...in New York City were purposefully destroyed by a group of Islamic extremists. The attack led to an innate fear of those of the same religion. Flash forward a decade and that fear has all but decreased. The grouping of individuals by association is known as stereotyping, Stereotyping leads to numerous problems for both the individual and the group as a whole. For example, Individuals face discrimination at both work and school. The effects on the group, however, are much more drastic. Because of their religion, many nations refuse to give them asylum out of fear. On the individual level Muslim children and teenagers are targets for derogatory comments and acts of hate. According to Sacirbey, an older boy asked a young female student “What are you looking at towel-head?” (Sacirbey). The older boy was referencing to her Islamic headscarf. O’Neal had...
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...that there are roughly 7 million Muslims in the United States1. That equates to about 2.3% of the population. Even though that doesn’t seem like very much, it has been growing and continues to grow despite the events of September 11, 2001. On that day, very much changed for the Islamic people living in the United States. Although they American Muslims had absolutely nothing to do with the events that occurred on that day, their way of life was destined to change. The change that occurred was not in their religion or how they practiced it, it was in the no-Islamic population. Public eye was on the Muslims because the attacks from September 11th were said to be conducted by Muslim extremists. The media was, for the most part, the only place American’s would get any information about Muslims and they were not portraying them very nicely. In order to protect themselves from bad public opinion, American Muslim were faced with a challenge. They needed to improve their image in order to protect themselves from the growing number of people that were against Islam and they need to do it while staying true to themselves and their religion. In 2005, the Fiqh Council of North America issued a fatwa saying that the use of violence against innocent lives was forbidden under Islamic Law. This fatwa also encouraged Muslims to assist law enforcement in the challenge of preventing these sorts of attacks. This sort of thing shows how the Muslims in American are concerned about how...
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...Introduction The purpose of this thesis is to show Islamic stereotypes in American movies made before and after the attacks on 9/11 and this was inspired by the movie, American Sniper, and the backlash and the response that the movie got and it begs the question why did people react the way they did and way they did it. After the movie came out, the people who saw it had a strong opinion about it, either that it was a patriotic movie or that it was offensive to Muslims. Many Americans have grown up in a post 9/11 world and don’t remember what the world was like before that fateful day and as a consequence have grown up with the “War on Terror” and trying to find the people responsible for the attacks on that infamous day in September. After...
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...political, social or religious ideals associated with terrorist groups. * What is meant by threat? – A statement of intention. * So called ‘Modern Terrorism’ since 7/7 was an attack without mercy. These extremist will go to any lengths to challenge, intimidate and incite fear in British Domestic Security by carrying out these attacks without regards for innocent human lives. According to National Security Strategy (NSS) ‘the current international terrorist threats to the UK comes mainly from sources involved with Al Qaeda’. The Modern Terrorism extremists are more lethal as their aim is to cause mass destruction. * Ideology behind these attacks is more or less deemed as ‘payback time’ and the backlash is linked to the British invasion on Iraq and the insurgency in Afghanistan. * UK legislations to combat terrorism -Terrorism Act 2000; Crime and Security Act 2001; CONTEST | 2. Introduction – Identify either a policy or ideology: * Identify the policy- The Government Prevent strategy – What is Prevent? What is its aim? * The Prevent strategy which was published in 2011. Prevent aim to stop people becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism and is one of the important facets of (CONTEST) --Counter-Terrorism strategy – To reduce risk of terrorism in the UK and its overseas interest. * Terrorism as a global issue and the precaution taken to combat these threats. 9/11 attack in United States and 7/7 attack in the UK. * Origin and development of the Prevent...
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...America thinking all Muslim crime in America are Islamic terrorist related. With the presidential debate going on as the war on terror continues it smart for a candidates to use war to win votes of the American people. The misbehavior or conduct of a few should not push the president to make rash decision upon a whole nation. This topic oppose the U. S constitution with the 1st amendment stating, the freedom to exercise any religion. Donald Trumps idea of stopping Islamic terror is to cut all connection to Muslim coming to America. The military consist of many American soldiers and their family that practice the Muslim religion. A lot of soldiers families received citizenship through the military, this will make a conflict with...
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...22, 2013 Terrorists have a huge impact on society and have for many years and even though terrorists are winning by putting continual fear into citizens, trying to disrupt the economy, with continuing advances in our technology and security we hopefully prevail. Terrorists use explosive devices to create fear in people and the people cannot go about their daily life they normally would. These catastrophic events have forced military medical and physiological experts to re-evaluate their understanding of mass casualty terrorism. The primary goal of terrorism is to disrupt society by provoking intense fear and shattering all sense of personal and community safety. When a terror attack occurs in the USA the impact from the attack is felt economically. Whether the attack be nuclear or biological. From the point of view of threatened governments there has been two tasks: first, to try to prevent the terrorist event from taking place and second, if prevention fails, to deal with the after-effects or consequences, (Heymann, Philip 2001) including the remarkably large political effect of acts of terrorism. Although terrorists plan is to spread as much fear into citizens of the United States of America, our security continues to strengthen and we become stronger as a nation. Through advances in technology and the use of special resources, hopefully one day we can stop all terrorist attempts thus making more peace on earth. When a terrorist strikes it is to make...
