminar Der UniversISI SCIENCE Abstract And Applied Analysis ISI SCIENCE Abstracts Of Papers Of The American Chemical Society ISI SCIENCE Academia-Revista Latinoamericana De Administracion ISI SOC SCIENCE Academic Emergency Medicine ISI SCIENCE Academic Medicine ISI SCIENCE Academic Pediatrics ISI SCIENCE Academic Psychiatry ISI SOC SCIENCE Academic Radiology ISI SCIENCE Academy Of Management Annals ISI SOC SCIENCE Academy Of Management Journal ISI SOC SCIENCE Academy Of Management Journal IBSS Academy Of Management Learning & Education ISI SOC SCIENCE Academy Of Management Perspectives ISI SOC SCIENCE Academy Of Management Perspectives IBSS Academy Of Management Review ISI SOC SCIENCE Academy Of Management Review IBSS Academy Of Marketing Science Review IBSS Acadiensis ISI ARTS & HUMANITIES Acadiensis: Journal Of The History Of The Atlantic Region IBSS Accident Analysis And Prevention ISI SOC SCIENCE Accountability In Research-Policies...
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...POLITICAL SCIENCE One of the 3 core subjects offered in a triple main combination to BA- (EPS & HEP) The discipline aims at imparting knowledge of indispensable institutions, concepts and ideals. The study of the subject enables an individual to learn the art of government and administration. The courses in the first two semester focus on basic concepts of political science and major political ideologies. The next two, third and fourth, puts emphasis exclusively on the Indian political system. The fifth and sixth semesters courses deal with public administration and International relations. Course objectives 1. Imparting value based education. 2. Preparing responsible and politically conscious citizens. 3. Building good leadership qualities and responsible future leaders. 4. Understanding the art of government and administration. 5. Motivating students to take competitive examinations. 6. Creating civic sense COURSE STRUCTURE I Semester Course Code POL 131 II Semester Course Code POL 231 III Semester Course Code POL 331 IV Semester Course Code POL 431 V Semester Course Code POL 531 POL 532 VI Semester Course Code POL 631 POL 632 Title Core Concepts of Political Science. Title Major Political Ideologies Title Indian Government and Politics- I Title Indian Government and Politics- II Title International Relations- I Principles of Public Administration Title International Relations- II Personnel and Financial Administration Hrs/ wk 5 Hrs/ wk 5 Hrs/ wk 5 Hrs/ wk 5 Hrs/ wk 4 4 Marks...
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...Philosophy of Science (All Science, not just social science) During the time of the ancient Greeks—that is, Socrates and Plato, but before them and after them as well, the study of “philosophy” (Greek for “love of wisdom”) began. At that time, philosophy included both the natural and physical sciences as well what we know as philosophy today. The development of philosophy created a tension between philosophy, science, and religion. Remember that Socrates was put to death for allegedly questioning the existence of the official state-worshiped gods. This tension between philosophy, science and religion continued through the 1400’s and 1500’s when the European “Enlightenment” emphasized the concept that both “rational thought” and “science” was separate from religion. Today, they are still generally in tension. Whether these methods of gaining knowledge are consistent or not is constantly debated among scientists, theologians, and philosophers. Science=observation of the physical universe which includes (beginning in the late 1800’s) the study of human behavior using our five senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell); Religion=the study of the “divine” (i.e., god, however a person conceives of that notion, and it’s implications) Philosophy=the study of questions unanswerable by science through the use of “reason” (rational thought) alone. Thus, there are 4 different philosophical views on how humans can obtain knowledge: 1. mysticism/divine revelation—a...
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