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...RELIGION IN AMERICA WEEK 5: FINAL PAPER INTRODUCTION Within this article I will discuss the effects of religion in America based on an etic (outsider’s) perspective, and I will identify the different religions present in America as well as the backgrounds of these groups. The effects of religion in America range from religiously influenced political decisions, to social ethics and dilemmas, and even racial discrimination. PART I There are many different religious groups in America, the most prominent being Christianity- which was the first religion to spread like wildfire soon after colonization. Christianity is defined as an “Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ as presented in the New Testament and sacred tradition” (1) and makes up approximately 78% of the religious preference of United States citizens according to the 2007 study conducted by the Pew Forum. (2) Other religious groups in America are Jews (1.7%), Buddhists (0.7%) and Muslims (0.6%) and 16.1% of Americans declared themselves to have no religion. (3) Christianity is comprised of three main branches, Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and protestant. Roman Catholicism was first developed in Western Europe and is lead by the pope. Their beliefs are “the doctrines of Transubstantiation and Purgatory, and distinctive practices include devotion to the saints and Mary and use of the rosary (Christian Denominations).” The Catholic Church was founded by Jesus...
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...and how it reports. The Problem which this study wishes to study is how is the handling of the Media Landscape in the fields of Terrorism Crime and the Violence in Mindanao and how did it affect Muslim Communities attitudes and Behavior towards the institution of Media. The hypotheses is the there is a significant effect on the behavior of the community and their views on the institution of Media. To gather data and to analyze this problem the researchers used a descriptive status analysis which seeks to answer questions to real facts relating to existing conditions in group of cases that is chosen for study. The sample is determined using a simple random sampling which aimed at a minimum target of 300 respondents which is the 10% of the population of the area which is 3,000. The respondents where chosen out of the 19 Muslim Communities found in Metro Manila, the number of ethnic groups in the area is more diverse than most other Muslim Communities in the Metro Manila area. The subjects aged 15- 40 years regardless of educational background and social status. The study did not put too much stress on the quality of the respondents because it is important that a more honest response and to measure their knowledge of issues, this is done to observe their experiences outside of the Muslim Community. The researchers opted to use a survey method to gather the data needed for this research. The study employed a Likert Scale which uses a 5 point choice scale and an idea. The survey form...
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...there is a greater awareness of the different cultures, in general, and not just about Arab Americans. With a better understanding by all Americans, these Arab-Americans, as well as other stereotyped individuals in society, would not have to worry about defending their identities, ancestries, cultures or traditions. Since Sept. 11, Arab Americans have been beneficiaries of what it feels like to be a member of the African American community. Although it is wrong to treat Arab Americans like criminals, we should not be surprised that they are treated in these ways. September 11 is a day that no one will ever forget. Everyone can remember where they were eleven years ago when terrorist attacked the twin towers of the World Trade Center. As a result, some of the nation’s citizens (i.e. Arab-Americans and Muslims) have suffered worse than many others. The nation suffered from fear and anger, after that devastating day, eleven years ago. However, Arab- Americans suffered from discrimination. There were a high number of hate crimes towards those of Arab backgrounds during Post 9/11. Before 9/11, Arabs and...
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...the dominant, more accepted groups and there is still a long way to go to meet total equality. While it is true there have been many improvements for some cultures in recent years, the opposite is true for those of the Muslim decent. Since the terrorist attacks starting from September 11 and since then, Muslims and those of the Islamic faith have been unfairly stereotyped negatively as demons and as many as 46 percent of Americans view the group as a whole as having terrorist tendencies. (Deane, Fears 2006) Not only are their religious practices criticized and viewed negatively, but nearly every other action they commit is thought to be “suspicious”, from the way they dress, to the way they talk, how they practice their religion, and how women are viewed and treated in their culture. Some view their form of lifestyle to be geared towards hatred and violence, with every action being held under a microscope and criticized. They can’t even get on an airplane in present time without being thought a terrorist who has a plot to overtake the plane and perform an act of mass destruction. Every time they travel the majority of travelers of non-Muslim decent around them will undoubtedly think that they are plotting an attack. These assumptions that are placed upon Muslims are unfair and were brought on by the...
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...War on Terrorism This was begun after the September 11th attacks on Washington and New York. For the last nine years the worlds has been in a constant state of vigilance for acts of terrorism. This is truly a global war in that the participants are from around the globe. There are many participants such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, France and smaller countries that I would have never thought to have a large military force, such as Kenya, Australia and Lebanon. Each country has different reasons for joining. The general party line is to secure the freedom of all counties from further al-Qaeda attacks. Yet everyone has a different opinion of the necessary outcome. During an interview with the Daily Telegraph, General David Richards stated “a victory is unnecessary and would never be achieved.” They could be contained to the point that our lives and our children’s lives are led securely. The Chairman of the Counter-Terrorism Committee, Ambassador Apakan told the committee, “We should be as vigilant and resilient as ever and counter-terrorism should remain a priority for the international community”. The first President Bush stated “This Crusade – this war on terrorism – is gong to take a while and the American people must be patient”. A few days later during a speech to Congress he said “Our war on terror begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped and defeated...
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...She enthusiastically posted and commented on YouTube videos of supporting al-Qaeda and their allies, but her enthusiasm for jihad went beyond watching videos and offered moral support as well. She made contacts on-line with other jihadis, solicited funding, and orchestrated an actual terror plot. Her case is a shocking example of how easy it can be to find jihadi content on-line and make operational connections with others who speak aspirationally about violent acts of terror against the homeland. The Jihad Jane case is not the only one. Only a few weeks ago, Jose Pimentel was arrested for preparing bombs to use in attacking targets in New York City. Before his arrest, Mr. Pimentel had been active on-line. He ran a blog, held two YouTube accounts, and operated a Facebook profile, all dedicated to jihadi propaganda. ------------------------------------------------- Social media is the No. 1 activity on the world wide web, we know that, accounting for over 22 percent of all time spent on-line in the United States. For instance, Twitter averages about 200 million tweets per day, Facebook boasts about 800 million active users throughout the world. Social media spreading messages to many users at one time is commonplace and their power has proven to be remarkable. Al-Qaeda forum users are usually anonymous. The links between them are unknown, and the administrators heavily moderate the discussions. There are only a handful of these fora and the most prominent of them only numbers...
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...of most global terrorist actions against the United States combined with scientific proof from a wide variety of sources to argue for new methods of understanding and stopping terrorism as it exists today. Though many examples and analyses of terrorist acts are examined in the book along with many different explanations for the social and psychological mechanisms that may cause them, one of the central ideas is the power of social bonds to drive people to commit actions that they never would have considered alone. This paper will analyze Atran's argument as it is supported by social psychology, and in particular specific research that was used in the writing of the book itself. Atran states that “to kill and die with friends... almost invariably involves deep love of one's group” (p. 317) and goes on to say that having no empathy towards other groups allows this to happen. His own work in Radical Madrasas in Southeast Asia (Atran, Ginges, Magouirk, 2008) supports his claim by showing that when students viewed someone as being outside of their group and incapable of becoming a member of their group, they were much more likely to support violence against that person. This was shown by interviewing the students in regards to whether they believed that people were “born evil but learn to become good” or not, if they believed a baby born to Jewish parents but raised by Muslims would grow up to be Muslim or not, and if it was their duty to “fight and kill non-Muslims such as Christians”...
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...“This Time is Different: Comparing Al-Qaeda’s Unique Place in the History of Terrorism with the Freedom Fighters of the Irish Republican Army” Al Qaeda and the Irish Republican Army are two of the most complex and famous terrorist organizations in modern history. While both groups share some principles with one another, and undoubtedly have committed and continue to commit horrible acts, the world’s perception of each is undoubtedly different from the other. There is an apparent contradiction in Karl Heinzen’s famous quote: “If to kill is always a crime, then it is forbidden equally to all; if it is not a crime, then it is permitted equally to all.”[1] This difference in public perception is a result of several key tenets of each organization’s strategy and structure. The IRA fights to protect and support the liberties of the Irish people, while Al Qaeda relies upon the religious doctrine of a radical Islamic minority to carry out jihad against Western infidels. Al Qaeda, while claiming to represent the entire Muslim world, has never had a real home or a consistent base to draw upon; inversely, a large proportion of the Irish people are steadfast in their support for the cause. Al Qaeda’s indiscriminate killing of innocent civilians has resulted in a falling out with a large percentage of its former supporters. Finally, the IRA had a distinct, tangible, and realistic goal of expelling the British from Ireland, while Al Qaeda seeks to establish a new caliphate based...
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...The representation of terrorism, Islam and Muslim identities on popular US series Homeland Introduction Images of Muslim and Islam have dramatically increased in the media coverage as well as popular culture ever since we have entered the “post-9/11 era”, as Elizabeth Poole observed. (2008:81) The shocking real life images from the horrifying terrorist attack in September 2011 has triggered various interpretation on the discourse of what it means to be Muslim and the image of Islam and its culture in the western media, and still have profound influence even after more than a decade and ongoing. Apart from the coverage on news media, TV entertainment, especially TV dramas also provide a powerful outlet for the popular prevailing discourses on Muslim and Islamic culture, which compare to news reports, leaves a more vivid and graphic impression on audience with its discourse and narratives. The proposed subject I am going to study is revolved around the representation of Islam and Muslim identity in the popular US TV drama Homeland. (Showtime, 2011) Homeland (Showtime, 2011) has been arguably the most successful TV series focusing on the theme of counter-terrorism and national security across the Atlantic since 2011, following its predecessor 24 (Fox, 2001) developed by the same producers. When asked what made the show distinctive compared to its predecessors, Damian Lewis, who played as Sgt Nicholas Brody, the male lead in Homeland replied, “We feel a bit differently...
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